Francis Poulenc |

Frances Poulenc

Mimhanzi yangu mufananidzo wangu. F. Poulenc

F. Poulenc ndomumwe wevanyori vanoyevedza avo France yakapa pasirese muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Akapinda munhoroondo yemimhanzi senhengo yemubatanidzwa wekusika "Six". Mu "Matanhatu" - mudiki, asina kumbotsika pachikumbaridzo chemakore makumi maviri - akabva awana chiremera uye rudo rwepasirese netarenda rake - chepakutanga, chinorarama, chinongoerekana chaitika, pamwe nehunhu chaihwo hwevanhu - kuseka kusingagumi, mutsa uye kutendeseka, uye zvinonyanya kukosha - kukwanisa kupa vanhu ushamwari hwake hunoshamisa. “Francis Poulenc mimhanzi pachayo,” akanyora kudaro D. Milhaud nezvake, “handizivi nezveimwe nziyo dzipi nedzipi dzingaita sezvakananga, dzaizongotaurwa uye dzaizosvika nharidzano nokusakanganisa kumwe cheteko.”

Muimbi weramangwana akaberekerwa mumhuri yemukuru wemaindasitiri. Amai - muimbi akanakisa - vaive mudzidzisi wekutanga waFrancis, vakapfuudza kumwanakomana wavo rudo rusingaperi rwemimhanzi, kuyemura WA ​​Mozart, R. Schumann, F. Schubert, F. Chopin. Kubva pazera remakore gumi nemashanu, dzidzo yake yemimhanzi yakaramba ichitungamirirwa nemuimbi wepiyano R. Vignes uye munyori wenziyo C. Kequelin, uyo akaunza muimbi wechidiki kune unyanzvi hwemazuva ano, kubasa raC Debussy, M. Ravel, pamwe chete ne zvidhori zvitsva zvevaduku - I. Stravinsky naE. Sati. Hudiki hwaPoulenc hwakabatana nemakore eHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Akapinzwa muchiuto, izvo zvakamudzivisa kupinda munzvimbo inochengeterwa vanhu. Nekudaro, Poulenc akaoneka kare pachiitiko chemimhanzi muParis. Muna 15, muimbi wemakore gumi nemasere akaita dhizaini yake pane imwe yemakonzati emimhanzi mitsva "Negro Rhapsody" ye baritone uye ensemble yezviridzwa. Iri basa raive rakabudirira zvekuti Poulenc akabva aita mukurumbira. Vakataura nezvake.

Achifuridzirwa nekubudirira, Poulenc, achitevera "Negro Rhapsody", inogadzira mazwi ezwi "Bestiary" (pa st. G. Apollinaire), "Cockades" (pa st. J. Cocteau); piyano zvidimbu "Perpetual Motions", "Walks"; choreographic concerto yepiyano uye orchestra "Morning Serenade"; ballet nekuimba Lani, yakaitwa muna 1924 mumusangano waS. Diaghilev. Milhaud akapindura kubhidhiyo iyi nechinyorwa chinofadza: “Mumhanzi waLaney ndizvo zvaungatarisira kubva kumunyori waro… Ballet iyi yakanyorwa nemhando yekutamba… , iyo yatiri isu chete mabasa ePoulenc ane rupo ... Kukosha kwemimhanzi iyi kunogara, nguva haizoibata, uye icharamba ichichengetedza hutsva hwayo uye mavambo.

Mumabasa ekutanga aPoulenc, akanyanya kukosha maficha ehunhu hwake, kuravira, dhizaini yekugadzira, yakasarudzika ruvara rweParisian yemumhanzi wake, kubatana kwayo kusingagoneki neParis chanson, yakatoonekwa. B. Asafiev, achitsanangura mabasa aya, akati “kujeka ... uye kuva neupenyu hwekufunga, mutinhimira wakasimba, kunyatsoona, kuchena kwekudhirowa, kupfupika - uye kujeka kwekutaura."

Mumakore makumi matatu, tarenda renziyo remunyori rakabudirira. Anoshanda nechido mumhando dzemimhanzi yezwi: anonyora nziyo, cantatas, choral cycles. Mumunhu waPierre Bernac, munyori akawana muturikiri ane tarenda wenziyo dzake. Naiye semuimbi wepiyano, akatenderera zvakanyanya uye akabudirira mumaguta ese eEurope neAmerica kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri. Inonyanya kufarira hunyanzvi nziyo dzekwaya dzaPoulenc pazvinyorwa zvemweya: Misa, "Litanies kune vatema Rocamadour Amai vaMwari", Mateti mana enguva yekutendeuka. Gare gare, muma30s, Stabat mater, Gloria, mana eKisimusi motets akagadzirwa zvakare. Zvose zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana mumutauro, zvinoratidzira tsika dzeFrench choral music eras dzakasiyana-siyana - kubva kuGuillaume de Machaux kusvika kuG. Berlioz.

Poulenc anopedza makore eHondo Yenyika II muParis yakakomberedzwa uye mumusha make muNoise, achigoverana nevamwe vaanogara navo matambudziko ese ehupenyu hwechiuto, achitambura zvakanyanya nezvekuguma kwenyika yake, vanhu vake, hama neshamwari. Mifungo inosuruvarisa nemirangariro zvenguva iyoyo, asiwo kutenda mukukunda, murusununguko, zvakaratidzirwa mu<em>cantata “Chiso Chemunhu” nokuda kwekwaya mbiri a cappella kumavhesi naP. Eluard. Mudetembi weFrench Resistance, Eluard, akanyora nhetembo dzake pakadzika pasi pevhu, kubva kwaakadzipinza muchivande pasi pezita raifungidzirwa kuna Poulenc. Muimbi wacho akavanzawo basa re<em>cantata nekudhindwa kwayo. Mukati mehondo, ichi chakanga chiri chiito choushingi hukuru. Hazvisi zvemasanga kuti pazuva rekusunungurwa kweParis nemasabhubhu ayo, Poulenc airatidza kudada mucherechedzo weThe Human Face pahwindo reimba yake padyo nemureza wenyika. Muimbi wemhando yeopera akaratidza kuva shasha-madhirama. Opera yekutanga, The Breasts of Theresa (1944, kune zvinyorwa zvefarce naG. Apollinaire) - opera inofadza, chiedza uye frivolous - yakaratidza chido chaPoulenc chekuseka, majee, uye eccentricity. 2 anotevera maopera ari mumhando yakasiyana. Aya madhirama ane kukura kwepfungwa kwakadzama.

“Dialogues of the Carmerites” (yakasununguka. J. Bernanos, 1953) inoburitsa nyaya inosuwisa yerufu rwevagari vemumusha wemamongi weKarimeri panguva yeChimurenga chikuru cheFrance, rufu rwavo rwechibairo rweugamba muzita rekutenda. "Izwi Revanhu" (yakavakirwa pamutambo waJ. Cocteau, 1958) imhanzi inoridza monodrama umo inzwi remunhu rinorarama uye rinodedera rinonzwika - izwi rekushuva uye kusurukirwa, izwi remukadzi akasiiwa. Pamabasa ose aPoulenc, opera iyi yakamuunzira mukurumbira mukurusa munyika. Yakaratidza mativi akajeka zvikuru etarenda romunyori. Ichi chinyorwa chakafemerwa chakazadzwa nehunhu hwakadzama, hunyoro hwenziyo. Ese ma opera matatu akagadzirwa zvichienderana netarenda rinoshamisa remuimbi wechiFrench uye mutambi D. Duval, uyo akazova mutambi wekutanga mumitambo iyi.

Poulenc anopedzisa basa rake ne 2 sonatas - iyo Sonata ye oboe uye piano yakatsaurirwa kuna S. Prokofiev, uye Sonata ye clarinet uye piano yakatsaurirwa kuna A. Honegger. Rufu rwakamwe kamwe rwakapfupisa upenyu hwomunyori mukati menhambo yokusimukira kukuru kwokusika, pakati peshanyo dzekonzati.

Nhaka yemunyori inosanganisira anenge 150 mabasa. Mimhanzi yake yezwi ine kukosha kukuru kweunyanzvi - operas, cantatas, choral cycles, nziyo, dzakanakisisa dzakanyorwa kune mavhesi eP. Eluard. Yakanga iri mumhando idzi apo chipo cherupo chePoulenc semuimbi chakaratidzwa zvechokwadi. Nziyo dzake dzakafanana nenziyo dzeMozart, Schubert, Chopin, dzinobatanidza kurerutsa zvombo, kusaziva uye kudzika kwepfungwa, dzinoshanda sechiratidzo chemweya wemunhu. Yakanga iri runako rwemumhanzi rwakavimbisa kubudirira kwekusingaperi uye kusingagumi kwemimhanzi yaPoulenc muFrance nekumwe.

L. Kokoreva

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