Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov |

Alexander Glazunov

Glazunov akasika nyika yerufaro, kunakidzwa, rugare, kubhururuka, kubvutwa, kufunga uye zvakawanda, zvakawanda, nguva dzose inofara, inogara yakajeka uye yakadzika, inogara isingaenzaniswi, ine mapapiro ... A. Lunacharsky

Mumwe waanoshanda naye wevanyori veThe Mighty Handful, shamwari yaA. Borodin, uyo akapedza nziyo dzake dzisina kupera kubva mundangariro, uye mudzidzisi akatsigira wechidiki D. Shostakovich mumakore ekuparadzwa kwepashure-revolutionary ... zvairatidza kuenderera mberi kwemimhanzi yeRussia neSoviet. Hutano hwepfungwa hwakasimba, simba remukati rinodzora uye hunhu husingachinji - aya hunhu hwemunyori akakwezva vaimbi vane pfungwa dzakafanana, vateereri, uye vadzidzi vakawanda kwaari. Vakaumbwa kare muhuduku hwake, vakasarudza chimiro chikuru chebasa rake.

Kukura kwemimhanzi yeGlazunov kwakakurumidza. Akaberekerwa mumhuri yemushambadzi webhuku ane mukurumbira, munyori weramangwana akarerwa kubva paudiki mumamiriro ekugadzira mimhanzi, achifadza hama dzake nehunyanzvi hwake hunoshamisa - nzeve yakanakisa yemimhanzi uye kugona kubata nemusoro mimhanzi ipapo ipapo. akambonzwa. Glazunov akazoyeuka kuti: “Tairidza zvikuru mumba medu, uye ndaiyeuka zvakasimba mitambo yose yaiitwa. Kazhinji manheru, ndichimuka, ndakadzorera mupfungwa kune zviduku zvishoma zvandakanga ndanzwa kare ... "Vadzidzisi vekutanga vemukomana vaiva piano N. Kholodkova naE. Elenkovsky. Basa rakasimba pakuumbwa kwemuimbi rakaitwa nemakirasi nevanyori vakuru vechikoro cheSt. Petersburg - M. Balakirev naN. Rimsky-Korsakov. Kukurukurirana navo kwakabatsira Glazunov zvinoshamisa kukurumidza kusvika pakukura kwekugadzira uye nokukurumidza yakakura kuva ushamwari hwevanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana.

Nzira yemunyori wechidiki kumuteereri yakatanga nekukunda. Symphony yekutanga yemunyori ane makore gumi nematanhatu (yakatanga muna 1882) yakamutsa mhinduro dzechido kubva kuruzhinji nevenhau, uye yakafarirwa zvakanyanya nevamwe vake. Mugore rimwe chetero, musangano wakaitwa uyo wakapesvedzera zvikuru kuguma kweGlazunov. Pakudzokororwa kweFirst Symphony, muimbi wechidiki akasangana naM. Belyaev, nyanzvi yemimhanzi yakatendeseka, mutengesi mukuru wematanda uye philanthropist, uyo akaita zvakawanda kutsigira vanyori veRussia. Kubva panguva iyoyo, nzira dzeGlazunov neBelyaev dzakaramba dzichiyambuka. Nenguva isipi muimbi wechidiki akava wenguva dzose paChishanu yeBelyaev. Aya manheru emimhanzi evhiki nevhiki anokwezva muma80s uye 90s. mauto akanakisa emumhanzi weRussia. Pamwe chete naBelyaev, Glazunov akaita rwendo rurefu kune dzimwe nyika, akazivana nenzvimbo dzetsika dzeGermany, Switzerland, France, dzakarekodhwa nziyo dzevanhu muSpain neMorocco (1884). Munguva yerwendo urwu, chiitiko chisingakanganwiki chakaitika: Glazunov akashanyira F. Liszt muWeimar. Munzvimbo imwe chete, pamutambo wakatsaurirwa kubasa raLiszt, First Symphony yemunyori weRussia yakabudirira.

Kwemakore akawanda Glazunov aibatanidzwa nevana vaBelyaev vaifarira - imba yekutsikisa mimhanzi uye makonzati echiRussian symphony. Mushure mekufa kwemuvambi wekambani (1904), Glazunov, pamwe chete naRimsky-Korsakov naA. Lyadov, vakava nhengo yeBhodi yeVatariri yekukurudzira vanyori veRussia uye vaimbi, vakagadzirwa pasi pekuda uye nemari yeBelyaev. . Mumhanzi uye munharaunda yeruzhinji, Glazunov aive nechiremera chikuru. Kuremekedzwa kwevaaishanda navo nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake uye ruzivo rwakabva pahwaro hwakasimba: kuvimbika kwemuimbi, kunyatsoita uye kutendeseka kwekristaro. Muimbi akaongorora basa rake nemazvo chaizvo, achiwanzosangana nekusava nechokwadi kunorwadza. Unhu uhwu hwakapa simba rekuita basa risina udyire pazvinyorwa zveshamwari yakafa: Mimhanzi yaBorodin, iyo yakanga yatoitwa nemunyori, asi isina kunyorwa nekuda kwekufa kwake kamwe kamwe, yakaponeswa nekuda kwekuyeuka kunoshamisa kwaGlazunov. Nokudaro, opera Prince Igor yakapedzwa (pamwe chete naRimsky-Korsakov), chikamu chechipiri cheTatu Symphony yakadzorerwa kubva mundangariro uye yakarongwa.

Muna 1899, Glazunov akava purofesa, uye muna December 1905, mukuru weSt. Petersburg Conservatory, mukurusa muRussia. Kusarudzwa kwaGlazunov semutungamiriri kwakatangira nguva yekuedzwa. Misangano yakawanda yevadzidzi inoisa mberi kudiwa kwekuzvimiririra kweConservatory kubva kuImperial Russian Musical Society. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, akaparadzanisa vadzidzisi mumisasa miviri, Glazunov akatsanangura zvakajeka nzvimbo yake, achitsigira vadzidzi. Muna March 1905, apo Rimsky-Korsakov akapomerwa mhosva yekukurudzira vadzidzi kuti vapanduke uye vakadzingwa, Glazunov, pamwe chete naLyadov, vakarega kuva mapurofesa. Mazuva mashoma gare gare, Glazunov akaitisa Rimsky-Korsakov's Kashchei the Immortal, yakaitwa nevadzidzi veConservatory. Kutamba kwacho, kwakazara nemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika, kwakapera nerally yakangoerekana yaitika. Glazunov anoyeuka kuti: “Ndakabva ndapinda mungozi yokudzingwa muSt. Petersburg, asi zvisinei ndakabvumirana nazvo.” Sekupindura kuzviitiko zvechimurenga zve1905, kuchinjirwa kwerwiyo "Hei, ngatiendei!" akaonekwa. yekwaya nenziyo. Chete mushure mokunge chivako chekuchengetedza chapiwa kuzvimiririra ndipo Glazunov akadzokera kukudzidzisa. Kamwe zvakare achiva mutungamiriri, akanyura mune zvese zvedzidzo maitiro nekunyatsoita kwake. Uye kunyange zvazvo munyori wacho akanyunyuta mutsamba, kuti: “Ndakaremerwa zvikuru nebasa rokuchengeta tsika zvokuti handina nguva yokufunga pamusoro pechinhu chipi nechipi, nokukurumidza pamusoro pezvinetso zvezuva razvino uno,” kurukurirano navadzidzi yakava chinodikanwa chokukurumidzira nokuda kwake. Vechidiki vakakweverwawo kuna Glazunov, vachinzwa maari tenzi wechokwadi uye mudzidzisi.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, mabasa edzidzo, edzidzo akazova makuru kuna Glazunov, achisundira pfungwa dzemunyori. Basa rake rekudzidzisa uye remagariro-mimhanzi rakakudziridzwa zvakanyanya mukati memakore echimurenga nehondo yevagari. Tenzi aifarira mune zvese: makwikwi eamateur artists, uye conductor performances, uye kutaurirana nevadzidzi, uye kuve nechokwadi chehupenyu hwakajairika hwemapurofesa nevadzidzi mumamiriro ekuparadza. Zviitiko zveGlazunov zvakagamuchirwa pasi rose: muna 1921 akapiwa zita rePeople's Artist.

Kukurukurirana nekuchengetedza hakuna kukanganiswa kusvika pakuguma kwehupenyu hwatenzi. Makore ekupedzisira (1928-36) munyori akwegura akapedza kunze kwenyika. Hurwere hwakamunetsa, nzendo dzakamunetesa. Asi Glazunov nguva dzose akadzorera pfungwa dzake kuMotherland, kune shamwari dzake-mu-maoko, kuzvinhu zvekuchengetedza. Akanyorera vaaishanda navo neshamwari kuti: “Ndinokusuwai mose. Glazunov akafa muParis. Muna 1972, madota ake akaendeswa Leningrad uye akavigwa muna Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Nzira yeGlazunov mumimhanzi inovhara inenge hafu yezana remakore. Paive nema ups and downs. Ari kure nenyika yake, Glazunov akanyora chero chinhu, kunze kwemakonti maviri ezviridzwa (saxophone uye cello) uye maviri quartets. Kukura kukuru kwebasa rake kunowira pa80-90s. 1900th century uye yekutanga 5s. Pasinei nenguva dzematambudziko ekugadzira, nhamba iri kukura yemimhanzi, yemagariro uye yezvidzidzo, mumakore aya Glazunov akagadzira akawanda makuru e symphonic mabasa (nhetembo, overtures, fungidziro), kusanganisira "Stenka Razin", "Forest", "Gungwa", "Gungwa", "Kremlin", symphonic suite "Kubva kuMiddle Ages". Panguva imwecheteyo, mazhinji etambo quartets (2 kubva pamanomwe) uye mamwe ensemble mabasa akaonekwa. Kune zvakare makonsati anobatsira muGlazunov's yekugadzira nhaka (pamwe neaya ataurwa - XNUMX makonsati epiyano uye inonyanya kufarirwa violin concerto), zverudo, kwaya, cantatas. Zvisinei, kubudirira kukuru kwemunyori kwakabatana nemimhanzi ye symphonic.

Hapana wevanyori vepamba vekupedzisira XIX - kutanga kwezana remakore reXX. haana kubhadhara zvakanyanya kune symphony genre seGlazunov: 8 symphonies yake inoumba guru guru, rakakwirira pakati pemabasa emamwe marudzi segomo guru rakatarisana nemashure ezvikomo. Kuvandudza kududzira kwechinyakare kweiyo symphony seyakawanda-chikamu kutenderera, ichipa mufananidzo wepasirese kuburikidza nemumhanzi wezviridzwa, Glazunov akakwanisa kuona chipo chake cherupo rwemimhanzi, pfungwa dzisina kunaka mukuvaka kwezvimiro zvakaoma zvemimhanzi. Kusafanana kwekufananidzira kwemitambo yeGlazunov pakati pavo inongosimbisa kubatana kwavo kwemukati, yakadzika mumhanzi wechishuwo chinopfuurira chekubatanidza matavi maviri echiRussian symphonism yaivepo yakafanana: lyrical-dramatic (P. Tchaikovsky) uye pictorial-epic (vanyori veThe Mighty Hand. ) Nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwetsika idzi, chiitiko chitsva chinomuka - Glazunov's lyrical-epic symphonism, iyo inokwezva muteereri nekutendeseka kwayo kwakajeka uye simba regamba. Kudururwa kwenziyo kunonakidza, kumanikidza kunoshamisa uye juicy mhando yezviratidziro mumasimphoni akaenzana, zvichichengetedza kunaka kwese kwemumhanzi. "Hapana kusawirirana mumhanzi waGlazunov. Iye muyero wakadzikama weakakosha mafambiro uye manzwiro anoratidzwa mune ruzha…” (B. Asafiev). Mune symphonies yeGlazunov, imwe inorohwa nekubatana uye kujeka kwearchitectonics, iyo isingaperi inventiveness mukushanda nemasvomhu, uye rupo rwakasiyana-siyana rwe orchestral palette.

Glazunov's ballets inogona zvakare kunzi yakawedzera symphonic pendi, umo kubatana kwechirongwa kunodzokera kumashure pamberi pemabasa emhando yemimhanzi yakajeka. Mukurumbira wavo ndiye "Raymonda" (1897). Kufungidzira kwemunyori, uyo anga ave nenguva achifadzwa nekupenya kwengano dzechivalric, zvakakonzera kupendiwa kwemavara akasiyana-siyana - mutambo mumuzinda wekare, madhanzi eSpanish-Arabic neHungary ... . Zvinonyanya kukwezva zviratidziro zvevakawanda, umo zviratidzo zveruvara rwenyika zvinoratidzwa zvisinganzwisisiki. "Raymonda" akawana hupenyu hurefu mumitambo yemitambo (kutanga kubva pakugadzirwa kwekutanga nechoreographer yakakurumbira M. Petipa), uye pamutambo wekonti (nenzira ye suite). Chakavanzika chekuzivikanwa kwayo chiri mukunaka kwakanaka kwenziyo, mune chaiyo inonyorerana yemimhanzi rhythm uye orchestral ruzha kune epurasitiki yekutamba.

Mune mabheti anotevera, Glazunov anotevera nzira yekumanikidza kuita. Aya ndiwo mabudiro akaita Musikana wechidiki, kana Muedzo waDamis (1898) uye The Four Seasons (1898) - mabheti echiito chimwe akagadzirwawo pamwe chete naPetipa. Ratiro harikoshi. Chekutanga chifundisi chinoyevedza mumweya waWatteau (mupendi wechiFrench wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX), chechipiri idimikira pamusoro pekusaguma kwechisikigo, akaiswa mumimhanzi ina uye mifananidzo yakadhirowewa: "Nguva yechando", "Chitubu", "Zhizha". ”, “Matsutso”. Chishuvo chekupfupika uye nekusimbisa kushongedzwa kweGlazunov's one-act ballets, kukwezva kwemunyori kusvika kunguva yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, ane ruvara nekubata kwekunyomba - zvese izvi zvinoita kuti munhu uyeuke mafaro evatambi veNyika yeArt.

Iko consonance yenguva, pfungwa yezvakaitika kare inowanikwa muGlazunov mumarudzi ose. Kururamisa kunonzwisisika uye kunzwisisika kwekuvaka, kushandiswa kwekushanda kwepolyphony - pasina unhu uhwu hazvibviri kufungidzira kuonekwa kwaGlazunov symphonist. Iwo maficha akafanana mune akasiyana stylistic akasiyana akave akakosha maficha emumhanzi wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Uye kunyangwe Glazunov akaramba achienderana netsika dzechinyakare, zvakawanda zvaakawana zvishoma nezvishoma zvakagadzira zvakawanikwa zvehunyanzvi zvezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. V. Stasov akadana Glazunov "Russian Samson". Chokwadi, bogatyr chete ndiye anogona kumisa hukama husingagoneki pakati peRussia classics uye mimhanzi yeSoviet iri kubuda, sezvakaitwa naGlazunov.

N. Zabolotnaya

Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov (1865-1936), mudzidzi uye akatendeka waaishanda naye NA Rimsky-Korsakov, ane nzvimbo yakasarudzika pakati pevamiriri ve "chikoro chitsva chemimhanzi cheRussia" uye semuimbi mukuru, mune basa rake kupfuma nekupenya kwemavara. zvinosanganiswa nepamusoro-soro, hunyanzvi hwakanyanya, uye semumhanzi anofambira mberi uye weveruzhinji uyo akadzivirira zvakasimba zvido zveRussia art. Zvisina kujairika pakutanga zvakakwezva kutarisisa kweFirst Symphony (1882), zvichishamisa kune zera diki rakadai mukujeka uye kukwana, pazera remakumi matatu akange ave kuwana mukurumbira wakafara uye kuzivikanwa semunyori weshanu dzinoshamisa symphonies, mana quartets nezvimwe zvakawanda. mabasa, anoratidzirwa nekupfuma kwekubata pamuviri uye kukura. kushandiswa kwayo.

Mushure mekukwevera pfungwa dzeanopa philanthropist MP Belyaev, iye anoshuvira munyori akakurumidza kuva mubatanidzwa asingachinji, uye ipapo mumwe wevatungamiriri vezvese mimhanzi yake, yedzidzo uye yekuparadzira mabasa, pamwero mukuru achitungamira mabasa echiRussia symphony makonti, umo. iye pachake aiwanzoita semutungamiri, pamwe chete neimba yekudhinda yeBelyaev, vachitaura maonero avo anokosha panyaya yekupa Glinkin Prize kune vanyori veRussia. Mudzidzisi weGlazunov uye mudzidzisi, Rimsky-Korsakov, kakawanda kupfuura vamwe, akamukwezva kuti amubatsire kuita basa rine chokuita nekusimudzira chiyeuchidzo chevanhu vakuru, kuisa kurongeka uye kubudisa nhaka yavo yekusika. Mushure mekufa kamwe kamwe kwa AP Borodin, vaviri vacho vakashanda nesimba kuti vapedze iyo isina kupera opera Prince Igor, nekuda kwekuti ichi chisikwa chakajeka chakakwanisa kuona chiedza chezuva uye kuwana dariro hupenyu. Mumakore ekuma900, Rimsky-Korsakov, pamwe chete naGlazunov, vakagadzira chinyorwa chitsva chakatariswa zvakanyanya cheGlinka's symphonic scores, A Life for the Tsar naPrince Kholmsky, iyo ichiri nekukosha kwayo. Kubva muna 1899, Glazunov akanga ari purofesa paSt.

Mushure mekufa kwaRimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov akava mugari wenhaka anozivikanwa uye anoenderera mberi netsika dzemudzidzisi wake mukuru, achitora nzvimbo yake muupenyu hwemimhanzi yePetersburg. Chiremera chake chomunhu oga uye chounyanzvi chakanga chisingarambiki. Muna 1915, maererano nokupemberera kusvitsa makore makumi mashanu kwaGlazunov, VG Karatygin akanyora kuti: “Pavapenyu vokuRussia, ndiani anofarirwa zvikuru? Unyanzvi hwaani hwemhando yepamusoro husingambofungiki? Pamusoro pevapi venguva yedu vagara vakarega kupokana, vachiziva pasina mubvunzo nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake kukomba kwehunyanzvi hwemukati uye chikoro chepamusoro chehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi? Zita chete rinogona kuva mupfungwa dzeanobvunza mubvunzo wakadaro uye pamiromo yeanoda kuupindura. Iri zita ndiAK Glazunov.

Panguva iyoyo yekukakavadzana kwakanyanya uye kurwisana kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, apo kwete itsva chete, asiwo yakawanda, zvingaratidzika, kare zvakafananidzirwa, zvakapinda mukuziva, zvakakonzera kutonga kunopesana uye kuongorora, "kusava nechokwadi" kwakadaro kwakaratidzika. zvisina kujairika uye kunyange zvakasarudzika. Yakapupurira kuremekedza kukuru kweunhu hwemunyori, hunyanzvi hwake uye kuravira kwakanaka, asi panguva imwecheteyo, kusarerekera kwemaitiro kune basa rake sechinhu chaitove chisina basa, chakamira kwete zvakanyanya "pamusoro pekurwa", asi. “kure nekurwa” . Mimhanzi yaGlazunov haina kukwezva, haina kumutsa rudo rwechido nekunamata, asi yakanga isina zvinhu izvo zvaisatenderwa zvakanyanya kune chero mapato aikwikwidza. Nekuda kwekujeka kwakachenjera, kuwirirana uye kuenzanisa izvo munyori akakwanisa kusanganisa pamwe zvakasiyana-siyana, dzimwe nguva maitiro anopesana, basa rake rinogona kuyananisa "tsika" uye "vatsva".

Makore mashomanana kusati kwaonekwa chinyorwa chakataurwa naKaratygin, mumwe mutsoropodzi anozivikanwa AV Ossovsky, mukuedza kuziva nzvimbo yeGlazunov mumhanzi weRussia, akamuti ndiye rudzi rwevanyori-"vanopedzisa", kusiyana ne "vashanduri" mune zveunyanzvi, vanowana nzira itsva: "Pfungwa "vashanduri" vanoparadzwa neunyanzvi husingachashandi nekupisa kunopisa kwekuongorora, asi panguva imwe chete, mumweya yavo, mune zvisingaverengeki zvemasimba ekugadzira emuenzanisi. yemafungiro matsva, ekugadzirwa kwemhando itsva dzeunyanzvi, dzavanofanoona, sokunge zvakadaro, muzvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisike zvemangwanani mambakwedza <...> Asi pane dzimwe nguva mune unyanzvi - nguva dzekuchinja, kusiyana neaya ekutanga. iyo inogona kutsanangurwa senguva dzekupedzisira. Vanyori, vane nhoroondo yezvakaitika mukubatanidzwa kwemazano uye mafomu akagadzirwa munguva yekuchinja kwekuputika, ndinodana zita rambotaurwa revanopedzisa.

Huviri hwechinzvimbo cheGlazunov chenhoroondo semuimbi wenguva yeshanduko chakatemerwa, kune rumwe rutivi, nekubatana kwake kwepedyo nehurongwa hwese hwemaonero, pfungwa dzeaesthetic uye zvimiro zvenguva yakapfuura, uye kune rumwe rutivi, nekukura. mubasa rake remamwe maitiro matsva ayo akanyatsogadzirwa pane imwe nguva inotevera. Akatanga basa rake panguva iyo "nguva yegoridhe" yeRussia classical music, inomiririrwa nemazita aGlinka, Dargomyzhsky uye vatsivi vavo vekare ve "makumi matanhatu" chizvarwa, yakanga isati yapfuura. Muna 1881, Rimsky-Korsakov, achitungamirirwa naGlazunov akaziva nheyo dzekugadzira unyanzvi, akanyora The Snow Maiden, basa rakaratidza kutanga kwekukura kwepamusoro kwekunyora kwemunyori waro. Ma80 uye ekutanga 90s yaive nguva yekubudirira kwepamusoro kweTchaikovsky zvakare. Panguva imwecheteyo, Balakirev, achidzokera kumitambo yemimhanzi mushure mekutambudzika kukuru kwemweya kwaakatambura, anogadzira dzimwe nziyo dzake dzakanakisisa.

Zvingori muropa kuti anoshuvira muimbi, akadai saGlazunov panguva iyoyo, akaumbwa pasi pesimba remhepo yemimhanzi yakamupoteredza uye haana kupukunyuka pesvedzero yevadzidzisi vake uye shamwari dzechikuru. Mabasa ake ekutanga ane chitambi chinooneka che "Kuchkist" maitiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvimwe zvitsva zviri kutobuda mazviri. Mukuongorora kwekuita kwe First Symphony yake mukonzati yeFree Music School musi waMarch 17, 1882, yakaitwa naBalakirev, Cui akacherechedza kujekesa, kukwana uye kuvimba kwakakwana mukufananidzirwa kwezvinangwa zvake ne16-year-old. munyori: “Anonyatsokwanisa kutaura zvaanoda, uye sosezvaanoda.” Gare gare, Asafiev akakwevera pfungwa kune inovaka "kufanotemerwa, kuyerera kusingaite" kwemimhanzi yaGlazunov semhando yekupihwa, yakavakirwa muhunhu hwekufunga kwake kwekusika: "Zvinoita sekunge Glazunov haagadziri mimhanzi, asi. Izvo zvine yakasikwa, kuitira kuti maitiro akaoma zvikuru emanzwi apiwe ega, uye asingawanikwi, anongonyorwa pasi ("yendangariro"), uye haana kuisirwa semugumisiro wekurwisana nezvinhu zvisingatauriki zvisinganzwisisiki. Uku kurongeka kwakasimba kwekuyerera kwemumhanzi wepfungwa hakuna kutambura nekumhanya uye nyore kuumbwa, izvo zvainyanya kushamisa mudiki Glazunov mukati memakumi maviri emakore ekutanga ekunyora kwake chiitiko.

Zvingave zvisina kunaka kugumisa kubva pane izvi kuti kugadzirwa kweGlazunov kwakaenderera zvachose pasina kufunga, pasina chero rudzi rwekuedza kwemukati. Kuwanikwa kwechiso chemunyori wake pachake kwakawanikwa naye semugumisiro wekushanda nesimba uye kushanda nesimba pakuvandudza unyanzvi hwemunyori uye kupfumisa nzira dzekunyora nziyo. Kuzivana naTchaikovsky naTaneyev kwakabatsira kukunda monotony yemaitiro akaonekwa nevaimbi vakawanda mumabasa ekutanga aGlazunov. Mafungiro akazaruka uye mutambo unoputika wemimhanzi yaTchaikovsky wakaramba uri mutorwa kune akadzorwa, akavharika uye akavharirwa mune zvake zvemweya zvakazarurwa Glazunov. Muchinyorwa chipfupi chendangariro, “Kuzivana Kwangu naTchaikovsky,” chakanyorwa gare gare zvikuru, Glazunov anoti: “Kana ndirini, ndingati maonero angu muunyanzvi akasiyana neaTchaikovsky. Kunyange zvakadaro, ndichidzidza mabasa ake, ndakaona maari zvinhu zvakawanda zvitsva uye zvinodzidzisa kwatiri, vaimbi vaduku vepanguva iyoyo. Ndakakwevera ngwariro kuidi rokuti Pyotr Ilyich ainyanyova muimbi wenziyo dzesymphonic, akapinza zvinhu zveopera musymphony. Ndakatanga kupfugamira kwete zvakanyanya kune iyo thematic material yezvaakasika, asi kune akafemerwa kukura kwemifungo, hukasha uye kukwana kwemavara mune zvakazara.

Kuwirirana naTaneyev naLaroche mukupera kwema80s kwakaparira Glazunov kufarira polyphony, kwakamuraira kuti adzidze basa revatenzi vekare vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Gare gare, apo aifanira kudzidzisa kirasi yepolyphony paSt. Petersburg Conservatory, Glazunov akaedza kuisa kuravira kweunyanzvi hwepamusoro muvadzidzi vake. Mumwe wevadzidzi vake vaaida, MO Steinberg, akanyora, achirangarira makore ake ekudzidzira: “Pano takaziva mabasa evapikisi vakuru vezvikoro zveDutch neItaly… , Palestrina, Gabrieli, kutitapurira kwaakaita isu, nhiyo duku, dzakanga dzichiri kunyatsoziva manomano ose aya, nechido.

Izvi zvitsva zvekuzvivaraidza zvakakonzera alarm uye kusatenderwa pakati pevadzidzisi veGlazunov muSt. Petersburg, avo vaiva ve "chikoro chitsva cheRussia". Rimsky-Korsakov mu "Chronicle" akanyatso uye akadzora, asi zvakajeka, anotaura nezvemaitiro matsva mudenderedzwa reBelyaev, akabatana neresitorendi "yakagara" yeGlazunov naLyadov naTchaikovsky, iyo yakanga ichikwevera shure kwepakati peusiku, pamusoro penguva yakawanda. misangano naLaroche. "Nguva itsva - shiri itsva, shiri itsva - nziyo itsva," anodaro munyaya iyi. Matauriro ake epamuromo mudenderedzwa reshamwari uye vanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana aive akajeka uye akajeka. Muzvinyorwa zveVV Yastrebtsev, pane zvakataurwa pamusoro pe "simba rakasimba remafungiro aLaroshev (Taneev?)" paGlazunov, pamusoro pe "Glazunov akanga apenga zvachose", anozvidza kuti "ari pasi pesimba raS. Taneyev (uye zvichida pamwe Laroche) akati nyararei akananga Tchaikovsky.

Kupomera kwakadaro hakugoni kunzi kwakanaka. Chishuvo chaGlazunov chekuwedzera mahorizoni ake emumhanzi chakanga chisina kubatanidzwa nekuramba tsitsi dzake dzekare uye rudo: zvakakonzerwa nechishuvo chemusikirwo chakazara chekupfuura zvakatsanangurwa zvishoma "kuraira" kana maonero edenderedzwa, kukunda inertia yemaitiro ekare aesthetic uye maitiro. evaluation criteria. Glazunov akadzivirira zvakasimba kodzero yake yekuzvimirira uye rusununguko rwekutonga. Achitendeukira kuna SN Kruglikov nechikumbiro chekutaura nezvekuita kweSerenade yake yeorchestra mukonzati yeMoscow RMO, akanyora kuti: “Ndapota nyorai nezvemaitirwo acho uye mhedzisiro yekugara kwangu manheru naTaneyev. Balakirev naStasov vanonditsiura pamusoro peizvi, asi ini handibvumirani navo uye handibvumirani, pane zvinopesana, ndinofunga izvi seimwe yemhando yekunyanyisa kwavari. Muzhinji, mune zvakavharwa zvakadaro, "zvisingasvikike" madenderedzwa, sezvakaita denderedzwa redu, kune zvakawanda zviduku zvishoma uye majongwe echikadzi.

Mupfungwa yechokwadi yeshoko, kuzivana kwaGlazunov naWagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, yakaitwa nechikwata cheGerman opera chakatenderera St. Petersburg muchirimo cha1889, chaive chizaruro. Ichi chiitiko chakamumanikidza kuti achinje zvakanyanya maitiro ekusava nechokwadi aakambove akatarisana naWagner, ayo aakambogovana nevatungamiriri ve "chikoro chitsva cheRussia". Kusavimba uye kuparadzaniswa kunotsiviwa nechishuwo chinopisa, chine shungu. Glazunov, sezvaakabvuma mutsamba kuna Tchaikovsky, "aidavira Wagner." Akarohwa ne "simba rekutanga" rekurira kweWagner orchestra, iye, mumashoko ake pachake, "akarasikirwa nekuravira kune chero chimwe chiridzwa", zvisinei, pasina kukanganwa kuita zvakakosha kuchengetedza: "hongu, kwechinguva. ” Panguva ino, shungu dzaGlazunov dzakagoverwa nemudzidzisi wake Rimsky-Korsakov, uyo akawira pasi pesimba reumbozha ruzha palette akapfuma mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana emunyori weRing.

Kuyerera kwezvitsva zvitsva zvakatsvaira pamusoro pemuimbi wechidiki aine chimiro chisina kusimba uye chisina kusimba chekugadzira dzimwe nguva chakamutungamirira mukuvhiringidzika: zvakatora nguva kuziva uye kunzwisisa zvese izvi nechomukati, kuwana nzira yake pakati pehuwandu hweakasiyana ehunyanzvi mafambiro, maonero. uye aesthetics yakavhura pamberi pake. zvigaro, Izvi zvakakonzera nguva idzodzo dzekuzengurira uye kusava nechokwadi, iyo yaakanyora muna 1890 kuna Stasov, uyo akagamuchira nechido maitiro ake ekutanga semunyori: "Pakutanga zvinhu zvose zvaiva nyore kwandiri. Zvino, zvishoma nezvishoma, huchenjeri hwangu hwakati dzikamei, uye ndinowanzosangana nenguva dzinorwadza dzekukahadzika uye kusaita sarudzo, kusvika ndamira pane chimwe chinhu, uyezve zvese zvinoenderera sepakutanga ... ". Panguva imwecheteyo, mutsamba yaakanyorera Tchaikovsky, Glazunov akabvuma kuomerwa kwaakasangana nako mukushandiswa kwemazano ake ekugadzira nekuda kwe "musiyano wemaonero ekare neatsva."

Glazunov akanzwa njodzi yeupofu uye nekusatsoropodza kutevedzera "Kuchkist" mhando dzekare, izvo zvakatungamira mubasa remunyori wetarenda rakaderera kune kusiri munhu epigone kudzokorora izvo zvakange zvatopfuura uye kugona. "Zvese zvaive zvitsva uye zvine tarenda muma60s uye 70s," akanyorera Kruglikov, "ikozvino, kutaura nehasha (kunyangwe zvakawandisa), zvakashongedzwa, uye nekudaro vateveri vechikoro chekare chine tarenda chevanyori veRussia vanoita zvekupedzisira. sevhisi yakaipa kwazvo” . Rimsky-Korsakov akaratidza mitongo yakafanana nenzira yakazaruka uye yakasimba, achienzanisa mamiriro e "chikoro chitsva cheRussia" mukutanga kwe90s ne "mhuri inofa" kana "bindu rinooma." "... Ndiri kuona," akanyorera mutauriri mumwe chete uyo Glazunov aitaura nemafungiro ake asingafadzi, "kuti. chikoro chitsva cheRussia kana kuti boka guru rinofa, kana kuti rinoshandurwa kuva chimwe chinhu, chisingadikanwi zvachose.

Kuongorora kwese uku kwakakosha uye kufungidzira kwakavakirwa pakuziva kwekuneta kweimwe mhando yemifananidzo uye madingindira, kudikanwa kwekutsvaga mazano matsva uye nzira dzeunyanzvi hwavo. Asi nzira yekuzadzisa chinangwa ichi, mudzidzisi nemudzidzi vakatsvaga nzira dzakasiyana. Aine chokwadi nezvechinangwa chepamusoro chemweya cheunyanzvi, mudzidzisi wedemocrat Rimsky-Korsakov akaedza, kutanga, kugona mabasa matsva ane chinangwa, kuwana zvitsva muhupenyu hwevanhu uye hunhu hwevanhu. Kune iyo ideologically yakawedzera passive Glazunov, chinhu chikuru chaive chisiri kuti, as, mabasa echirongwa chemumhanzi chaiwo akaunzwa pamberi. “Mabasa ekunyora, uzivi, tsika kana kuti zvechitendero, pfungwa dzemifananidzo hadzizivikanwi kwaari,” akanyora kudaro Ossovsky, ainyatsoziva munyori wacho, “uye mikova yetemberi younyanzvi hwake yakavharwa. AK Glazunov ane hanya chete nemimhanzi uye nhetembo yake chete - kunaka kwemanzwiro emweya.

Kana mune mutongo uyu pane chikamu chechinangwa chekupinza, kwakabatana nekupokana uko Glazunov pachake akataura kanopfuura kamwe kune tsananguro dzemashoko dzakadzama dzezvinangwa zvemimhanzi, ipapo pane yese nzvimbo yemunyori yakaratidzwa naOssovsky nenzira kwayo. Sezvo awana nguva yekupesana kwekutsvaga uye zvekuzvivaraidza mukati memakore ekugadzira kuzvisarudzira, Glazunov mumakore ake akakura anouya kune yakasarudzika hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, husina kusununguka kubva kune inertia yezvidzidzo, asi kuomarara mukuravira, kwakajeka uye mukati memukati.

Mimhanzi yeGlazunov inotungamirirwa nechiedza, masculine tones. Haazivikanwi nechero kunyorova kusinganzwisisi kunoratidzika kune epigones yaTchaikovsky, kana yakadzika uye yakasimba dhirama yemunyori wePathetique. Kana kupenya kwekunakidzwa kunoshamisa dzimwe nguva kuchionekwa mumabasa ake, vanobva vakurumidza kupera, vachipa nzira yekudzikama, inopindirana kufungisisa kwenyika, uye kuwirirana uku kunowanikwa kwete nekurwa uye kukunda kukakavara kwemweya kwakapinza, asi, sekunge. , pre-yakasimbiswa. ("Izvi ndizvo zvakanyatsopesana naTchaikovsky!" Ossovsky anotaura nezveGlazunov's Eighth Symphony. "Maitiro ezviitiko," munyori wemifananidzo anotiudza, "zvakafanotemerwa, uye zvinhu zvose zvichauya mukuwirirana kwenyika").

Glazunov inowanzonzi kune maartist emhando yechinangwa, kune avo munhu haambouyi pamberi, anoratidzwa nenzira yakadzorwa, yakanyarara. Iyo pachayo, chinangwa cheiyo artic worldview haisanganisire kunzwa kwesimba rehupenyu maitiro uye inoshanda, inoshanda maitiro kwavari. Asi kusiyana, somuenzaniso, Borodin, hatiwani unhu uhwu muunhu hwekusika hweGlazunov. Mukuyerera kwakanyatsonaka uye kwakatsetseka kwemufungo wake wemimhanzi, achingovhiringwa nguva nenguva nekuratidzwa kwemazwi akanyanya kurira, mumwe dzimwe nguva anonzwa kumwe kudziviswa kwemukati. Yakanyanya thematic kusimukira kunotsiviwa nemhando yemutambo wezvikamu zvidiki zvinonzwika, izvo zviri pasi pekusiyana-siyana rhythmic uye timbre-register mutsauko kana akapinzwana contrapuntally, achigadzira yakaoma uye ine mavara chishongo chelace.

Basa repolyphony senzira yekusimudzira tema uye kuvaka kweyakapedzwa fomu muGlazunov rakakura zvakanyanya. Anoshandisa zvakanyanya maitiro ayo akasiyana-siyana, kusvika kumhando dzakaoma zvikuru dzepamusoro-soro, ari mune izvi mudzidzi akatendeka uye muteveri weTaneyev, waanogona kukwikwidza naye maererano neunyanzvi hwepolyphonic. Achitsanangura Glazunov se "mukuru wekuRussia anopikisa, akamira panzira kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX kusvika rechiXNUMX," Asafiev anoona hunhu hwe "mimhanzi yenyika" yake mukunyora kwake kwepolyphonic. Iyo yakakwirira yekuzara kwemucheka wemimhanzi ine polyphony inopa iyo yakakosha kutsetseka kwekuyerera, asi panguva imwechete imwe viscosity uye kusaita. Sezvo Glazunov pachake akayeuka, paakabvunzwa pamusoro pezvikanganiso zvekunyora kwake, Tchaikovsky akapindura muchidimbu: "Kumwe kureba uye kushayikwa kwekumbomira." Tsanangudzo yakatorwa nemazvo naTchaikovsky inowana chirevo chakakosha muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi: kuenderera kuyerera kwejira remumhanzi kunotungamira mukuderera kwekusiyanisa uye kuvhara mitsetse pakati pezvivakwa zvakasiyana siyana.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvemumhanzi waGlazunov, izvo dzimwe nguva zvinoita kuti zviome kuona, Karatygin akafunga "kuderera" kwaro "kukurudzira" kana, sekutsanangura kunoita mutsoropodzi, "kushandisa izwi raTolstoy, kugona kwaGlazunov 'kutapurira' muteereri 'zvinonzwisa tsitsi' zveunyanzvi hwake. " Manzwiro emunhu enziyo haana kudururwa mumhanzi waGlazunov sechisimba uye zvakananga, semuenzaniso, muTchaikovsky kana Rachmaninoff. Uye panguva imwecheteyo, munhu haagoni kubvumirana naKaratygin kuti manzwiro emunyori "anogara achipwanyika nehupamhi hukuru hwemaitiro akachena." Mimhanzi yaGlazunov haisi yevatorwa kune lyrical kudziya uye kutendeseka, kupaza nepakati pezvombo zvezvakaomarara uye zvine hungwaru zvepolyphonic plexuses, asi mazwi ake anochengeta maficha ekuzvidzora kwakachena, kujeka uye kufungisisa rugare rwuri mumufananidzo wese wekugadzira wemunyori. Mutinhimira waro, usina matauriro anopinza, unosiyaniswa nerunako rwepurasitiki uye kutenderera, kuenzana uye kumhanyisa kutumirwa.

Chinhu chekutanga chinomuka kana uchiteerera mimhanzi yaGlazunov kunzwa kwekuvharidzira density, hupfumi uye hupfumi hwezwi, uye ipapo ndipo chete ipapo kugona kutevedzera kwakaringana kuvandudzwa kwemucheka wakaoma wepolyphonic uye shanduko dzese dzakasiyana mumadingindira makuru anooneka. . Kwete basa rekupedzisira munyaya iyi rinoitwa nemutauro weharmonic ane mavara uye akapfuma akazara-inonzwika Glazunov orchestra. The orchestral-harmonic kufunga kwemunyori, iyo yakaumbwa pasi pesimba revose vepedyo veRussia vakamutangira (kunyanya Borodin naRimsky-Korsakov), uye munyori weDer Ring des Nibelungen, anewo mamwe maitiro ega. Mukukurukurirana pamusoro pe "Nhungamiro yeInstrumentation," Rimsky-Korsakov akambotaura kuti: "Kuimba kwangu kwakajeka uye kunofananidzira kupfuura kwaAlexander Konstantinovich, asi kune rumwe rutivi, hapana mimwe mienzaniso ye" brilliant symphonic tutti, ” nepo Glazunov aine mienzaniso yakadaro uye yakadaro. zvakanyanya sezvaunoda, nekuti, kazhinji, orchestration yake yakaoma uye inopenya kupfuura yangu.

Orchestra yaGlazunov haipenye uye kupenya, inopenya nemavara akasiyana-siyana, seyeKorsakov: runako rwayo rwakanyanya rwuri mukuenzana uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvekuchinja, zvichigadzira fungidziro yekuzununguka kwakatsetseka kwehukuru, compact ruzha masasi. Muimbi haana kuedza zvakanyanya kusiyanisa uye kushorwa kwezviridzwa, asi nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwavo, kufunga muzvikamu zvakakura zve orchestral, kuenzanisa kwacho kwakafanana nekushanduka uye kuchinjwa kwezvinyorwa pakuridza chimbo.

Nezvose zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinyorwa zvekunyora, basa raGlazunov rakanyanya kubatanidzwa uye organic phenomenon. Pasinei nehunhu hwayo hwekuzviparadzanisa kwedzidzo uye kuparadzaniswa kubva kumatambudziko chaiwo enguva yayo, inokwanisa kufadza nesimba rayo remukati, tariro inofadza uye kupfuma kwemavara, tisingarevi hunyanzvi hukuru uye kunyatsofunga kwese. details.

Muimbi haana kuuya kukubatana uku uye kukwana kwemaitiro pakarepo. Makumi gumi mushure meKutanga Symphony yaive kwaari nguva yekutsvaga uye kushanda nesimba paari, achidzungaira pakati pemabasa akasiyana-siyana uye zvinangwa zvakamukwezva pasina kumwe kutsigirwa kwakasimba, uye dzimwe nguva kunyengedza kuri pachena uye kukundikana. Kungosvika pakati pema90s ndipo paakakwanisa kukunda miedzo nemiedzo yakatungamira kune rimwe divi rekuita zvekuzvivaraidza zvakanyanya uye kupinda munzira yakafara yekuzvimiririra yekusika chiitiko. Nguva ipfupi yemakore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri pakutanga kwezana ramakore re1905 ne1906 yaive yeGlazunov nguva yemhando yepamusoro yekusika maruva, apo mazhinji eakanakisa, akakura uye akakosha mabasa akagadzirwa. Pakati pavo pane ma symphonies mashanu (kubva kuchina kusvika kune yechisere akabatanidzwa), yechina neyechishanu quartets, Violin Concerto, ese piano sonatas, ese matatu ma ballet uye akati wandei mamwe. Anenge mushure meXNUMX-XNUMX, kuderera kunoonekwa kwekuita kwekugadzira kunotanga, izvo zvakaramba zvichiwedzera kusvika pakupera kwehupenyu hwemunyori. Muchikamu, kuderera kwakadaro kwakangoerekana kwaitika mukubudirira kunogona kutsanangurwa nemamiriro ekunze uye, pamusoro pezvose, nebasa rakakura, rinopedza nguva redzidzo, rehurongwa uye rekutonga rakawira pamapfudzi aGlazunov maererano nekusarudzwa kwake kune chinzvimbo che. mutungamiriri weSt. Petersburg Conservatory. Asi pakanga paine zvikonzero zvekurongeka kwemukati, kwakadzika midzi mukuramba kwakasimba kweazvino maitiro ayo akatsunga uye nehutsinye akazvisimbisa mubasa uye muhupenyu hwemimhanzi hwekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, uye pamwe, pamwe, mune zvimwe zvinangwa zvemunhu. haisati yanyatsojekeswa. .

Zvichipesana nemashure ekuvandudza maitiro ehunyanzvi, zvinzvimbo zvaGlazunov zvakawana hunhu hunowedzera hwedzidzo uye hwekudzivirira. Inenge mimhanzi yose yeEurope yenguva yeWagnerian yakarambwa naye: mubasa raRichard Strauss, haana kuwana chimwe chinhu kunze kwe "cacophony inosemesa", maFrench Impressionists akanga ari vatorwa uye vasingafariri kwaari. Pakati pevanyori veRussia, Glazunov ainzwira tsitsi kune imwe nhanho kuna Scriabin, uyo akagamuchirwa noushamwari mudenderedzwa reBelyaev, akayemura Sonata yake yechina, asi akanga asingachagoni kugamuchira Nhetembo yeEcstasy, iyo yakanga ine "kuora mwoyo" paari. Kunyange Rimsky-Korsakov akapomedzerwa mhosva naGlazunov nekuda kwekuti muzvinyorwa zvake "kune imwe nguva akapa mutero kunguva yake." Uye zvachose zvisingagamuchirwi kuGlazunov zvaive zvese zvakaitwa nemudiki Stravinsky naProkofiev, tisingarevi maitiro emumhanzi akazotevera e20s.

Mafungiro akadaro kune zvese zvitsva aisungirwa kupa Glazunov kunzwa kwekusurukirwa kwekugadzira, izvo zvisina kubatsira mukusikwa kwemamiriro ekunze akanaka ebasa rake semunyori. Pakupedzisira, zvinogoneka kuti mushure memakore anoverengeka e "kuzvipa" kwakadaro mubasa raGlazunov, haana kukwanisa kuwana chimwe chinhu chekutaura pasina kuzviimba zvakare. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, basa panzvimbo yekuchengetedza rakakwanisa, kune imwe nhanho, kuderedza uye kupfavisa manzwiro iwayo ekusava nematuro, izvo zvaisakwanisa kumuka semugumisiro wekuderera kwakadaro mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira. Iva sezvazvingava, kubva muna 1905, mutsamba dzake, zvichemo zvinogara zvichinzwika pamusoro pekuoma kwekunyora, kushaya pfungwa itsva, "kusava nechokwadi kunowanzoitika" uye kunyange kusada kunyora mimhanzi.

Mukupindura tsamba kubva kuRimsky-Korsakov iyo isati yasvika kwatiri, sezviri pachena achitsiura mudzidzi wake anodiwa nokuda kwekusaita kwake kwekugadzira, Glazunov akanyora munaNovember 1905: Iwe, munhu wangu anodiwa, wandinogodora nokuda kwenhare yesimba, uye, pakupedzisira, Ndinongosvitsa makore makumi masere… Ndinonzwa kuti nekufamba kwemakore ndinowedzera kusakodzera kushandira vanhu kana mazano. Kureurura kunorwadza uku kwakaratidza migumisiro yechirwere cheGlazunov kwenguva refu uye zvose zvaakasangana nazvo maererano nezviitiko zve 80. Asi kunyange zvakadaro, apo kupinza kwezviitiko izvi kwakava kusinganzwisisike, haana kunzwa kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekugadzira mimhanzi. Semunyori, Glazunov akanga azviratidza zvizere pazera remakore makumi mana, uye zvose zvaakanyora pamusoro pemakore makumi matatu akasara anowedzera zvishoma pane zvaakasika pakutanga. Mumushumo weGlazunov, wakaverengwa muna 60, Ossovsky akacherechedza "kuderera kwesimba rekugadzira" remunyori kubva muna 40, asi chaizvoizvo kuderera uku kunouya makore gumi apfuura. Rondedzero yezvinyorwa zvitsva zvepakutanga naGlazunov kubva kumagumo eEighth Symphony (1905-1949) kusvika mumatsutso a1917 inogumira kune gumi nemaviri emitambo yemimhanzi, kazhinji iri mudiki fomu. (Shanda paNinth Symphony, iyo yakavambwa kare muna 1904, yezita rimwechete seyeChisere, haina kufambira mberi kupfuura sketch yekufamba kwekutanga.), uye mimhanzi yemitambo miviri inoshamisa - "Mambo wevaJudha" uye "Masquerade". Makonikiti maviri epiyano, akanyorwa muna 1911 na1917, ndiko kuitwa kwemazano ekutanga.

Mushure meKumukira kwaGumiguru, Glazunov akaramba ari mutungamiriri wePetrograd-Leningrad Conservatory, akatora chikamu mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana yemimhanzi nedzidzo, uye akaenderera mberi nemitambo yake semutungamiri. Asi kusawirirana kwake nemaitiro matsva mundima yekugadzira mimhanzi kwakadzika uye kwakatora mamwe maitiro akaomarara. Maitiro matsva akasangana nekunzwira tsitsi nerutsigiro pakati pechikamu cheprofessorship yeconservatory, avo vakatsvaga shanduko muhurongwa hwedzidzo uye kuvandudzwa kweiyo repertoire iyo vadzidzi vechidiki vakakurira. Panyaya iyi, kukakavara uye kusawirirana kwakamuka, semugumisiro wekuti nzvimbo yaGlazunov, iyo yakanyatsochengetedza kuchena uye kusakanganiswa kwenheyo dzechinyakare dzechikoro cheRimsky-Korsakov, yakawedzera kuoma uye kazhinji kusinganzwisisiki.

Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei, paakaenda kuVienna muna 1928 senhengo yejury yeInternational Competition yakarongwa kwezana remakore rekufa kwaSchubert, haana kuzodzokera kunyika yake. Kuparadzaniswa kubva munharaunda yakajairika uye shamwari dzekare Glazunov dzakasangana nekuoma. Pasinei neruremekedzo rwevaimbi vakakura vekune dzimwe nyika kwaari, manzwiro ekusurukirwa uye ekugadzira haana kusiya vanorwara uye asisiri munyori wechidiki, uyo akamanikidzwa kutungamira hupenyu hwakabatikana uye hunonetesa semutyairi wekushanya. Kunze kwenyika, Glazunov akanyora mabasa akati wandei, asi haana kumupa kugutsikana kukuru. Mamiriro ake epfungwa mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake anogona kuratidzwa nemitsara kubva mutsamba yakanyorerwa MO Steinberg yemusi waKubvumbi 26, 1929: “Sekutaura kunoita Poltava nezveKochubey, ini ndaivewo nepfuma mitatu - kusika, kubatana nesangano randinofarira uye konzati. performances. Pane chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka neakare, uye kufarira mabasa ekupedzisira kuri kutonhora, pamwe muchidimbu nekuda kwekunonoka kudhindwa kwavo. Chiremera changu semuimbi chadererawo zvakanyanya… Pachine tariro ye”colporterism” (Kubva kuFrench colporter - kuparadzira, kuparadzira. Glazunov zvinoreva mazwi aGlinka, akadaro muhurukuro naMeyerbeer: "Ini handifarire kugovera. nziyo dzangu”) dzemumhanzi wangu uye wemumwe munhu, wandakachengeta simba rangu nesimba rangu rekushanda. Apa ndipo pandichazvipedza.”

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Basa raGlazunov rave richizivikanwa pasi rose uye rave chikamu chakakosha cheRussia classical musical heritage. Kana mabasa ake asingakatyamadze muteereri, asingabati zvakadzika zvehupenyu hwemweya, saka vanokwanisa kuunza mafaro ekunaka uye kunakidzwa nesimba ravo rekutanga uye kuvimbika kwemukati, zvakasanganiswa nekujeka kwehungwaru hwekufunga, kuwirirana uye kuzara kwechimiro. Muimbi we "transitional" bhendi, iyo iri pakati penguva mbiri dzemazuva anopenya emimhanzi yeRussia, akanga asiri muvambi, muwani wenzira itsva. Asi hukuru, hunyanzvi hwakakwana, hune tarenda rakajeka rechisikigo, hupfumi uye rupo rwekugadzira zvigadzirwa, zvakamubvumira kuti agadzire mabasa mazhinji ehupamhi hwepamusoro kukosha, izvo zvisati zvarasikirwa nehupenyu hwekufarira. Semudzidzisi uye munhu weruzhinji, Glazunov akabatsira zvakanyanya mukuvandudza nekusimbiswa kwenheyo dzetsika dzemimhanzi dzeRussia. Zvese izvi zvinotarisa kukosha kwake semumwe wevanhu vepakati peRussia mimhanzi tsika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Yu. Handeyi nazvo