Nyanga: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, mhando, ruzha, kutamba

Runyanga rweFrench chiridzwa chemumhanzi cheboka remhepo, uye icho chinoonekwa seimwe yezvakanyanya kuomera vatambi. Kusiyana nevamwe, ine yakanakisa yakapfava uye ine mhute toni, yakatsetseka uye velvety timbre, iyo inoipa iyo kugona kuburitsa kwete chete kusuruvara kana kusuwa, asiwo yakadzama, inofara.

Chii chinonzi nyanga

Zita rechiridzwa chemhepo rakabva kuGermany "waldhorn", iyo inoshandura se "nyanga yesango". Ruzha rwayo runogona kunzwika mune symphony uye mabhendi endarira, pamwe chete nemapoka ensemble uye solo.

Nyanga dzemazuva ano dzeFrench dzinogadzirwa kunyanya nemhangura. Ane ruzha rwakanyanya runonakidza runofadza vanonzwisisa mumhanzi wekirasi. Kutaurwa kwekutanga kweakatangira - runyanga rwakadzokera kumashure eRoma yekare, kwaishandiswa sechiratidzo chechiratidzo.

Tool mudziyo

Kare muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, pakanga paine chiridzwa chemhepo chinonzi nyanga yechisikigo. Chimiro chayo chinomiririrwa nepombi refu ine muromo uye bhero. Pakanga pasina maburi, mavharuvhu, magedhi mukuumbwa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera zvakanyanya tonal range. Miromo yemuimbi ndiyo chete yaibuda inzwi uye yaidzora unyanzvi hwose hwokuridza.

Gare gare, chimiro chakava nechinjo huru. Mavhavha uye mamwe machubhu akaiswa mukugadzira, iyo yakawedzera zvakanyanya mikana uye yakaita kuti zvikwanise kushandura kune imwe kiyi pasina kushandisa imwe mutsara we "copper arsenal". Pasinei nehukuru hwayo hudiki, kureba kwakavhurwa kwenyanga yemazuva ano yechiFrench ndeye 350 cm. Huremu hunosvika 2 kg.

Hwamanda inorira sei?

Nhasi, marongerwo anoshandiswa kunyanya muF (muFa system). Huwandu hwehwamanda mukunzwika huri pakati peH1 (si contra-octave) kusvika f2 (fa yechipiri octave). Ese manzwi epakati ari muchromatic series anowira munhevedzano. Manotsi muchiyero cheFa anorekodhwa mu treble clef cheshanu chepamusoro pane ruzha chairwo, ukuwo bass range iri yechina yakadzikira.

Iyo timbre yerunyanga murejista yezasi yakakora, inoyeuchidza bassoon kana tuba. Pakati nepakati uye kumusoro, ruzha rwakapfava uye rwakatsetseka papiyano, rwakajeka uye rwakasiyana pane forte. Kuita kwakasiyana-siyana kwakadaro kunobvumira iwe kuti upfuure kusuruvara kana kushushikana.

Muna 1971, International Association of Horn Players yakasarudza kupa chiridzwa zita rokuti "nyanga".

History

Muvambi wechiridzwa ihwanga, iyo yakagadzirwa kubva kuzvinhu zvakasikwa uye yakashandiswa sechiratidzo chechiratidzo. Zvishandiso zvakadaro hazvina kusiyana mukusimba uye hazvina kushandiswa kushandiswa kakawanda. Gare gare dzakaumbwa nendarira. Chigadzirwa chacho chakapiwa chimiro chenyanga dzemhuka pasina chero frills.

Inzwi rezvigadzirwa zvesimbi rave rakanyanyisa uye rakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuzvishandisa mukuvhima, padare uye kubata zviitiko zvemhemberero. Tateguru anozivikanwa zvikuru we "nyanga yesango" yakagamuchirwa muFrance pakati pezana remakore rechi17. Yakanga iri pakutanga kwezana remakore rakatevera apo chiridzwa chakagamuchira zita rokuti "nyanga yechisikigo".

Muzana remakore rechi18, chinjo huru ye“nyanga yesango” uye kushandiswa kwayo mumakwaya kwakavamba. Kuita kwekutanga kwaive mu opera "The Princess of Elis" - basa raJB Lully. Magadzirirwo enyanga yeFrance uye nzira yekuiridza yagara ichichinja. Muridzi wenyanga Humple, kuitira kuti ruzha ruve pamusoro, akatanga kushandisa tampon yakapfava, achiipinza mubhero. Nenguva isipi akafunga kuti zvaibvira kuvhara gomba rokubuda naro noruoko rwake. Mushure mechinguva, vamwe vatambi venyanga vakatanga kushandisa nzira iyi.

Dhizaini yakachinja zvakanyanya pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19, apo vharuvhu yakagadzirwa. Wagner aive mumwe wevanyori vekutanga kushandisa chiridzwa chemazuva ano mumabasa ake. Pakupera kwezana ramakore, iyo nyanga yakagadziridzwa yainzi chromatic uye yakatsiviwa zvachose neyakasikwa.

Nyanga mhando

Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, nyanga dzakakamurwa kuita 4 mhando:

1. Single. Hwamanda ine mavharuvhu matatu, ruzha rwayo rwunoitika mutoni yeFa uye huwandu hwe3 3/1 octaves.
2. Kaviri. Yakashongedzerwa nemavharuvhu mashanu. Inogona kugadzirwa mu 4 mavara. Nhamba imwechete yemaoctave range.
3. Yakasanganiswa. Hunhu hwayo hwakafanana nekaviri dhizaini, asi ine mavharuvhu mana.
4. Triple. Zvishoma zvakasiyana zvakasiyana. Yakanga yakashongedzerwa nevharuvhu yekuwedzera, kuvonga kwaunogona kusvika kumarejista epamusoro.

Kusvika iye zvino, iyo yakajairika yakasiyana-siyana ndiyo chaiyo kaviri. Nekudaro, iyo katatu iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mukurumbira nekuda kwekunatsiridza ruzha uye dhizaini.

Kuridza nyanga

Kuridza chiridzwa chinokubvumira kuti ubudirire kuita manotsi akareba uye nziyo dzekufema zvakanyanya. Iyo nzira haidi kupihwa kukuru kwemhepo (kunze kwekunyanyisa kunyoresa). Pakati pane gungano revharuvhu rinoronga kureba kwembiru yemhepo. Kutenda kumagetsi evharuvhu, zvinokwanisika kudzikisa kurira kwemanzwi echisikigo. Ruoko rworuboshwe rwomutambi wenyanga rwuri pamakiyi egungano revharuvhu. Mhepo inoridzwa murunyanga rwefrench nemumuromo.

Pakati pevatambi venyanga, 2 nzira dzekuwana kurira kwekushaikwa kweiyo diatonic uye chromatic zviyero zvakajairika. Yokutanga inokubvumira kuti uite "yakavharwa" inzwi. Nzira yekutamba inosanganisira kuvhara bhero neruoko senge damper. Papiyano, ruzha rwakapfava, rwakapfava, rwunorira pamhepo, nemanotsi akashoreka.

Nzira yechipiri inobvumira chiridzwa kuti chibudise "kumira" inzwi. Kugamuchira kunosanganisira kuiswa kwechibhakera mubhero, icho chinovhara kubuda. Inzwi rinosimudzwa nehafu yenhanho. Unyanzvi hwakadaro, kana hwakaridzwa pakugadzirisa kwechisikigo, hwakapa ruzha rwechromaticism. Iyo tekinoroji inoshandiswa muzvikamu zvinoshamisa, apo ruzha rwepiyano runofanira kurira uye kuve nekunetseka uye kuvhiringidza, kupinza uye prickly pane forte.

Mukuwedzera, kuurayiwa nebhero kumusoro kunogoneka. Iyi nzira inoita kuti timbre yekurira iwedzere, uye inopawo hunhu hunonzwisa tsitsi kumimhanzi.

Vatambi venyanga vane mukurumbira

Kuitwa kwemabasa pachiridzwa kwakaunza mukurumbira kune vaimbi vakawanda. Pakati pevakakurumbira kune dzimwe nyika ndezvi:

• vokuGermany G. Bauman naP. Damm;
• MaChirungu A. Civil naD. Brain;
• Austrian II Leitgeb;
• Czech B. Radek.

Pakati pemazita epamba, anonyanya kunzwika ndeaya:

• Vorontsov Dmitry Alexandrovich;
• Mikhail Nikolaevich Buyanovsky nemwanakomana wake Vitaly Mikhailovich;
• Anatoly Sergeevich Demin;
• Valery Vladimirovich Polekh;
• Yana Denisovich Tamm;
• Anton Ivanovich Usov;
• Arkady Shilkloper.

Artworks for French Horn

Mutungamiriri muhuwandu hwevakakurumbira ndewaWolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Pakati pavo pane "Concerto for horn and orchestra No. 1 in D major", pamwe neNos. 2-4, yakanyorwa mumutauro weE-flat huru.

Pakati pezvinyorwa zvaRichard Strauss, inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye 2 concertos yehwamanda uye orchestra muE-flat huru.

Mabasa emunyori weSoviet Reinhold Gliere anoonekwawo seanozivikanwa nziyo. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye "Concerto yeNyanga uye Orchestra muB Flat Major".

Munyanga yeFrench yemazuva ano, zvishoma zvakasara zvetateguru wayo. Akagamuchira huwandu hwakareba hwemaoctave, hunogona kutaridzika sehuroyi serudimbwa kana chimwe chiridzwa chinoyevedza. Hazvishamisi kuti bhesi rayo rinosimbisa hupenyu kana ruzha rwakajeka runogona kunzwika mumabasa evanyori vakawanda.