Luigi Cherubini |

Luigi Cherubini

Muna 1818, L. Beethoven, achipindura mubvunzo wokuti ndiani zvino ari munyori mukurusa (tisingabatanidzi Beethoven amene), akati: “Cherubini.” "Munhu akatanhamara" akadana maestro weItaly G. Verdi. Mabasa aCherubiniev akayemurwa naR. Schumann naR. Wagner. Brahms yakanga ine kukwezva kwakasimba kumimhanzi yeCherubini, inonzi opera "Medea" "basa rakanaka", raakatorwa zvisina kujairika. Akapiwa chikwereti naF. Liszt naG. Berlioz - vanyori vakuru, avo, zvisinei, vakanga vasina hukama hwakanaka hwemunhu naCherubini: Cherubini (semutungamiri) haana kubvumira wekutanga (somutorwa) kudzidza kuParis. Conservatory, kunyange zvazvo akagamuchira yechipiri masvingo ayo, asi zvakasimba asingadi.

Cherubhini akawana dzidzo yake yekutanga yemimhanzi achitungamirirwa nababa vake, Bartolomeo Cherubini, pamwe naB. naA. Felici, P. Bizzari, J. Castrucci. Cherubini akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake muBologna naG. Sarti, munyori akakurumbira, mudzidzisi, uye munyori wemabasa emimhanzi uye ezvinyorwa. Mukukurukurirana nenyanzvi huru, munyori wechidiki anonzwisisa hunyanzvi hwakaoma hwekupikisa (polyphonic polyphonic kunyora). Zvishoma nezvishoma uye nekunyatsozvigona, anojoinha tsika yekurarama: anobata mhando dzechechi dzevakawanda, litany, motet, pamwe nemhando dzepamusoro dzepasirese dzearistocratic opera-seria uye opera-buffa iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pa guta opera matanho uye danho. Mirairo inobva kumaguta eItaly (Livorno, Florence, Rome, Venice. Mantua, Turin), kubva kuLondon - pano Cherubini inoshanda semunyori wedare muna 1784-86. Tarenda remuimbi rakagamuchira kuzivikanwa kwakakura kweEurope muParis, uko Cherubini akagara muna 1788.

Hupenyu hwake hwese hwese uye nzira yekugadzira yakabatana neFrance. Cherubini munhu ane mukurumbira muFrench Revolution, kuzvarwa kweParis Conservatory (1795) kwakabatana nezita rake. Muimbi akapa simba rakawanda uye tarenda kusangano rayo nekuvandudza: kutanga semuongorori, ipapo semupurofesa, uye pakupedzisira semutungamiriri (1821-41). Pakati pevadzidzi vake pane vanyori vakuru veopera F. Ober naF. Halevi. Cherubhini akasiya akati wandei mabasa esainzi uye methodological; izvi zvakabatsira pakuumbwa nekusimbaradzwa kwechiremera chenzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu, iyo yakazopedzisira yava muenzaniso wekudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi kune vechidiki vezvekuchengetedza muEurope.

Cherubhini yakasiya pfuma yemimhanzi. Haana kungopa mutero kune anenge ese emazuva ano emhando dzemimhanzi, asi zvakare akashingairira kugovera mukuumbwa kwezvitsva.

Mumakore ekuma1790 pamwe chete nevaairarama navo panguva imwe cheteyo - F. Gossec, E. Megul, I. Pleyel, J. Lesueur, A. Jaden, A. Burton, B. Sarret - muimbi anoumba nziyo nenziyo, maforamu, mitambo yemitambo mikuru, mhemberero, mhemberero dzekuchema Revolutions ("Republican Song", "Hymn to the Brotherhood", "Hymn to the Pantheon", nezvimwewo).

Zvisinei, kubudirira kukuru kwekugadzira kwemunyori, iyo yakasarudza nzvimbo yemuimbi munhoroondo yetsika dzemimhanzi, yakabatana neimba ye opera. Cherubini operas muma1790s uye makumi emakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. pfupikisa zvinonyanya kushamisa zveItaly opera seria, French lyrical tragedy (rudzi rwekuridza mumhanzi wedare unoyevedza), French comic opera uye mutambo uchangoburwa wemushanduri weopera theatre KV Gluck. Vanozivisa kuzvarwa kwerudzi rutsva rwe opera: iyo "Opera yeRuponeso" - chiitiko-chakazara chiitiko chinorumbidza kurwisa chisimba uye udzvinyiriri rusununguko uye kururamisira.

Yakanga iri maopera eCherubini akabatsira Beethoven pakusarudza dingindira guru uye chirongwa cheopera yake chete uye yakakurumbira Fidelio, muchimiro chayo chemimhanzi. Tinoziva maitiro avo mu opera yaG. Spontini The Vestal Virgin, iyo yakaratidza kutanga kwenguva yekutamba kukuru kwerudo.

Mabasa aya anonzi chii? Lodoiska (1791), Eliza (1794), Mazuva maviri (kana Mutakuri weMvura, 1800). Vasina mukurumbira nhasi ndiMedea (1797), Faniska (1806), Abenseraghi (1813), vane mavara nemifananidzo yemimhanzi inotiyeuchidza nezvemaopera mazhinji, nziyo uye mabasa ezviridzwa aKM Weber, F. Schubert, F. Mendelssohn.

Mumhanzi weCherubhini waive nawo muzana remakore rechi30. simba guru rinokwezva, sezvinoratidzwa nekufarirwa kwakanyanya mairi kwevaimbi veRussia: M. Glinka, A. Serov, A. Rubinstein, V. Odoevsky. Munyori weanopfuura 6 operas, 77 quartets, symphonies, 2 romances, 11 requiems (imwe yacho - muC minor - yakaitwa pamariro aBeethoven, uyo akaona mubasa iri chete muenzaniso unobvira), XNUMX masses, motets, antiphons nemamwe mabasa, Cherubini haina kukanganwika muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Mimhanzi yake inoitwa pamatanho akanakisa eopera uye matanho, akarekodhwa pamarekodhi egiramufoni.

S. Rytsarev