Alexey Machavariani |

Alexey Machavariani

Machavariani muimbi wenyika zvinoshamisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, ine pfungwa yakapinza yemazuva ano. … Machavariani anekwaniso yekuwana organic fusion yeruzivo rwemimhanzi yenyika nekunze. K. Karaev

A. Machavariani mumwe wevanyori vakuru veGeorgia. Kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi republic kwakabatana zvisingaite nezita remuimbi uyu. Mubasa rake, kukudzwa uye kunaka kukuru kwepolyphony yevanhu, nziyo dzekare dzechiGeorgian uye kupinza, kukurumidza kwemaitiro emazuva ano ekutaura kwemimhanzi zvakabatanidzwa.

Machavariani akaberekerwa muGori. Heino yakakurumbira Gori Teachers 'Seminary, iyo yakaita basa rinokosha mukusimudzirwa kwedzidzo muTranscaucasia (vanyori U. Gadzhibekov naM. Magomayev vakadzidza ikoko). Kubva paudiki, Machavariani akange akakomberedzwa nemimhanzi yevanhu uye nehunhu hwakanaka. Muimba yababa vemunyori weramangwana, uyo akatungamirira kwaya yeamateur, vakangwara veGori vakaungana, nziyo dzevanhu dzakarira.

Muna 1936, Machavariani akapedza kudzidza kuTbilisi State Conservatory mukirasi yaP. Ryazanov, uye muna 1940, akapedza zvidzidzo zvake zvepashure pechikoro achitungamirirwa nouyu mudzidzisi anoshamisa. Muna 1939, yekutanga symphonic inoshanda naMachavariani yakaonekwa - nhetembo "Oak uye Mosquitoes" uye nhetembo ine kwaya "Gorian Mifananidzo".

Makore mashomanana gare gare, munyori wenziyo akanyora konzati yepiyano (1944), iyo D. Shostakovich akati nezvayo: “Munyori wayo muimbi wechiduku uye pasina mubvunzo ane chipo. Ane ake ega ega ega ekugadzira, maitiro emunyori wake. Opera Amai neMwanakomana (1945, yakabva munhetembo yezita rimwechete naI. Chavchavadze) yakava mhinduro kune zviitiko zveGreat Patriotic War. Gare gare, munyori wacho aizonyora nhetembo inonzi Arsen yevanoimba uye kwaya cappella (1946), First Symphony (1947) uye nhetembo yeorchestra nekwaya Parufu rweGamba (1948).

Muna 1950, Machavariani akagadzira iyo lyrical-romantic Violin Concerto, iyo yakabva yanyatsopinda murepertoire yevatambi veSoviet nevekunze.

Iyo majestic oratorio "Zuva Renyika Yangu Mai" (1952) inoimba nezvebasa rerunyararo, kunaka kwenyika yekuzvarwa. Iyi kutenderera kwemifananidzo yemumhanzi, yakazadzwa nezvinhu zverudzi rwe symphonism, yakavakirwa pamhando dzenziyo dzechivanhu, dzakashandurwa kuita mweya werudo. Iyo yekufananidzira yekumisikidza forogo, rudzi rweepigraph yeoratorio, ndiyo lyric-nyika chikamu 1, inonzi "Morning of my Motherland".

Dingindira rerunako rwechisikigo rakaiswawo mukamuri yekamuri-zviridzwa zveMachavariani: mumutambo "Khorumi" (1949) uye mune yeballad "Bazalet Lake" (1951) yepiyano, mune zvidhori zvidiki "Doluri", "Lazuri. ” (1962). "Imwe yemabasa anoshamisa emimhanzi yeGeorgian" inonzi K. Karaev Mashanu monologues ye baritone uye orchestra paSt. V. Pshavela (1968).

Nzvimbo inokosha mubasa reMachavariani inobatwa neballet Othello (1957), yakarongwa naV. Chabukiani padanho reTbilisi State Academic Opera uye Ballet Theatre mugore rimwe chete. A. Khachaturian akanyora kuti mu "Othello" Machavariani "anozvizivisa aine zvombo zvakakwana semunyori, anofunga, mugari." Mumhanzi dramaturgy yeiyi choreographic drama yakavakirwa pane yakakura sisitimu ye leitmotifs, iyo inoshandurwa symphonically mukuita kwekusimudzira. Kubatanidza mifananidzo yebasa raW. Shakespeare, Machavariani anotaura mutauro wenyika yemimhanzi uye panguva imwechete inodarika miganhu yekubatana kwe ethnographic. Mufananidzo waOthello muballet wakatoti siyanei nekunyorwa kwezvinyorwa. Machavariani akamuunza padyo sezvinobvira kumufananidzo weDesdemona - chiratidzo chekunaka, chimiro chehukadzi, kubatanidza mavara evanonyanya kutaurwa nenzira yerwiyo uye inoratidzira. Muimbi wacho anotaurawo Shakespeare mune opera Hamlet (1974). "Munhu anogona chete kugodora ushingi hwakadaro maererano nemabasa emhando yepamusoro yenyika," akanyora kudaro K. Karaev.

Chiitiko chakatanhamara mutsika yemimhanzi yerepublic yaive ballet "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" (1974) yakavakirwa padetembo raS. Rustaveli. A. Machavariani anoti, “Pandaiita basa racho, ndakanakidzwa chaizvo. - "Nhetembo yeRustaveli huru mupiro unodhura kuhupfumi hwemweya yevanhu veGeorgia," kudana kwedu uye mureza ", mumashoko emudetembi." Uchishandisa nzira dzemazuva ano dzekutaura kwemimhanzi (serial technique, polyharmonic musanganiswa, yakaoma modal formations), Machavariani pakutanga anosanganisa hunyanzvi hwekusimudzira polyphonic neGeorgian folk polyphony.

Kuma80s. munyori ari kushanda. Anonyora yechitatu, yechina ("Yechidiki"), yechishanu uye yechitanhatu symphonies, iyo ballet "The Taming of the Shrew", iyo, pamwe chete neballet "Othello" uye opera "Hamlet", yakaumba Shakespearean triptych. Munguva yemberi iri pedyo - Seventh Symphony, ballet "Pirosmani".

"Muimbi wechokwadi anogara ari munzira. … Kugadzira ibasa uye mufaro, mufaro usingaenzaniswi wenyanzvi. Muimbi anoshamisa weSoviet Alexei Davidovich Machavariani anewo mufaro uyu” (K. Karaev).

N. Aleksenko