Josken Depre (Josken Depre) |

Josquin Depret

Josquin Despres mumiriri akatanhamara weDutch chikoro chepolyphonists. Nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwake haina kutsanangurwa zvine chokwadi. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanomutora seFlemish, kunyange zvazvo mune zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvezana remakore rechi1459. Josquin anonzi French. Hapana mashoko akavimbika akachengetedzwa pamusoro pevadzidzisi vemunyori. Zvingangodaro, mumwe wavo akanga ari mukuru I. Okegem. Uchapupu hwekutanga hwezvinyorwa zvehupenyu hwaJosquin, hunotaura nezvake semuimbi weMilan Cathedral, hunoreva 1459 chete. Akashanda muMilan Cathedral nekuzorora kwenguva pfupi kubva 1472 kusvika 1486. ​​Akanga ariwo padare reimba. ane simba Cardinal Ascanio Sforza. Inotevera yakanyorwa zvakanaka kutaurwa nezvaJosquin ari mumakumi matanhatu, paakanga ari muimbi wekwaya muchechi yepapa muRoma. Pazera remakumi manomwe, Josquin anodzokera kuFrance. Muimbi ane mukurumbira wemumhanzi wezana ramakore rechi 60. Glarean anotaura nyaya iyo pamwe inosimbisa kubatana kwaJosquin kudare raLouis XII. Mambo akarayira muumbi mutambo wepolyphonic nemamiriro ekuti iye pachake, semuimbi, anotora chikamu mukuita kwayo kwekanguva. Mambo aive nezwi risingakoshi (uye pamwe nekunzwa), saka Josquin akanyora chikamu chetenor, chaisanganisira ... Ichokwadi kana kwete, iyi nyaya, chero ipi zvayo, inopupurira chiremera chikuru chaJosquin pakati pevaimbi vane unyanzvi uye pakati pemakwikwi epamusoro-soro evanhu venyika.

Muna 1502, Josquin anopinda mubasa reDuke weFerrara. (Zvinoda kuziva kuti muchinda uyu, achitsvaga mukuru wechechi yake yedare, akazengurira kwenguva yakati pakati paG. Izak naJosquin, asi zvisinei akaita sarudzo achifarira vepashure.) Zvisinei, gore rakatevera Josquin akamanikidzwa kuita sarudzo. siya nzvimbo yakanakira. Kuenda kwake kamwe kamwe kwakakonzerwa nokumuka kwedenda muna 1503. Mutongi wedare nedare rake, pamwe chete nezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevagari vomuguta racho, vakabva muFerrara. Nzvimbo yaJosquin yakatorwa naJ. Obrecht, uyo akabatwa nedenda pakutanga kwa1505.

Josquin akapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake muguta rekuchamhembe kweFrance reConde-sur-l'Escaut, kwaakashanda serector wechechi yeko. Mabasa enguva ino anoratidza kubatana kwaJosquin neDutch polyphonic chikoro.

Josquin aive mumwe wevanyori vakuru vekupedzisira Renaissance. Munhaka yake yekusika, nzvimbo huru inopiwa kumhando dzemweya: 18 masasi (anonyanya kuzivikanwa "Murume Akashonga", "Pange lingua" uye "Misa yeMhandara Yakaropafadzwa"), anopfuura makumi manomwe motets uye mamwe madiki mafomu. Josquin akabudirira mumubatanidzwa wehupenyu hwekudzika uye huzivi hwepfungwa nehunyanzvi hwekuita zvekuimba. Pamwe chete nemabasa emweya, akanyorawo mumhando yenziyo dzepolyphonic dzenyika (kunyanya pamagwaro echiFrench - iyo inonzi chanson). Muchikamu chino chenhaka yake yekusika, munyori anouya pedyo nemhando yemavambo emimhanzi yehunyanzvi, kazhinji achivimba nenziyo dzevanhu uye kutamba.

Josquin akazivikanwa kare munguva yehupenyu hwake. Mukurumbira wake hauna kupera kunyangwe muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Akarumbidzwa nevanyori vakatanhamara vakadai saB. Castiglione, P. Ronsard naF. Rabelais. Josquin akanga ari munyori aifarirwa zvikuru naM. Luther, uyo akanyora nezvake, kuti: “Josquin anoita kuti zvinonyorwa zvitaure zvaanoda. Vamwe vanyori, pane kudaro, vanomanikidzwa kuita izvo zvinonyorwa kwavari.

S. Lebedev