Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev |

Sergei Prokofiev

Kadhinari mukana (kana, kana uchida, kukanganisa) kwehupenyu hwangu kwagara kuri kutsvaga kwekutanga, mutauro wangu wemimhanzi. Ndinovenga kutevedzera, ndinovenga cliches ...

Iwe unogona kunge wakareba sezvaunoda kune dzimwe nyika, asi iwe unofanira kudzokera kunyika yako nguva nenguva kune mweya chaiwo weRussia. S. Prokofiev

Makore ehudiki emunyori weramangwana akapfuura mumhuri yemimhanzi. Amai vake vaiva shasha yepiyano, uye mukomana, achikotsira, aiwanzonzwa kurira kwesonatas yaL. Beethoven ichibva kure, makamuri akati kuti kure. Seryozha paakanga ava nemakore mashanu, akanyora chikamu chake chekutanga chepiyano. Muna 5, S. Taneyev akaziva zviitiko zvekugadzira zvevana vake, uye pazano rake, zvidzidzo zvekunyora zvakatanga naR. Gliere. Muna 1902-1904 Prokofiev akadzidza paSt. Petersburg Conservatory naN. Rimsky-Korsakov (chiridzwa), J. Vitols (chimiro chemimhanzi), A. Lyadov (kuumbwa), A. Esipova (piyano).

Pabvunzo yekupedzisira, Prokofiev akaita zvinoshamisa Concerto yake yekutanga, iyo yaakapihwa Mubayiro. A. Rubinstein. Muimbi wechidiki anotora nechido miitiro mitsva mumimhanzi uye nokukurumidza anowana nzira yake pachake semuimbi ane ruzivo. Kutaura semuimbi wepiyano, Prokofiev aiwanzobatanidza mabasa ake muzvirongwa zvake, izvo zvakakonzera kuita kwakasimba kubva kune vateereri.

Muna 1918, Prokofiev akaenda kuU.SA, achitanga mberi kune dzakatevedzana dzenzendo dzekune dzimwe nyika - France, Germany, England, Italy, Spain. Mukuedza kukunda vateereri venyika, anopa makonti akawanda, anonyora mabasa makuru - operas The Love for Three Oranges (1919), The Fiery Angel (1927); the ballets Steel Leap (1925, akafuridzirwa nezviitiko zvechimurenga muRussia), The Prodigal Son (1928), On the Dnieper (1930); mimhanzi yezviridzwa.

Pakutanga kwa1927 uye pakupera kwa1929, Prokofiev akaita nekubudirira kukuru muSoviet Union. Muna 1927, makonzati ake akaitwa muMoscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, Kyiv uye Odessa. “Kugamuchirwa kwandakaitwa neMoscow kwakanga kusingawanzoitiki. ... Kugamuchirwa muLeningrad kwakave kwakatopisa kupfuura kuMoscow, "munyori akanyora mubhuku rake Autobiography. Pakupera kwa1932, Prokofiev anosarudza kudzokera kunyika yake.

Kubva pakati pe30s. Kusika kweProkofiev kunosvika pakakwirira. Anogadzira imwe yehunyanzvi hwake - iyo ballet "Romeo naJuliet" mushure meW. Shakespeare (1936); the lyric-comic opera Betrothal in a Monastery (The Duenna, mushure meR. Sheridan - 1940); cantatas "Alexander Nevsky" (1939) uye "Toast" (1939); ngano ine symphonic kune chinyorwa chake "Peter neWolf" ine zviridzwa-mavara (1936); Yechitanhatu Piano Sonata (1940); kutenderera kwepiyano zvidimbu "Mimhanzi Yevana" (1935).

Mumakore 30-40. Mimhanzi yeProkofiev inoitwa nevakanakisisa veSoviet vaimbi: N. Golovanov, E. Gilels, B. Sofronitsky, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh. Kubudirira kwepamusoro kweSoviet choreography kwaiva mufananidzo waJuliet, wakagadzirwa naG. Ulanova. Muzhizha ra1941, pane dacha pedyo neMoscow, Prokofiev akapenda akatumirwa neLeningrad Opera uye Ballet Theatre. SM Kirov ballet-tale "Cinderella". Nhau dzekubuda kwehondo nefascist Germany uye zviitiko zvinosuwisa zvakazoitika zvakakonzera kutsva kwekusika kwemunyori. Anogadzira yakakura kwazvo heroic-patriotic epic opera "Hondo uye Runyararo" yakavakirwa pane inoveli naL. Tolstoy (1943), uye anoshanda nemutungamiriri S. Eisenstein panhoroondo firimu "Ivan the Terrible" (1942). Mifananidzo inovhiringidza, kuratidzwa kwezviitiko zvehondo uye, panguva imwe chete, chido chisingachinji uye simba hunhu hwemimhanzi yeChinomwe Piano Sonata (1942). Chivimbo chikuru chinotorwa muFifth Symphony (1944), umo munyori, mumashoko ake, aida “kuimba nezvomunhu akasununguka uye anofara, simba rake guru, kukudzwa kwake, kuchena kwake kwomudzimu.”

Munguva yehondo, pasinei nechirwere chakakomba, Prokofiev akasika mabasa akawanda anokosha: Yechitanhatu (1947) uye Yechinomwe (1952) symphonies, Ninth Piano Sonata (1947), shanduro itsva yeOpera War and Peace (1952). , the Cello Sonata (1949) uye Symphony Concerto ye cello uye orchestra (1952). Kunonoka 40s-kutanga 50s. dzakafukidzwa nedanidziro dzine ruzha dzichipesana negwara re“anti-national formalist” muunyanzvi hweSoviet, kutambudzwa kwevamiriri vayo vakanakisisa. Prokofiev akazova mumwe wevanonyanya kuita mumhanzi. Kusvibiswa kwevanhu kwemimhanzi yake muna 1948 kwakawedzera kuipa kwehutano hwemuimbi.

Prokofiev akapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake pane dacha mumusha weNikolina Gora pakati pechimiro cheRussia chaaida, akaramba achinyora achienderera mberi, achityora kurambidzwa kwevanachiremba. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ehupenyu akakanganisawo kugadzira. Pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwechokwadi, pakati pemabasa emakore achangopfuura pane mabasa e "kureruka kubata pamuviri" - kuwedzeredza "Musangano weVolga naDon" (1951), oratorio "Pavarindi Yenyika" (1950), iyo suite "Winter Bonfire" (1950), mamwe mapeji e-ballet "Tale pamusoro peruva redombo" (1950), Seventh Symphony. Prokofiev akafa pazuva rimwechete naStalin, uye kuoneka kune munyori mukuru weRussia parwendo rwake rwekupedzisira kwakavharwa nemufaro wakakurumbira maererano nemariro emutungamiri mukuru wemarudzi.

Maitiro aProkofiev, ane basa rinofukidza makumi mana nehafu emakumi emakore emhirizhonga yezana ramakore rechi 4, akawana shanduko huru. Prokofiev akagadzirira nzira yemimhanzi mitsva yezana remakore redu, pamwe chete nevamwe vatsva vekutanga kwezana remakore - C. Debussy. B. Bartok, A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, vanyori vechikoro cheNovovensk. Akapinda muunyanzvi semupunduki ane ushingi weakaputsika canons ekupedzisira Romantic art nekunaka kwayo. Nenzira inoshamisa kukudziridza tsika dzeM. Mussorgsky, A. Borodin, Prokofiev akaunza mumhanzi simba risingadzorwi, kurwisa, dynamism, kutsva kwemasimba ekutanga, anoonekwa se "barbarism" ("Obsession" uye Toccata yepiyano, "Sarcasms"; symphonic "Scythian Suite" maererano neballet "Ala uye Lolly"; Yekutanga uye Yechipiri Piano Concertos). Mimhanzi yeProkofiev inopindirana nekuvandudzwa kwevamwe vaimbi veRussia, vadetembi, vanyori, vashandi vemitambo. "Sergey Sergeevich anotamba pamitsipa yakanyanyisa yeVladimir Vladimirovich," V. Mayakovsky akataura nezveimwe yemitambo yaProkofiev. Kuruma uye kunyorova kwechiRussia-mumusha wekufananidzira kuburikidza neprism yeaesthetics yakaisvonaka hunhu hweballet "The Tale of the Jester Who Cheated on Seven Jesters" (zvichienderana nengano kubva muunganidzwa waA. Afanasyev). Zvichienzaniswa zvisingawanzoitiki panguva iyoyo lyricism; muProkofiev, haana hunhu uye kunzwa - anonyara, munyoro, akapfava ("Fleeting", "Tales of an Old Ambuya" yepiyano).

Kupenya, variegation, kuwedzera kutaura kwakafanana nemaitiro ekunze makore gumi nemashanu. Iyi ndiyo opera "Love for Three Oranges", inoputika nemufaro, nechido, yakabva pane ngano yaK. Gozzi ("girazi rechampagne", maererano naA. Lunacharsky); Iyo inoyevedza yeThird Concerto ine simba rayo dzvinyiriro yemota, yakasimudzwa neruzha runoshamisa rwepombi rwekutanga kwechikamu chekutanga, rwiyo rwunopinda rweimwe yemisiyano yechikamu chechipiri (1-2); kukakavara kwemanzwiro akasimba mu "The Fiery Angel" (yakavakirwa pabhuku raV. Bryusov); simba rehugamba uye chiyero cheChipiri Symphony (1917); "Cubist" urbanism ye "Steel lope"; lyrical introspection ye "Pfungwa" (21) uye "Zvinhu mazviri" (1924) zvepiyano. Style nguva 1934-1928s. kunocherechedzwa nekuzvidzora kwakachenjera kunowanikwa mukukura, kusanganisirwa nehudzamu nevhu renyika repfungwa dzehunyanzvi. Muimbi anovavarira pfungwa dzevanhu uye madingindira epasirese, kuenzanisa mifananidzo yenhoroondo, yakajeka, yechokwadi-yekongiri yemimhanzi mavara. Uyu mutsara wekugadzira wakanyanya kudzika muma30s. maererano nenhamo dzakawira vanhu veSoviet mumakore ehondo. Kuziviswa kwehutsika hwemweya wemunhu, kudzika kwehunyanzvi hwekuita hunyanzvi hunova chishuwo chikuru cheProkofiev: "Ndiri wekutenda kuti munyori, semudetembi, muvezi, muvezi, anodanwa kushandira munhu nevanhu. Inofanira kuimba hupenyu hwemunhu uye kutungamirira munhu kune ramangwana rakajeka. Zvakadaro, kubva pakuona kwangu, ndiyo isingazununguki kodhi yeunyanzvi.

Prokofiev akasiya nhaka huru yekusika - 8 operas; 7 ballets; 7 symphonies; 9 piano sonatas; 5 piano concerto (iyo Yechina ndeyeruboshwe rumwe); 2 violin, 2 cello concertos (Chechipiri - Symphony-konzati); 6 cantatas; oratorio; 2 vocal uye symphonic suites; zvidimbu zvakawanda zvepiyano; zvidimbu zveorchestra (kusanganisira Russian Overture, Symphonic Song, Ode kusvika Kumagumo eHondo, 2 Pushkin Waltzes); Chamber works (Overture on Jewish themes for clarinet, piano and string quartet; Quintet for oboe, clarinet, violin, viola and double bass; 2 string quartets; 2 sonatas yeviolin nepiyano; Sonata ye cello nepiyano; nhamba yezvinyorwa zvezwi nokuda kwemashoko A. Akhmatova, K. Balmont, A. Pushkin, N. Agnivtsev nevamwe).

Creativity Prokofiev akagamuchira kuzivikanwa munyika yose. Kukosha kusingaperi kwemimhanzi yake iri murupo rwake uye mutsa, mukuzvipira kwake kune yakakwirira pfungwa dzevanhu, muhupfumi hwekuratidzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemabasa ake.

Y. Kholopov

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