Vissarion Yakovlevich Shebalin |

Vissarion Shebalin

Munhu mumwe nomumwe anofanira kuva mugadziri, uye Motherland inofanira kuva temberi yake. V. Shebalin

MuV. Shebalin the Artist, the Master, the Citizen vane hukama husingaenzaniswi. Kutendeseka kwechimiro chake uye kukwezva kwechitarisiko chake chekusika, kuzvininipisa, kuterera, kusabvumirana kunocherechedzwa nemunhu wese aiziva Shebhalin uye akambotaura naye. “Aive munhu anoshamisa zvinoshamisa. Mutsa wake, kutendeseka, kuomerera kunoshamisa kunheyo kwagara kuchindifadza,” akanyora kudaro D. Shostakovich. Shebalin aifarira zvemazuva ano. Akapinda munyika yehunyanzvi nechishuwo chekugadzira mabasa anoenderana nenguva yaakararama uye akaona zviitiko zvaaive. Madingindira ezvinyorwa zvake anomira pachena pakukoshera kwawo, kukosha kwawo uye kukosha kwawo. Asi hukuru hwavo hahuperi kuseri kwekuzara kwavo kwakadzama kwemukati uye simba rehunhu rekutaura, risingagoni kuburitswa nekunze, mhedzisiro yemifananidzo. Zvinoda moyo wakachena uye mweya une rupo.

Shebalin akaberekerwa mumhuri yevakangwara. Muna 1921, akapinda muOmsk Musical College mukirasi yaM. Nevitov (mudzidzi weR. Gliere), kubva kwaari, achidzokorora nhamba huru yezvinyorwa nevanyori vakasiyana-siyana, akatanga kuziva mabasa aN. Myaskovsky . Vakafadza murume wechidiki zvokuti akazvisarudzira pachake: mune ramangwana, ramba uchidzidza chete naMyaskovsky. Ichi chishuvo chakazadzikwa muna 1923, apo, pashure pokupedza kufunda pakoreji nguva isati yarongwa, Shebalin akasvika muMoscow ndokugamuchirwa kuMoscow Conservatory. Panguva ino, mukwende wekugadzira wemuimbi wechidiki waisanganisira nziyo dzinoverengeka dzeorchestra, nhamba yezvipenga zvepiyano, rudo kune nhetembo naR. Demel, A. Akhmatova, Sappho, kutanga kweQuartet Yekutanga, nezvimwewo. Semudzidzi wegore rechipiri Conservatory, akanyora yake First Symphony (2) . Uye kunyange zvazvo pasina mubvunzo ichiri kuratidza pesvedzero yaMyaskovsky, uyo, sekuyeuka kwaShebalin gare gare, "akatarisa mumuromo make" uye akamubata se "munhu wepamusoro", zvisinei, kujeka kwekusika kwemunyori, uye. chido chake chekufunga akazvimirira. Mutambo wacho wakagamuchirwa noushamwari muLeningrad muna November 1925 uye wakagamuchira mhinduro yakanaka zvikuru kubva kumapepanhau. Mwedzi mishoma gare gare, B. Asafiev akanyora mujenari "Music and Revolution": "... Shebalin pasina mubvunzo tarenda rakasimba uye rakasimba-rinoda ... Uyu muti wemuouki mudiki wakabatirira zvakasimba midzi yawo muvhu. Achatendeuka, otambanudzira uye achaimba rwiyo rune simba uye rwomufaro rwoupenyu.

Mashoko aya akabva aita chiprofita. Shebalin ari kunyatso kuwana simba gore negore, hunyanzvi hwake uye hunyanzvi huri kukura. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory (1928), akava mumwe wevadzidzi vake vekutanga vakapedza kudzidza, uye akakokwawo kudzidzisa. Kubva 1935 ave ari purofesa panguva Conservatory, uye kubvira 1942 ave mutungamiriri wayo. Mabasa akanyorwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana anooneka imwe pashure peimwe: dramatic symphony "Lenin" (yemuverengi, soloists, choir uye orchestra), iro ndiro basa guru rekutanga rakanyorwa kune mavhesi aV. Mayakovsky, 5 symphonies, kamuri dzakawanda. ensembles yezviridzwa, kusanganisira 9 quartets, 2 operas ("Kudzora kweShrew" uye "Zuva pamusoro peSteppe"), 2 ballets ("Lark", "Memories of Days Past"), iyo operetta "Muroori kubva the Embassy”, 2 cantatas, 3 orchestral suites, anopfuura makumi manomwe ekwaya, dzinenge 70 nziyo nerudo, mimhanzi yeredhiyo, mafirimu (80), mitambo yemitambo (22).

Mhando dzakadaro dzakasiyana-siyana, kufukidzwa kwakafara kwakajairwa kuShebhalin. Akadzokorora adzokororazve kuvadzidzi vake, kuti: “Murimbi anofanira kukwanisa kuita chinhu chiri chose.” Mashoko akadaro pasina panikiro aigona kutaurwa bedzi nomumwe munhu ainyatsoziva zvakavanzika zvose zvokunyora mifananidzo uye aigona kushanda somuenzaniso wakakodzera wokutevedzera. Zvisinei, nokuda kwekunyara kwake kunoshamisa uye kuzvininipisa, Vissarion Yakovlevich, paaidzidza nevadzidzi, anenge asina kumbotaura nezvezvinyorwa zvake. Kunyangwe paakakorokotedzwa nekubudirira kwekuita kweichi kana basa iro, akaedza kutsausa nhaurirano parutivi. Saka, kurumbidza pamusoro pekubudirira kwekugadzirwa kweopera yake The Taming of the Shrew, Shebalin, achinyara uye sokunge anozvipembedza, akapindura kuti: "Pane ...

Rondedzero yevadzidzi vake (akadzidzisawo kuumbwa paCentral Music School uye pachikoro paMoscow Conservatory) inonakidza kwete chete muhuwandu, asiwo mukuumbwa: T. Khrennikov. A. Spadavekkia, T. Nikolaeva, K. Khachaturyan, A. Pakhmutova, S. Slonimsky, B. Tchaikovsky, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov, A. Nikolaev, R. Ledenev, N. Karetnikov, V. Agafonnikov, V. Kuchera (Czechoslovakia), L. Auster, V. Enke (Estonia) nevamwe. Vose zvavo vakabatanidzwa nerudo uye ruremekedzo rukuru kune mudzidzisi - murume ane ruzivo rweencyclopedic uye unyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana, uyo hapana chakanga chisingagoneki zvechokwadi. Ainyatsoziva nhetembo nemabhuku, akazvinyora nhetembo, ainyatsoziva hunyanzvi, aitaura chiLatin, chiFrench, chiGerman uye aishandisa shanduro dzake (somuenzaniso, nhetembo dzaH. Heine). Aikurukurirana uye aiva noushamwari nevanhu vakawanda vakakurumbira venguva yake: naV. Mayakovsky, E. Bagritsky, N. Aseev, M. Svetlov, M. Bulgakov, A. Fadeev, Vs. Meyerhold, O. Knipper-Chekhova, V. Stanitsyn, N. Khmelev, S. Eisenstein, Ya. Protazanov nevamwe.

Shebalin akaita mupiro mukuru mukusimudzira tsika dzetsika dzenyika. Kuongorora kwakadzama, kwakadzikama kwemabasa echiRussian classics naye kwakamubvumira kuita basa rakakosha pakudzoreredza, kupedzisa uye kugadzirisa mabasa mazhinji naM. Glinka (Symphony pa2 Russian madingindira, Septet, maekisesaizi ezwi, nezvimwewo) , M. Mussorgsky ("Sorochinsky Fair") , S. Gulak-Artemovsky (II chiito che opera "Zaporozhets mhiri kweDanube"), P. Tchaikovsky, S. Taneyev.

Basa rekusika uye rekugarisana kwemunyori rakaratidzwa nepamusoro mibairo yehurumende. Muna 1948, Shebalin akagamuchira dhipuroma richimupa zita rePeople's Artist of the Republic, uye gore rimwe chetero rakava gore remiedzo yakaoma kwaari. MuChirevo chaFebruary cheCentral Committee yeAll-Union Communist Party yeBolsheviks "On the opera" Great Friendship "" naV. Muradeli, basa rake, sebasa revamwe vake uye vaaishanda navo - Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky, Khachaturian. , akatsoropodzwa zvakasimba uye zvisina kururama. Uye kunyange makore gumi gare gare yakarambwa, panguva iyoyo Shebhalin akabviswa pautungamiri hweConservatory uye kunyange kubva pakudzidzisa. Tsigiro yakabva kuInstitute of Military Conductors, uko Shebalin akatanga kudzidzisa ndokuzotungamira Dhipatimendi reMumhanzi Theory. Pashure pemakore matatu, pakukoka mutungamiriri mutsva weConservatory A. Sveshnikov, akadzokera kuprofessorship yeConservatory. Zvisinei, kupomerwa kusina kukodzera uye ronda rakakonzerwa zvakakanganisa mamiriro ehutano: kukura kweBP kwakatungamirira kukurohwa uye kuoma mitezo yeruoko rworudyi ... Asi akadzidza kunyora neruoko rwake rworuboshwe. Muimbi anopedzisa opera rakambotangwa The Taming of the Shrew - chimwe chezvaakasika zvakanakisisa - uye anogadzira akati wandei mamwe mabasa anoshamisa. Aya ndiwo sonatas eviolin, viola, cello uye piyano, Eighth neNinth Quartets, pamwe chete neFifth Symphony yakaisvonaka, iyo mimhanzi iyo zvechokwadi "rwiyo rune simba uye runofadza rwehupenyu" uye inosiyaniswa kwete chete nekupenya kwayo kunokosha. , chiedza, chisikwa, chinosimbisa hupenyu kutanga, asiwo nekureruka kunoshamisa kwekutaura, kureruka uye zvisikwa izvo zvinowanikwa chete mumienzaniso yepamusoro-soro yekugadzira unyanzvi.

N. Simakova