Konstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov (Konstantin Igumnov) |

Konstantin Igumnov

"Igumnov akanga ari murume ane runako rusingawanzoitiki, ari nyore uye anokudzwa. Hapana rukudzo nembiri zvaigona kuzunungusa kuzvininipisa kwake kwakadzama. Ikoko kwakanga kusina mumvuri wezvisina maturo maari, izvo dzimwe nguva dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotambura kubva. Izvi ndezve Igumnov murume. "Igumnov anotendeseka uye anonyatso dhizaini, aive mutorwa kune chero mhando yerudo, chimiro, kunze gloss. Nekuda kwekuita kwemavara, nekuda kwehungwaru hwepamusoro, haana kumbopira chirevo chehunyanzvi ... Igumnov haana kushivirira chero chinhu chakanyanya, hasha, chakanyanyisa. Matambiro ake aive akapfava uye ari mapfupi. " Izvi ndezveIgumnov muimbi.

"Akasimba uye achida kwaari, Igumnov aidawo vadzidzi vake. Ane hungwaru mukuongorora masimba avo uye kugona kwavo, aigara achidzidzisa chokwadi chehunyanzvi, zviri nyore uye hunhu hwekutaura. Akadzidzisa kuzvininipisa, kuenzana uye upfumi nenzira dzaishandiswa. Akadzidzisa kutaura kutaurika, zvine mutsindo, mutsindo wakapfava, plasticity uye kurerukirwa kwemazwi. Akadzidzisa "kufema mhenyu" kwekuita kwemimhanzi. Izvi ndezveIgumnov mudzidzisi.

"Chaizvoizvo uye zvakanyanya kukosha, maonero aIgumnov uye misimboti yekunaka yakaramba, sezviri pachena, yakagadzikana ... mumwe), wake "credo" muimbi-muturikiri agara achizviratidza kuburikidza neunhu hwakadai sekukurumidzira kwekuita embodiment yemufananidzo, kupinda uye hunyengeri hwechiitiko chenhetembo. Izvi ndezvemaitiro ehunyanzvi eIgumnov. Mashoko ari pamusoro apa ndeevadzidzi vemudzidzisi anoshamisa - J. Milshtein naJ. Flier, avo vaiziva Konstantin Nikolayevich zvakanaka kwemakore akawanda. Kuzvienzanisa, mumwe asingadi anouya kumhedziso pamusoro pekutendeseka kunoshamisa kwehunhu hwaIgumnov uye hunyanzvi. Mune zvese akaramba akatendeka kwaari, ari hunhu uye muimbi wezvakadzama mavambo.

Akatora tsika dzakanakisa dzechiRussia kuita uye kugadzira zvikoro. KuMoscow Conservatory, kwaakapedza kudzidza muna 1894, Igumnov akatanga kudzidza piyano neAI Siloti uyezve nePA Pabst. Pano akadzidza mumhanzi dzidziso uye kuumbwa pamwe SI Taneyev, AS Arensky uye MM Ippolitov-Ivanov uye mukamuri ensemble pamwe VI Safonov. Panguva imwecheteyo (1892-1895) akadzidza paFaculty of History uye Philology yeMoscow University. Muscovites akasangana nomuridzi wepiyano Igumnov kare muna 1895, uye nokukurumidza akatora nzvimbo yakakurumbira pakati Russian konzati vaimbi. Mumakore ake ekuderera, Igumnov akagadzira chirongwa chinotevera chekusimudzira kwake piano: "Nzira yangu yekuita yakaoma uye inonetsa. Ndinoipatsanura muzvikamu zvinotevera: 1895-1908 - nguva yezvidzidzo; 1908-1917 - nguva yekuzvarwa kwekutsvaga pasi pesimba revanyori nevanyori (Serov, Somov, Bryusov, nezvimwewo); 1917-1930 - nguva yekuongororazve tsika dzose; chido chemuvara kune kukanganisa kwe rhythmic pattern, kushungurudzwa kwe rubato; Makore 1930-1940 ndiko kuumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwemaonero angu azvino. Nekudaro, ndakavaziva zvizere uye "ndakazviwana" chete mushure meHondo Huru yePatriotic"... Zvisineyi, kunyangwe tikafunga nezvemhedzisiro yeiyi "kuongorora", zviri pachena kuti zvinotsanangudza zvaive zviripo mumutambo waIgumnov mune zvese. zvemukati "metamorphoses". Izvi zvinoshandawo kune misimboti yekududzira uye repertoire zvido zvemuimbi.

Nyanzvi dzese dzakabvumirana dzinocherechedza imwe hunhu hunokosha hwaIgumnov kune chiridzwa, kugona kwake kusingawanzo kuitisa kutaura kwehupenyu nevanhu nerubatsiro rwepiyano. Muna 1933, mutungamiriri panguva iyoyo weMoscow Conservatory, B. Pshibyshevsky, akanyora mupepanhau rinonzi Soviet Art kuti: “Somuimbi wepiyano, Igumnov chiitiko chinoshamisa chose. Ichokwadi, haasi wemhuri yevatenzi vepiyano, avo vanosiyaniswa nehunyanzvi hwavo hunoshamisa, ruzha rune simba, uye kududzira kwechiridzwa. Igumnov ndeyevanoridza piyano vakaita seMunda, Chopin, kureva kune masters akasvika padhuze neiyo piyano, haana kutsvaga zvakakonzeresa orchestral mhedzisiro mairi, asi yakatorwa kubva mairi izvo zvakanyanya kuoma kubvisa kubva pasi pekunze kusimba kwe. ruzha - kurira. Igumnov piano inoimba, sezvishoma pakati pevatambi vepiyano vemazuva ano. Makore mashoma gare gare, A. Alschwang anobatana nepfungwa iyi: "Akawana mukurumbira nekuda kwekuvimbika kunofema kwekutamba kwake, kuonana kwepamoyo nevateereri uye kududzira kwakanakisa kwezvidzidzo zvekare ... Panguva imwecheteyo, inzwi raIgumnov rinoratidzwa nekunyorova, pedyo nerwiyo rwekutaura. Dudziro yake inosiyaniswa nehupenyu, kutsva kwemavara. Purofesa J. Milshtein, akatanga somubatsiri waIgumnov uye akaita zvakawanda kuti adzidze nhaka yomudzidzisi wake, akataura ataurazve zvinhu izvi: “Vashomanana vaigona kukwikwidzana naIgumnov mukunaka kwokunzwika, uko kwakasiyaniswa noupfumi hunoshamisa. yeruvara uye inoshamisa melodiousness. Pasi pemaoko ake, piyano yakawana zvinhu zvezwi remunhu. Kutenda kune kumwe kubata kwakakosha, sekunge kusanganisa nekhibhodi (nekubvuma kwake, musimboti wekusanganisa wakarara pamwoyo wekubata kwake), uyezve nekuda kwekusajeka, kwakasiyana, kupuruzira kushandiswa kwepedal, akaburitsa ruzha. yerunako rusingawanzo. Kunyangwe nekurova kwakasimba, chitunha chake hachina kurasikirwa nerunako rwacho: chaigara chine mbiri. Igumnov aifarira kutamba akanyarara, asi kwete chete "kushevedzera", kwete kumanikidza ruzha rwepiyano, kwete kupfuura miganhu yayo yechisikigo.

Igumnov akawana sei zvinoshamisa zvakazarurwa zvehunyanzvi? Akatungamirirwa kwavari kwete chete neruzivo rwechisikigo rwehunyanzvi. Asinganei nemasikirwo, akambovhura "musuwo" werabhoritari yake yekusika: "Ndinofunga kuti chero kuimba kwemimhanzi kutaura mhenyu, nyaya inowirirana ... Asi kungotaura chete hakusati kwakwana. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti rungano rwuve nechimwe chirimo uye kuti mutambi aigara aine chimwe chinhu chaizomuswededza pedyo nezviri mukati. Uye pano handisi kufunga nezvekuita kwemumhanzi mune abstract: ini ndinogara ndichida kushandisa mamwe emazuva ese analogies. Muchidimbu, ndinodhirowa zvirimo munyaya ingave kubva mumaonero emunhu, kana zvisikwa, kana hunyanzvi, kana mamwe mazano, kana kubva pane imwe nguva yenhoroondo. Kwandiri, hapana mubvunzo kuti mubasa rose rinokosha rinotsvakwa chimwe chinhu chinobatanidza muiti nehupenyu chaihwo. Handikwanisi kufungidzira mimhanzi nekuda kwemimhanzi, pasina zviitiko zvevanhu ... Ndosaka zvakakosha kuti basa rinoitwa riwane imwe mhinduro muunhu hwemuiti, kuitira kuti ive pedyo naye. Iwe unogona, hongu, kuzvarwa patsva, asi panofanirwa kugara paine dzimwe tambo dzinobatanidza. Hazvigoni kutaurwa kuti ini ndakafungidzira purogiramu yebasa racho. Kwete, zvandinofungidzira haisi purogiramu. Aya angori mamwe manzwiro, pfungwa, kuenzanisa kunobatsira kumutsa manzwiro akafanana neandinoda kuratidza mukuita kwangu. Aya ndiwo, sokunge zvakadaro, rudzi rwe "kushanda hypotheses", kufambisa kunzwisiswa kweiyo artic conception.

Musi waDecember 3, 1947, Igumnov akapinda pachikuva cheGreat Hall yeMoscow Conservatory kekupedzisira. Chirongwa chemanheru ano chaisanganisira Beethoven's Seventh Sonata, Tchaikovsky's Sonata, Chopin's B Minor Sonata, Lyadov's Variations on a Theme naGlinka, Tchaikovsky's play Passionate Confession, isingazivikanwe nevanhu vese. Rubinstein's Impromptu, Schubert's A Musical Moment muC-sharp minor uye Tchaikovsky-Pabst's Lullaby akaitirwa encore. Chirongwa chekuonekana ichi chaisanganisira mazita evaimbi vane mimhanzi yagara iri pedyo neanoridza piyano. "Kana uchiri kutsvaga chikuru, chinogara chiri mumufananidzo waIgumnov," akadaro K. Grimikh muna 1933, "zvino chinonyanya kushamisa ishinda dzakawanda dzinobatanidza basa rake rekuita nemapeji erudo epiyano art ... Pano - kwete mu Bach, kwete muMozart, kwete muProkofiev, kwete muHindemith, asi muBeethoven, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Brahms, Chopin, Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff - kunaka kwekuita kwaIgumnov kunoratidzwa nenzira inogutsa: kudzorwa uye hunyanzvi hwekutaura, kugona kwakanaka. ruzha, kuzvimiririra uye kutsva kwekududzira.

Zvechokwadi, Igumnov akanga asiri, sezvavanotaura, mutambi weomnivorous. Akaramba akavimbika kwaari: “Kana munyori ari mutorwa kwandiri uye nziyo dzake pachake dzisingandipi zvinhu zvokuita, handigoni kumubatanidza murwiyo rwangu (somuenzaniso, nziyo dzepiyano naBalakirev, French impressionists, mushakabvu Scriabin, vamwe. zvidimbu zvevanyori veSoviet). Uye pano zvakakosha kusimbisa kukwidza kwepiyano kusingaperi kuRussia piano classics, uye, kutanga kune zvose, kune basa raTchaikovsky. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti akanga ari Igumnov uyo akamutsidzira akawanda emabasa emukuru weRussia munyori pamutambo wekonzati.

Munhu wose akateerera Igumnov achabvumirana nemashoko echido aJ. Milstein anoti: “Hapana nzvimbo, kunyange muChopin, Schumann, Liszt, Igumnov inokosha, izere nokupfava, kukudzwa uye kuzvininipisa, inoratidzwa zvinobudirira somumabhuku aTchaikovsky. . Hazvibviri kufungidzira kuti hunyengeri hwekuita hunogona kuunzwa kune imwe nhanho yepamusoro yekukwana. Hazvibviri kufungidzira kutsetseka kukuru uye kufunga kwekudururwa kwemutinhimira, chokwadi chakakura uye kutendeseka kwemanzwiro. Kuita kwaIgumnov kweaya mabasa kunosiyana kubva kune vamwe, sezvo chidimbu chakasiyana kubva musanganiswa wakasanganiswa. Chokwadi, zvese zviri mairi zvinoshamisa: zvese nuance pano muenzaniso wekutevedzera, sitiroko yese chinhu chinoyemurwa. Kuti uongorore basa rekudzidzisa reIgumnov, zvakakwana kutumidza vamwe vevadzidzi: N. Orlov, I. Dobrovein, L. Oborin, J. Flier, A. Dyakov, M. Grinberg, I. Mikhnevsky, A. Ioheles, A. uye M. Gottlieb, O. Boshnyakovich, N. Shtarkman. Vese ava mapiyano emakonsati vakawana mukurumbira wakakura. Akatanga kudzidzisa achangopedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory, kwenguva yakati akanga ari mudzidzisi pachikoro chemimhanzi muTbilisi (1898-1899), uye kubva muna 1899 akava purofesa paMoscow Conservatory; muna 1924-1929 akanga ariwo mutungamiriri wayo. Mukukurukurirana kwake nevadzidzi vake, Igumnov akanga ari kure nemhando ipi zvayo yedzidziso, chidzidzo chega chega inzira yekugadzira mhenyu, kuwanikwa kwehupfumi husingagumi hwemimhanzi. “Dzidziso yangu,” anodaro, “yakabatana zvikuru nokuita kwangu, uye ikoku kunoparira kushaikwa kwokudzikama muzvimiro zvangu zvokudzidzisa.” Zvichida izvi zvinotsanangura kushamisa kunoshamisa, dzimwe nguva kupikisa kwakasiyana kwevadzidzi veIgumnov. Asi, zvichida, vose vakabatanidzwa nemafungiro ekuremekedza kumimhanzi, nhaka kubva kumudzidzisi. Kuonekana nemudzidzisi wake pazuva rinosuruvarisa requiem. J. Flier akaziva zvakarurama “chinyorwa” chikuru chemaonero edzidziso aIgumnov: “Konstantin Nikolaevich aigona kukanganwira mudzidzi nokuda kwezvinonyorwa zvenhema, asi akanga asingakanganwiri uye aisagona kumira mirangariro yenhema.”

… Achitaura nezvemumwe wemisangano yake yekupedzisira naIgumnov, mudzidzi wake Purofesa K. Adzhemov akayeuka: “Manheru iwayo zvakaratidzika kwandiri kuti KN yakanga isina hutano. Pamusoro pezvo, akati vana chiremba havana kumubvumira kutamba. “Asi chii chiri revo youpenyu hwangu? Play…”

Lit.: Rabinovich D. Mifananidzo yevanoridza piyano. M., 1970; Milshtein I, Konstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov. M., 1975.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.