Kuita kwepiyano: nhoroondo pfupi yenyaya

Nhoroondo yekuridza mimhanzi yeunyanzvi yakatanga mumazuva iwayo apo mimhanzi yekutanga yakanyorwa mumanotsi yakaonekwa. Kuita mhedzisiro yemaitiro maviri emunyori, anoratidza pfungwa dzake kuburikidza nemimhanzi, uye mutambi, uyo anounza zvisikwa zvemunyori kuhupenyu.

Maitiro ekuita mimhanzi azere nezvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika. Mukududzirwa kwemimhanzi chero ipi zvayo, maitiro maviri ishamwari uye anokwikwidzana: chido chekutaura kwakachena kwemafungiro emunyori uye chido chekuzviratidza kwakakwana kwemutambi wevirtuoso. Kukunda kweimwe tsika zvinotungamira mukukundwa kwezvose zviri zviviri - gangaidzo rakadaro!

Ngatitorei rwendo rwunonakidza munhoroondo yekuridza piyano nepiyano uye tiedze kutsvaga kuti munyori nemutambi vakadyidzana sei mukati menguva nemazana emakore.

XVII-XVIII mazana emakore: Baroque uye yekutanga classicism

Munguva dzaBach, Scarlatti, Couperin, naHandel, hukama pakati pemuiti nemuimbi hwaive hunenge hunyori hwekubatana. Muiti wacho aiva nerusununguko rusina muganhu. Runyoro rwemumhanzi rwaigona kuwedzerwa nemhando dzese dze melismas, fermatas, uye akasiyana. Iyo harpsichord ine zvinyorwa zviviri zvakashandiswa zvisina tsitsi. Iyo mitsetse yebass mitsetse uye rwiyo rwakashandurwa sezvaidiwa. Kusimudza kana kudzikisa ichi kana kuti chikamu neoctave yaive nyaya yenguva dzose.

Vanyori, vachivimba nekunaka kwemuturikiri, havana kana kunetseka kunyora. Sezvo vakasaina nedhijitari bass, ivo vakapa kuumbwa kune kuda kwemuiti. Tsika yemahara prelude ichiri kugara mumaungira mune virtuoso cadenzas echinyakare concerto yezviridzwa zvega. Ukama hwakadaro hwakasununguka pakati pemunyori nemuiti kusvika nhasi hunosiya chakavanzika chemumhanzi weBaroque chisina kugadziriswa.

Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi18

Kubudirira mukuita kwepiyano kwaive kutaridzika kwepiyano huru. Nekuuya kwa“mambo wezviridzwa zvose,” nhambo ye<em>virtuoso style yakatanga.

L. Beethoven akaunza simba rose nesimba reunyanzvi hwake pachiridzwa. Muimbi's 32 sonatas ndeyechokwadi shanduko yepiyano. Kana Mozart naHaydn vachiri kunzwa zviridzwa zveochestra uye operatic coloraturas mupiyano, ipapo Beethoven akanzwa piyano. Aive Beethoven aida piano yake kuti inzwike sekuda kwaBeethoven. Nuances uye dynamic shades zvakaonekwa mune zvinyorwa, zvakaratidzwa neruoko rwemunyori.

Pakasvika ma1820, boka renyeredzi revatambi rakanga ravapo, vakadai saF. Kalkbrenner, D. Steibelt, uyo, paairidza piyano, aikoshesa unhu hwakanaka, kuvhundutsa, uye kunakidzwa kupfuura zvimwe zvose. Kutinhira kwemhando dzose dzezviridzwa, mumaonero avo, ndicho chaiva chinhu chikuru. Kuzviratidzira, makwikwi e virtuosos akarongwa. F. Liszt akatumidza vatambi vakadaro zvakakodzera kuti “ukama hwevatambi vepiyano.”

Romantic 19th century

Muzana ramakore rechi 19, hunhu husina maturo hwakapa nzira kukuratidzira kworudo. Vaimbi nevaimbi panguva imwe chete: Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Liszt, Berlioz, Grieg, Saint-Saens, Brahms - vakaunza mimhanzi kune imwe nhanho. Piyano yakava nzira yekureurura mweya. Manzwiro airatidzwa kuburikidza nemimhanzi akanyorwa zvakadzama, zvine hungwaru uye nekuzvipira. Manzwiro akadaro akatanga kuda kunyatsobatwa. Runyoro rwemumhanzi rwaita kunge shrine.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, hunyanzvi hwekugona chinyorwa chemumhanzi uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa manotsi hwakaonekwa. Vaimbi vakawanda vaizviona sebasa uye ibasa rinokudzwa kuronga mabasa enyanzvi dzomunguva dzakapfuura. Yakanga iri kuvonga kuna F. Mendelssohn kuti nyika yakadzidza zita raJS Bach.

Zana remakore rechi20 izana remakore rekubudirira kukuru

Muzana remakore rechi20, vanyori vakashandura maitiro ekuita kunamatwa kusina mubvunzo kwezvinyorwa zvemimhanzi uye chinangwa chemunyori. Ravel, Stravinsky, Medtner, Debussy haana kungodhinda zvakadzama chero nuance mune zvibodzwa, asi zvakare akaburitsa zvirevo zvekutyisidzira mumagazini nezvevasina kutendeseka vakakanganisa zvinyorwa zvikuru zvemunyori. Ivowo, vaimbi vakapopotera nehasha vachiti kududzira hakugoni kuva chinhu chakaoma, uku ndiko unyanzvi!

Nhoroondo yekushanda kwepiyano yakasangana zvikuru, asi mazita akadai saS. Richter, K. Igumnov, G. Ginzburg, G. Neuhaus, M. Yudina, L. Oborin, M. Pletnev, D. Matsuev nevamwe vakaratidza ne kusika kwavo kuti pakati Hakugoni kuva nemakwikwi pakati pemunyori nomuiti. Ose ari maviri anoshumira chinhu chimwe - Her Majness Music.