Kurt Weill |

Kurt zvakanaka

Akazvarwa Kurume 2, 1900 muDessau (Germany). Akadzidza paBerlin Higher School of Music naHumperdinck, uye muna 1921-1924. akanga ari mudzidzi weFerruccio Busoni. Weill akanyora nziyo dzake dzepakutanga neoclassical style. Idzi dzaive zvidimbu zveochestra ("Kvodlibet", konsati yeviolin uye zviridzwa zvemhepo). Kutanga kwekushandira pamwe ne "kuruboshwe" vanyori vemitambo yeGermany (H. Kaiser, B. Brecht) yakagadzirisa Weill: akazova munyori wemitambo chete. Muna 1926, opera yaWeill yakavakirwa pamutambo waG. Kaiser “The Protagonist” wakaitirwa muDresden. Muna 1927, pamutambo wemumhanzi mutsva wekamuri muBaden-Baden, mutambo unonakidza wemumhanzi sketch "Mahogany" kune chinyorwa chaBrecht wakaitika, gore rakatevera muimbi wechiitiko chimwe chete "The Tsar inotorwa mifananidzo" (H. Kaiser ) yakaitwa muLeipzig uye panguva imwechete yakatinhira muEurope yose yakakurumbira "Threepenny Opera" muBerlin theatre "Na Schifbauerdam", iyo yakakurumidza kutorwa ("Threepenny Film"). Asati abva kuGermany kumanikidzirwa muna 1933, Weill akakwanisa kunyora uye kutamba mitambo inonzi The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (imwe shanduro yakawedzerwa yemufananidzo), The Guarantee (zvinyorwa naCaspar Neuer) uye Silver Lake (H. Kaiser )

MuParis, Weill akanyorera kambani yaGeorge Balanchine ballet nekuimba kwe "The Seven Deadly Sins" maererano negwaro raBrecht. Kubva 1935, Weill aigara muU. Mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja akamanikidza Weill kuti zvishoma nezvishoma apfavise hukasha hwekuita setirical yemabasa ake. Zvidimbu zvake zvakawedzera kushamisira maererano nekushongedza kwekunze, asi zvisinganyanyi kutyisa mumukati. Zvichakadaro, muNew York theatre, pedyo nemitambo mitsva yaWeill, The Threepenny Opera yakaitwa kane mazana nekubudirira.

Imwe yemitambo yakakurumbira yeAmerica naWeill ndeye "A Street Incident" - "folk opera" inobva pamutambo waE. Rice kubva muupenyu hwevarombo veNew York; Iyo Threepenny Opera, iyo yakaita nhandare yemitambo yeGerman ye20s tribune yehondo yezvematongerwo enyika, yakawana musanganiswa weiyo plebeian "mumugwagwa" mimhanzi chikamu neyakaomesesa tekiniki nzira dzemazuva ano mimhanzi. Mutambo uyu wakaunzwa muchimiro che "opera yevapemhi", mutambo wekare wechirungu wetiyeta yeanoridza baroque opera. Weill akashandisa "opera's opera" nechinangwa chekuita parodic stylization (mumumhanzi weiyi parody, haina kunyanya Handel "inotambura" semapundu, "nzvimbo dzakajairika" dzerudo opera yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX). Mimhanzi iripo pano semanhamba ekuisa - zongs, ane nyore, kutapurirana uye simba remapop hits. Maererano naBrecht, uyo ane simba paWeill mumakore iwayo akanga asina kuparadzaniswa, kuitira kuti agadzire mutambo mutsva, wemazuva ano wemimhanzi, munyori anofanira kusiya kusarura kwose kweimba ye opera. Brecht aifarira “chiedza” mimhanzi yepop; uyezve, aida kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwekare pakati peshoko nemimhanzi muopera, pakupedzisira achivaparadzanisa kubva kune mumwe. Iko hakuna kuburikidza nekusimudzira kunoenderana kwekufunga kwemimhanzi mumutambo weWeill-Brecht. Mafomu mapfupi uye mapfupi. Chimiro chese chinobvumira kuisa nhamba dzechiridzwa uye dzezwi, ballet, mapikicha ekwaya.

Kusimuka nekudonha kweGuta reMahagonny, kusiyana neThe Threepenny Opera, yakafanana neopera chaiyo. Pano mimhanzi inoita basa rinokosha.