Alto saxophone: tsananguro chiridzwa, kuumbwa, ruzha, nhoroondo, vatambi

Manheru echirimo, uchiyemura kunyura kwegungwa, kana kuti parwendo rurefu kubva kuMoscow kuenda kuSt. Iyo saxophone chete inonzwika kubva pamwoyo - chiridzwa chemimhanzi chinoderedza kutambura, chinotungamira mberi, chinovimbisa mufaro uye chido, chinoporofita rombo rakanaka.

tsananguro

Iyo saxophone ine mhuri yakakura, ndiko kuti, kune marudzi mazhinji eiyi chiridzwa chemhepo, iyo inosiyana nepitch uye tonality. Mazuva ano, 6 marudzi anoonekwa seakanyanya kuwanda:

• Sopranino ikopi diki yesoprano huru, yakafanana mukunzwika kune clarinet.
• Soprano saxophone ine chimiro chakakomberedzwa uye kurira kunoungira izwi resoprano.
• Iyo alto saxophone ndiyo yekutanga inonyanya kufarirwa chiridzwa chine ruzha rwakafanana neizwi remunhu, richitaura nemoyo wese nezve kusuwa, mufaro, uye tariro.
• Iyo tenor saxophone chiridzwa chakakura-hukuru, nekuda kweruzha rwakanaka rwayakawana mukurumbira mujazz.
• Baritone saxophone - inoita virtuoso mimhanzi ndima.
• Bass saxophone - inozivikanwa seshasha mukurira mumarejista akaderera, izvi zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwechiridzwa mukuimba.

Adolf Sachs pakutanga akagadzira gumi nemana emhando yechiridzwa, asi nhasi haasi ese anoshongedza hupenyu hwedu neyakakura palette yemanzwi.

Tool mudziyo

Pasinei nehukuru hwayo, alto saxophone inofarirwa nevaimbi vanoridza nziyo dzechinyakare uye dzejazz.

Alt ine chimiro chakaoma. Kubva pamativi akagadzirwa zvakasiyana, mhizha dzinounganidza chiridzwa chinoita ruzha runoshamisa runovhiringidza mwoyo.

Iyo pombi muchimiro chekoni, ichiwedzera kune rumwe rutivi - muviri wesaxophone ine valve-lever mechanism - kubva kure inoratidzika sechimiro cheesthete smoker. Muchikamu chakawedzerwa, mutumbi unopinda mubhero, uye muchikamu chakamanikana, nerubatsiro rweesca, inosanganiswa nemuromo wemuromo, iyo inokonzera kutaridzika kwezwi uye yakafanana mukugadzirisa kune clarinet mouthpiece. Rubber, ebonite, plexiglass kana alloy yesimbi inoshandiswa pakugadzira kwayo.

Chinhu chesaxophone chinoburitsa ruzha chinonzi rutsanga. Nekubatsirwa kwe ligature - kora duku, rutsanga rwakasungirirwa pamuromo. Mazuva ano, chikamu ichi chinowanzogadzirwa nezvinhu zvekugadzira, asi zvakakodzera, huni hunofanira kushandiswa. Nzembe inogadzirwa netsanga kubva kumaodzanyemba kweFrance.

Nhoroondo ye saxophone uye musiki wayo

Muna 2022, achange ari makore 180 kubvira muimbi weBelgian Antoine-Joseph Sachs (Adolf Sax) akagadzira chiridzwa chebhendi remauto. Kunyanya, 14 marudzi ezviridzwa akagadzirwa, akasiyana muhukuru uye ruzha. Iyo alto saxophone ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mumhuri iyi.

Izvi zviridzwa zvemimhanzi zvaive nematambudziko mazhinji: zvakarambidzwa muGermany nekuda kwekushaikwa kweAryan, uye muUSSR saxophones dzaionekwa sechinhu chetsika yemuvengi wepfungwa, uye dzakarambidzwawo.

Asi nekufamba kwenguva, zvese zvakachinja, uye zvino gore rega rega ma saxophonists kubva kumativi ese enyika vanoungana muDinant kuti varatidzire munzira yekutenderera uye manheru mumigwagwa, yakavhenekerwa nemwenje wemwenje, nekudaro vachipa mutero kune musiki wechiridzwa chemimhanzi.

Muguta reDenau, nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yeSax, chiyeuchidzo kuna tenzi mukuru chakamiswa, uye mifananidzo yesaxophone inogona kuwanikwa mumaresitorendi, mabara nemakofi pasi rese.

Alto saxophone inonzwika sei?

Ruzha rwunoitwa neviola haruwanzoenderana nenzwi rezvinonyorwa zvinopihwa muzvibodzwa. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti ruzha rwesaxophone runosanganisira anopfuura maviri octaves uye rwakakamurwa kuva rejista. Sarudzo yepamusoro, yepakati uye yakaderera marejista inoraira chidimbu chemimhanzi chiri kuridzwa.

Huwandu hwevhoriyamu yemhando yepamusoro yerejista inonzwika inopa pfungwa yekushushikana. Kushevedzera kwakadzikama kunonzwika chete kuburikidza nemukurukuri. Asi kutsinhirana kwamanzwi kunoparira kusingakanganwiki kweimwe nziyo. Kazhinji aya ndiwo ega emitambo yejazz. Alto saxophone haiwanzo shandiswa mumaokestra.

Vatambi Vakakurumbira

Kune akawanda jazz mimhanzi makwikwi e saxophonists pasi rese. Asi iyo huru inoitwa muBelgium muguta reDenau. Nyanzvi dzinoienzanisa nemakwikwi eTchaikovsky.

Vakakunda mumakwikwi aya vaiva vatambi vakaita se: Charlie Parker, Kenny Garrett, Jimmy Dorsey, Johnny Hodges, Eric Dolphy, David Sanborn, Anthony Braxton, Phil Woods, John Zorn, Paul Desmond. Pakati pavo pane mazita eRussia saxophonists: Sergei Kolesov, Georgy Garanyan, Igor Butman nevamwe.

Semumiriri akajeka wezviridzwa zvemumhanzi zvejazz, saxophone inogara iine nzvimbo inotonga. Anokwanisa kurarama nemabasa echinyakare sechikamu che orchestra uye anofukidza mhute yerudo uye manzwiro evashanyi vecafe. Kwese kwese kurira kwaro kunofadza kunounza kunakidza kune vanhu.