André Jolivet |

André Jolivet

Ndinoda kudzorera mimhanzi kune zvayaireva kare kare, payaiva kuratidzwa kwemashiripiti uye incantatory musimboti wechitendero chinobatanidza vanhu. A. Zholyve

Munyori wenziyo wechiFrench wemazuva ano A. Jolivet akataura kuti anoedza kuva “murume chaiyeiye wepasi pose, munhu wemuchadenga.” Aibata mimhanzi sesimba remashiripiti rinobata vanhu nemashiripiti. Kuti uwedzere kuita uku, Jolivet aigara achitsvaga asina kujairika timbre musanganiswa. Aya anogona kunge ari ekunze maitiro uye rhythm dzevanhu veAfrica, Asia neOceania, sonorous mhedzisiro (apo ruzha ruchikanganisa ruvara rwayo pasina musiyano wakajeka pakati pematoni ega) uye mamwe maitiro.

Zita raJolivet rakaonekwa pamhanzi pakati pemakore makumi matatu, paakatamba senhengo yeboka reYoung France (30), raisanganisirawo O. Messiaen, I. Baudrier naD. Lesure. Vanyori ava vakadaidzira kusikwa kwe "mimhanzi mhenyu" izere ne "kudziya kwemweya", vakarota nezve "tsva yehumanism" uye "itsva romanticism" (iyo yaive rudzi rwekuita kune kunakidzwa ne constructivism muma1936s). Muna 20, nzanga yacho yakaparadzana, uye mumwe nomumwe wemitezo yayo akaenda nenzira yake, achiramba akatendeka kuzvinangwa zvepwere. Jolivet akaberekerwa mumhuri yemimhanzi (amai vake vaiva pianist akanaka). Akadzidza zvekutanga zvekuumbwa naP. Le Flem, uyezve - naE. Varèse (1939-1929) muchiridzwa. Kubva kuna Varèse, tateguru wesonor uye mimhanzi yemagetsi, Jolivet's penchant yekuyedza ruzha rwemavara mune zvakawanda. Pakutanga kwebasa rake semuimbi, Jolivet aive mukubata nepfungwa ye "kuziva hunhu hwe" incantatory magic "emimhanzi." Izvi ndizvo zvakaita kutenderera kwepiyano zvidimbu "Mana" (33). Izwi rekuti "mana" mune imwe yemitauro yeAfrica rinoreva simba risinganzwisisike rinogara muzvinhu. Mutsara uyu wakaenderera mberi ne "Incantations" yenyere solo, "Ritual Dances" yeorchestra, "Symphony of Dances uye Delphic Suite" yendarira, Martenot mafungu, rudimbwa uye percussion. Jolivet aiwanzoshandisa mafungu eMartenot - akagadzirwa muma1935s. chiridzwa chemagetsi chinoridza chakatsetseka, semanzwi asiri epasi.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Jolivet akaunganidzwa uye akapedza rinenge gore nehafu muchiuto. Maonero enguva yehondo akaguma ne "Zvichemo zvitatu zvemusoja" - basa reimba yekamuri pamadetembo ake (Jolivet aive netarenda rakanaka rekunyora uye akatozeza muhuduku hwake izvo zvehunyanzvi hwekupa zvaanoda). 40s - nguva yekuchinja mumutauro weJolivet. Yekutanga Piano Sonata (1945), yakatsaurirwa kumunyori weHungary B. Bartok, inosiyana nekutanga "zviperengo" musimba uye kujeka kwemutinhimira. Denderedzwa remhando dziri kuwedzera pano uye opera ("Dolores, kana Chishamiso cheMukadzi Akashata"), uye 4 ballets. Akanakisisa wavo, "Guignol naPandora" (1944), anomutsa mweya wekutamba kwepapeti. Jolivet anonyora 3 symphonies, orchestral suites ("Transoceanic" uye "French"), asi rudzi rwake rwaanofarira mu40-60s. yaiva konzati. Rondedzero yezviridzwa zvega mumakonsati eJolivet chete inotaura nezvekutsvaga kusinganeti kwetimbre kutaura. Jolivet akanyora concerto yake yekutanga yemafungu naMartenot uye orchestra (1947). Izvi zvakateverwa nemakonzati ehwamanda (2), nyere, piyano, rudimbwa, bassoon, cello (Yechipiri Cello Concerto yakatsaurirwa kuna M. Rostropovich). Kunotova nekonzati uko zviridzwa zvinoridzwa zvoga! MuConcerto Yechipiri yehwamanda uye orchestra, kuimba kwejazz kunonzwika, uye mukonzati yepiyano, pamwe chete nejazz, maungira emimhanzi yeAfrica nePolynesia inonzwika. Vaimbi vakawanda vechiFrench (C. Debussy, A. Roussel, O. Messiaen) vaitarira kutsika dzechienzi. Asi hazvigoneke kuti chero munhu anogona kuenzanisa naJolivet mukugara kwekufarira uku, zvinokwanisika kumudaidza kuti "Gauguin mumhanzi."

Mabasa aJolivet semuimbi akasiyana zvakanyanya. Kwenguva refu (1945-59) akanga ari mutungamiriri wemimhanzi weParis theatre Comedie Francaise; mumakore akagadzira mimhanzi yemitambo ye13 (pakati pavo "The Imaginary Sick" naJB Moliere, "Iphigenia muAulis" naEuripides). Sezvo kondakita, Jolivet akaita munyika dzakawanda dzepasi uye kakawanda akashanyira USSR. Tarenda yake yekunyora yakazviratidza mubhuku pamusoro peL. Beethoven (1955); achigara achiedza kutaurirana neruzhinji, Jolivet akashanda semudzidzisi uye mutori wenhau, aive mupi wezano mukuru wenyaya dzemimhanzi kuFrance Ministry of Culture.

Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Jolivet akazvipira kune pedagogy. Kubva 1966 uye kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake, munyori ane chinzvimbo chepurofesa paParis Conservatory, kwaanodzidzisa kirasi yekunyora.

Achitaura nezvemumhanzi nemashiripiti aanoita, Jolivet anotarisa pakukurukurirana, pfungwa yekubatana pakati pevanhu nenyika yese: “Mimhanzi inonyanya kuita yekutaurirana… Kukurukurirana pakati pemunyori nemasikirwo… panguva yekugadzira basa, uyezve. kutaurirana pakati pemunyori neruzhinji panguva yekuitwa kunoshanda". Muimbi akakwanisa kuwana kubatana kwakadaro mune rimwe remabasa ake makuru - oratorio "Chokwadi pamusoro paJeanne". Yakaitwa kekutanga muna 1956 (makore 500 mushure mekutongwa kwakasunungura Joan weArc) munyika yekumusha kwe heroine - mumusha weDomremy. Jolivet akashandisa zvinyorwa zvezvirongwa zveichi chiitiko, pamwe nenhetembo dzevadetembi vekare (kusanganisira Charles weOrleans). Oratorio yakaitwa kwete muhoro yemakonti, asi mumhepo yakashama, pamberi pezviuru zvevanhu.

K. Zenkin