George Enescu |

George Enescu

“Handizezi kumuisa mumutsara wekutanga wevaimbi venguva yedu… vaimbi vaya vandinoziva. Enescu akanga ari aishandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana, achisvika pakukwana kwepamusoro muzvisikwa zvake. Chiremerera chake semunhu, kuzvininipisa kwake uye simba rake retsika zvakamutsa kuyemurwa mandiri ... ”Mumashoko aya aP. Casals, mufananidzo wakarurama waJ. Enescu, muimbi anoshamisa, wekirasi yechikoro chevanyori vekuRomania, unopiwa.

Enescu akaberekwa uye akapedza makore 7 okutanga oupenyu hwake ari kumaruwa kuchamhembe kweMoldova. Mifananidzo yezvakasikwa uye hupenyu hwevarombo, mazororo ekumaruwa ane nziyo nekutamba, kurira kwekuita, mabharadhi, nziyo dzechiridzwa zvechinyakare zvakapinda mupfungwa dzemwana anobatika. Kunyange zvakadaro, hwaro hwekutanga hwemaonero enyika iyoyo dzakaiswa, izvo zvaizoita sarudzo kune zvese zvehunhu hwake hwekusika nebasa.

Enescu akadzidziswa kumaviri ekare eEuropean conservatories - Vienna, uko muna 1888-93. akadzidza seviolinist, uye Parisian - pano muna 1894-99. akavandudza mukirasi yemuimbi weviolin akakurumbira uye mudzidzisi M. Marsik uye akadzidza kuumbwa nevatenzi vakuru vaviri - J. Massenet, ipapo G. Fauré.

Chipo chine hunyanzvi uye chinogoneka chemudiki weRomania, uyo akapedza kudzidza kubva kune ese ari maviri ane misiyano yepamusoro (muVienna - menduru, muParis - iyo Grand Prix), yaigara ichicherechedzwa nevadzidzisi vake. "Mwanakomana wako achaunza mbiri huru kwauri, uye kuhunyanzvi hwedu, uye kunyika yake," Mason akanyorera baba vaGeorge ane makore gumi nemana. “Kushanda nesimba, kufunga. Ane chipo chakasarudzika, ”akadaro Faure.

Enescu akatanga basa rake semutambo weviolinist pazera remakore 9, paakatanga kuita konzati yerudo munyika yake; panguva imwecheteyo, mhinduro yekutanga yakaonekwa: chinyorwa chepepanhau "Romanian Mozart". Enescu yekutanga semunyori yakaitika muParis: muna 1898, E. Colone ane mukurumbira akaita opus yake yekutanga, The Romanian Poem. Nhetembo inopenya, yepwere yerudo yakaunza munyori kubudirira kukuru nevateereri vane hunyanzvi, uye kuzivikanwa mumapepanhau, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, pakati pevaanoshanda navo.

Nguva pfupi yapfuura, munyori wechidiki anopa "Nhetembo" pasi pekutungamira kwake muBucharest Ateneum, iyo inozoona akawanda ekukunda kwake. Ndiko kwaiva kutanga kwake ari kondakita, uyewo kuzivana kwokutanga kwehama dzake naEnescu munyori.

Kunyange zvazvo hupenyu hwemuimbi wekonzati hwakamanikidza Enescu kuti ave kazhinji uye kwenguva yakareba kunze kwenyika yake yekuzvarwa, akaita zvinoshamisa zvikuru kune tsika yemimhanzi yeRomania. Enescu aiva pakati pevakatanga uye varongi vezviitiko zvakawanda zvinokosha munyika, zvakadai sokuvhurwa kweimba yeopera yekusingaperi muBucharest, nheyo yeSosaiti yeRomanian Composers (1920) - akava mutungamiri wayo wekutanga; Enescu akagadzira symphony orchestra muIasi, pahwaro hweiyo philharmonic yakabva yasimuka.

Kubudirira kwechikoro chenyika chevanyori ndiyo yaiva nyaya yaainyanya kunetseka nayo. Muna 1913-46. aigara achibvisa mari pamari yekonzati yake yekupa vanyori vechidiki, pakanga pasina muimbi ane tarenda munyika aisazova mubairo wemubairo uyu. Enescu yakatsigira vaimbi nemari, mutsika, uye nounyanzvi. Mukati mamakore ehondo dzose dziri mbiri, haana kufamba kunze kwenyika, achiti: “Apo nyika yokumusha kwangu inotambura, handigoni kuisiya.” Nehunyanzvi hwake, muimbi uyu akaunza nyaradzo kuvanhu vaitambura, achiridza muzvipatara nemuhomwe yekubatsira nherera, kubatsira vaimbi vaishaya.

Rutivi rwakanakisa rwekuita kwaEnescu kujekeswa kwemimhanzi. Mumwe mutambi ane mukurumbira, uyo aikwikwidzwa nemazita ehoro dzemakonzati makuru pasi rose, akafamba kakawanda muRomania yose nemakonzati, aiitwa mumaguta nemataundi, achiunza unyanzvi hwepamusoro kuvanhu vaiwanzoshaiswa. MuBucharest, Enescu airidza nemakonsati makuru, kekutanga muRomania akaita mabasa akawanda ekare uye emazuva ano (Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, D. Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony, A. Khachaturian's Violin Concerto).

Enescu aive muimbi wevanhu, maonero ake aive egutsaruzhinji. Akashora hudzvinyiriri uye hondo, akamira panzvimbo inopindirana inopikisa fascist. Haana kuisa hunyanzvi hwake pabasa rehudzvanyiriri hwemonarchist muRomania, akaramba kushanya muGermany neItaly munguva yeNazi. Muna 1944, Enescu akava mumwe wevambi uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi weRomanian-Soviet Friendship Society. Muna 1946, akauya parwendo kuMoscow uye akaita mumakonzati mashanu seviolinist, pianist, conductor, munyori, achipa mutero kune vakakunda.

Kana mukurumbira waEnescu mutambi wakanga uri munyika yose, ipapo basa romunyori wake munguva youpenyu hwake harina kuwana kunzwisisa kwakafanira. Pasinei nokuti mimhanzi yake yaifarirwa zvikuru nenyanzvi, yakanga isinganyanyi kunzwika kuvanhu vose. Chete mushure mekufa kwemuimbi ndiko kukosha kwake kukuru kwakakosheswa sechinyakare uye mukuru wechikoro chenyika chevanyori. Mubasa reEnescu, nzvimbo huru inotorwa nemitsara miviri inotungamira: dingindira renyika yaamai uye kupikisa kwehuzivi hwe "munhu nedombo". Mifananidzo yezvakasikwa, hupenyu hwekumaruwa, mafaro emafaro nemadhanzi anongoerekana aitika, fungidziro nezveramangwana revanhu - zvese izvi zvinosanganisira rudo uye hunyanzvi mumabasa emunyori: "Romanian Poem" (2). 1897 Romanian Rhapsodies (2); Chechipiri (1901) uye Chechitatu (1899) sonatas yeviolin nepiyano (Chechitatu, rimwe remabasa ane mukurumbira emuimbi, rakanzi "mune Romanian folk character"), "Country Suite" yeorchestra (1926), suite for violin uye piano ” Zvinoonekwa zvehudiki "(1938), nezvimwewo.

Kurwisana kwemunhu ane masimba akaipa - zvose zvekunze uye zvakavanzwa mumamiriro ake chaiwo - kunyanya kunetseka nemunyori mumakore ake epakati uye gare gare. Yechipiri (1914) uye Yetatu (1918) symphonies, quartets (Piano Yechipiri - 1944, Yechipiri String - 1951), symphonic nhetembo nekwaya "Kudanwa Kwegungwa" (1951), Enescu's swan rwiyo - Chamber Symphony (1954) vakazvipira. kunyaya iyi. Dingindira iri rakadzama uye rakawanda mu opera Oedipus. Muimbi akafunga nezvedambudziko remumhanzi (pamahara, zvichibva pangano nenjodzi dzaSophocles) "basa rehupenyu hwake", akarinyora kwemakumi emakore anoverengeka (chibodzwa chakapedzwa muna 1931, asi opera yakanyorwa mu clavier muna 1923 ) Pano pfungwa yekuramba kusingawirirane kwemunhu kumasimba akaipa, kukunda kwake pamusoro pekupedzisira kunosimbiswa. Oedipus inoratidzika segamba rakashinga uye rinokudzwa, mudzvinyiriri-murwi. Kutanga kuitirwa muParis muna 1936, opera yakabudirira zvikuru; zvisinei, munyika yemunyori, yakatanga kurongwa chete muna 1958. Oedipus yakazivikanwa seyakanakisa Romanian opera uye yakapinda muEuropean opera classics yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.

Kufananidzirwa kweanopokana "munhu neramangwana" kwaiwanzokurudzirwa nezviitiko chaizvo muRomanian chokwadi. Nokudaro, rwiyo rukuru rweThird Symphony with Chorus (1918) rwakanyorwa mumurangariro wakananga wengwavaira yavanhu muHondo Yenyika Yokutanga; inoratidza mifananidzo yekupinda, kuramba, uye magumo ayo anonzwika senge ode kunyika.

Iyo chaiyo yemaitiro eEnescu ndiko kuumbwa kweiyo folk-nyika musimboti netsika dzerudo padyo naye (pesvedzero yaR. Wagner, I. Brahms, S. Frank aive akasimba zvakanyanya) uye nekubudirira kweFrench impressionism, aine iyo yaakava neukama pamusoro pemakore mazhinji ehupenyu hwake muFrance (akadana nyika ino semusha wechipiri). Kwaari, kutanga kwezvose, ngano yeRomania yakanga iri chimiro chenyika, iyo Enescu yaiziva zvakadzama uye zvakakwana, yakakosheswa zvikuru uye yaidiwa, tichifunga kuti ndiyo nheyo yeunyanzvi hwose hwekugadzira: "Nhau yedu haisi yakanaka chete. Iye idura rouchenjeri hwavanhu.

Nheyo dzese dzemaitiro eEnescu dzakadzika midzi mukufunga kwemimhanzi - rwiyo, metro-rhythmic zvimiro, maficha emodal warehouse, kuumbwa.

"Basa rake rinoshamisa rine midzi yaro yose mumhanzi wevanhu," aya mashoko aD. Shostakovich anoratidza zvakakosha zveunyanzvi hwemuimbi weRomanian akakurumbira.

R. Leites

Kune vanhu vasingagone kutaura nezve "violin" kana kuti "ari piano", hunyanzvi hwavo, sekunge, hunokwira "pamusoro" chiridzwa chavanoratidza hunhu hwavo kune nyika, pfungwa uye zviitiko. ; kune vanhu vanowanzova vakamanikana mukati megadziriro yebasa rimwe remimhanzi. Pakati pavo pakanga pana George Enescu, mutambi mukuru we<em>violin weRomania, munyori wenziyo, kondakita, uye mutambi wepiyano. Violin yaiva imwe yemabasa ake makuru mumimhanzi, asi ainyanya kukwezvwa piyano, magadzirirwo, uye kuridza. Uye chokwadi chokuti Enescu mutambi weviolin akafukidza Enescu muridzi wepiyano, munyori wenziyo, kondakita zvimwe ndiko kusaruramisira kukuru kune uyu muimbi ane matarenda akawanda. “Akanga ari muimbi mukuru kwazvo zvokuti ndakatomuitira shanje,” anobvuma kudaro Arthur Rubinstein. Semutungamiri, Enescu yakaita mumaguta makuru enyika uye inofanira kuiswa pakati pevatenzi vakuru venguva yedu.

Kana Enescu mutyairi uye mutambi wepiyano vachiri kupihwa zvakafanira, ipapo basa rake rakaongororwa zvine mwero zvakanyanya, uye iyi yaive njodzi yake, iyo yakasiya chisimbiso chekusuwa uye kusagutsikana muhupenyu hwake hwose.

Enescu kudada kwetsika yemimhanzi yeRomania, muimbi akanyatsobatanidzwa nehunyanzvi hwake hwese nenyika yake; panguva imwe chete, maererano nehuwandu hwemabasa ake uye mupiro waakaita kumumhanzi wenyika yose, kukosha kwake kunopfuura kudarika miganhu yenyika.

Semunhu airidza violin, Enescu aitevedzera. Mukutamba kwake, maitiro echimwe chezvikoro zvakanatswa zveviolin zvekuEurope - chikoro cheFrance - akasanganiswa nehunyanzvi hwekuita kwechiRomanian folk "lautar", yakatorwa kubva paudiki. Nekuda kweiyo synthesis, yakasarudzika, yepakutanga manyorerwo akasikwa ayo akasiyanisa Enescu kubva kune ese maviolinists. Enescu akanga ari mudetembi weviolin, muimbi ane fungidziro dzakapfuma zvikurusa nefungidziro. Haana kutamba, asi akasika pachikuva, achigadzira rudzi rwenhetembo yekuvandudza. Hapana kuita kumwe chete kwakafanana kune imwe, rusununguko rwakakwana rwehunyanzvi rwakamubvumira kuti achinje maitiro ehunyanzvi panguva yemutambo. Mutambo wake wakaita sekutaura kwainakidza kuine hupfumi hwepfungwa. Nezvemanyorerwo ake, Oistrakh akanyora kuti: “Enescu mutambi we<em>violin aiva nechinhu chimwe chinokosha – uku ndiko kutaura kwakasiyana-siyana kwekutaura kweuta, uko kusiri nyore kushandisa. Hurukuro yekutaura kujekesa yaive yemukati mune yega noti, rimwe nerimwe boka rezvinyorwa (izvi zvakare hunhu hwekutambwa kwaMenuhin, mudzidzi waEnescu).

Enescu aive musiki mune zvese, kunyangwe mune tekinoroji yeviolin, izvo zvaive zvitsva kwaari. Uye kana Oistrakh akataura mataurirwo euta senzira itsva yeEnescu's sitiroko tekiniki, ipapo George Manoliu anonongedza kuti misimboti yake yeminwe yakangove itsva. “Enescu,” anonyora kudaro Manoliu, “inobvisa minwe yakamira uye, nokushandisa zvikuru nzira dzokuwedzera, nokudaro inodzivisa kubhururuka kusiri madikanwa.” Enescu yakawana zororo rakatanhamara remutsara wenziyo, zvisinei nekuti mutsara wega wega waichengeta kusimba kwayo.

Achiita kuti mimhanzi iite kunge ine ruzha, akagadzira nzira yake yekugovera uta: maererano naManoliu, Enescu ingave yakakamura legato yakakura kuita diki, kana kusarudza manotsi ega ega mazviri, uku ichichengeta iyo yose nuance. "Iyi sarudzo yakapfava, inoratidzika kunge isingakuvadzi, yakapa uta mweya mutsva, mutsara wakagamuchira kukwidziridzwa, hupenyu hwakajeka." Zvizhinji zvezvakagadzirwa naEnescu, zvese kuburikidza naye uye nemudzidzi wake Menuhin, akapinda mutsika yepasirese violin yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Enescu akaberekwa musi waNyamavhuvhu 19, 1881 mumusha weLiven-Vyrnav muMoldova. Zvino musha uyu wava kunzi George Enescu.

Baba venguva yemberi mutambi weviolin, Kostake Enescu, aiva mudzidzisi, uye ipapo maneja wenzvimbo yemuridzi wemunda. Mumhuri make maiva nevafundisi vakawanda uye iye pachake akadzidza paseminari. Amai, Maria Enescu, nee Kosmovich, vakabvawo kuvafundisi. Vabereki vacho vainamata. Amai vacho vaiva mukadzi ane mutsa unoshamisa uye aigara akatenderedza mwanakomana wavo achinamatirwa zvikuru. Mwana akakurira mumhoteredzo yegreenhouse yeimba yamadzibaba.

MuRomania, violin ndicho chiridzwa chinofarirwa nevanhu. Baba vake vaive nayo, zvisinei, pamwero wakadzikama, vachitamba panguva yavo yekuzorora kubva kumabasa epamutemo. Mudiki George aifarira kuteerera baba vake, asi iyo gypsy orchestra yaakanzwa paaiva nemakore matatu yakanyanya kushamiswa nemafungiro ake. Mumhanzi wemukomana uyu wakamanikidza vabereki vake kuenda naye kuIasi kuCaudella, mudzidzi weVieuxtan. Enescu inotsanangura kushanya uku nemashoko anosetsa.

“Saka mwanangu unoda kundiridzirawo here?

"Tanga iwe pachako, kuti ndione kana uchikwanisa kutamba!"

Baba vakakurumidza kukumbira ruregerero kuna Caudella. Muridzi weviolin airatidza kushatirwa.

“Kakomana kasina tsika! Maiwe ndakashingirira.

- Ah zvakanaka? Saka ngatibvei pano baba!”

Mukomana uyu akadzidziswa zvekutanga zvemimhanzi notation neinjiniya aigara munharaunda, uye apo piyano yakaonekwa mumba, Georges akatanga kuumba zvidimbu. Aifarira kutamba violin uye piyano panguva imwe chete, uye apo, pazera remakore 7, akaunzwa zvakare kuCaudella, akarayira vabereki vake kuenda kuVienna. Unyanzvi hunoshamisa hwemukomana uyu hwakanga huri pachena.

Georges akauya kuVienna naamai vake muna 1889. Panguva iyoyo, Vienna yemimhanzi yainzi "yechipiri Paris". Muridzi weviolin akatanhamara Josef Helmesberger (mukuru) akanga ari mukuru wenzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka, Brahms akanga achiri mupenyu, kwaari mitsetse inodziya zvikuru yakatsaurirwa muEnescu's Memoirs; Hans Richter akaitisa opera. Enescu yakagamuchirwa muboka rekugadzirira rekuchengetedza mukirasi yeviolin. Josef Helmesberger (junior) akamupinza mumba. Akanga ari kondakita wechitatu weopera uye akatungamirira yakakurumbira Helmesberger Quartet, achitsiva baba vake, Josef Helmesberger (mukuru). Enescu akapedza makore 6 mukirasi yeHelmesberger uye, pazano rake, akatamira kuParis muna 1894. Vienna akamupa kutanga kwedzidzo yakafara. Pano akadzidza mitauro, aifarira nhoroondo yemimhanzi uye kuumbwa kwete zvishoma pane violin.

Noisy Paris, ichipisa nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwemimhanzi, yakarova muimbi wechidiki. Massenet, Saint-Saens, d'Andy, Faure, Debussy, Ravel, Paul Dukas, Roger-Ducs - aya ndiwo mazita ayo guta guru reFrance rakapenya nawo. Enescu yakasumwa kuna Massenet, uyo ainzwira tsitsi zvikuru kuzviedza zvake zvokunyora. Muimbi wechiFrench aive nepesvedzero huru paEnescu. "Mukuonana netarenda raMassenet renziyo, rwiyo rwake rwakaitawo rutete." Mukunyora, akatungamirirwa nemudzidzisi akanaka Gedalge, asi panguva imwe chete akapinda kirasi yeMassenet, uye mushure mokunge Massenet aenda pamudyandigere, Gabriel Fauré. Akadzidza nevanyori vakazoita mukurumbira vakadai saFlorent Schmitt, Charles Kequelin, akasangana naRoger Dukas, Maurice Ravel.

Kuonekwa kwaEnescu paimba yekuchengetera zvinhu hakuna kuoneka. Cortot anoti pamusangano wekutanga, Enescu yakafadza munhu wese nekuita kwakanaka zvakaenzana kweBrahms Concerto paviolin uye Beethoven's Aurora papiyano. Kuchinja-chinja kunoshamisa kwekuita kwake mumhanzi kwakabva kwabuda pachena.

Enescu akataura zvishomanene pamusoro pezvidzidzo zve<em>violin mukirasi yaMarsik, achibvuma kuti zvakanga zvisinganyanyi kurovererwa mundangariro yake: “Akandidzidzisa kuridza violin zviri nani, akandibatsira kudzidza mutoo wokuridza zvidimbu, asi handina nguva refu zvikuru. ndisati ndahwina mubairo wekutanga.” Mubairo uyu wakapihwa Enescu muna 1899.

Paris "akacherechedza" Enescu munyori. Muna 1898, mutungamiri weFrench ane mukurumbira Edouard Colonne akabatanidza "Romanian Poem" yake mune imwe yezvirongwa zvake. Enescu aingova nemakore 17 chete! Akaunzwa kuna Colonne netarenda rekuRomania pianist Elena Babescu, akabatsira mudiki mutambi weviolin kuhwina muParis.

Kuita kwe "Romanian Poem" kwakabudirira zvikuru. Kubudirira kwakafuridzira Enescu, akapinda mukugadzira, achigadzira zvidimbu zvakawanda mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana (nziyo, sonatas yepiyano uye violin, tambo octet, nezvimwewo). Maiwe! Kukoshesa zvikuru "Nhetembo yeRomania", zvinyorwa zvakatevera zvakasangana nevatsoropodzi veParisian nekuzvidzora kukuru.

Muna 1901-1902, akanyora maviri "Romanian Rhapsodies" - mabasa anozivikanwa zvikuru enhaka yake yekusika. Muimbi wechidiki akapesvedzerwa nezvakawanda zvemaitiro aive mufashoni panguva iyoyo, dzimwe nguva akasiyana uye akasiyana. Kubva kuVienna akaunza rudo kuna Wagner uye kuremekedza Brahms; muParis akatorwa mwoyo nemashoko aMassenet, ayo aienderana nemafungiro ake; haana kuramba asina hanya nehunyanzvi husina kujeka hwaDebussy, pendi ine mavara yaRavel: “Saka, muSecond Piano Suite yangu, yakanyorwa muna 1903, mune Pavane naBourret, zvakanyorwa muchimiro chekare cheFrench, chinoyeuchidza Debussy muruvara. Kana iri Toccata inotangira zvidimbu zviviri izvi, dingindira rayo rechipiri rinoratidzira rhythmic motif yeToccata kubva kuCouperin's Tomb.

Mu“Memoirs” Enescu anobvuma kuti nguva dzose ainzwa asiri mutambi weviolin zvikuru somunyori. “Violin chiridzwa chinoshamisa, ndinobvuma,” anonyora kudaro, “asi aisagona kundigutsa zvizere.” Basa repiyano nemuimbi rakamukwezva zvikuru kupfuura violin. Chokwadi chekuti akazova mutambi weviolin hazvina kuitika nekuda kwake - yaive mamiriro, "nyaya uye kuda kwababa." Enescu inonongedzawo kuhurombo hwemabhuku eviolin, uko, pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwaBach, Beethoven, Mozart, Schumann, Frank, Fauré, kune zvakare mimhanzi "inofinha" yaRode, Viotti naKreutzer: "haugone kuda mimhanzi uye mimhanzi iyi panguva imwe chete. "

Kugamuchira mubairo wekutanga muna 1899 kwakaisa Enescu pakati pevanonyanya kuridza violin muParis. Romanian artists vari kuronga konzati munaKurume 24, muunganidzwa kubva kune unoitirwa kutenga violin yechidiki muimbi. Somugumisiro, Enescu inogamuchira chiridzwa chakaisvonaka cheStradivarius.

Mumakore ekuma90, ushamwari hunomuka naAlfred Cortot naJacques Thibaut. Nezvose zviri zviviri, mudiki weRomania anowanzo kuridza pamakonzati. Mumakore gumi akatevera, ayo akavhura nyowani, XX century, Enescu yatova chivheneko chinozivikanwa cheParis. Colne anotsaurira konzati kwaari (10); Enescu anoita naSaint-Saens uye Casals uye anosarudzwa kuva nhengo yeFrench Society of Musicians; muna 1901 akatanga trio naAlfred Casella (piano) uye Louis Fournier (cello), uye muna 1902 quartet pamwe Fritz Schneider, Henri Casadesus uye Louis Fournier. Anogara achikokwa kujeri reParis Conservatory, anoita basa guru rekonzati. Hazvibviri kunyora zvese zviitiko zvehunyanzvi zvenguva ino muchidimbu chebiographical sketch. Ngationei kuita kwekutanga chete musi waZvita 1904, 1 kweMozart's Seventh Concerto.

Muna 1907 akaenda kuScotland nemakonzati, uye muna 1909 kuRussia. Nguva pfupi asati ashanya kuRussia, amai vake vakafa, vane rufu rwaakatora zvakaoma.

MuRussia, anoita seviolinist uye kondakita mumakonzati A. Siloti. Anosuma ruzhinji rweRussia kuMozart's Seventh Concerto, anoitisa Brandenburg Concerto Nhamba 4 naJ.-S. Bach. “Muridzi weviolin wechiduku (mudzidzi waMarsik),” pepanhau rokuRussia rakapindura kudaro, “akazviratidza kuva ane chipo, akakomba uye akakwana, akanga asingamiri pakukwezva kwokunze kwounhu hunoshamisa, asi akanga achitsvaka mweya wounyanzvi nokunzwisisa. it. Matauriro echiridzwa chake anoyevedza, ane rudo uye anonyevenutsa ainyatsoenderana nemimhanzi yekonti yeMozart.

Enescu anoshandisa makore anotevera ehondo isati yatanga achifamba muEurope, asi kazhinji anogara muParis kana muRomania. Paris inoramba iri imba yake yechipiri. Apa anenge akakombwa neshamwari. Pakati pevaimbi veFrance, ari kunyanya padyo naThibault, Cortot, Casals, Ysaye. Hunhu hwake hunyoro hwakavhurika uye mimhanzi yepasi rose inokwezva mwoyo kwaari.

Panotova nenganonyorwa pamusoro pemutsa wake uye kudavidza. MuParis, mumwe mutambi we<em>viocre wekare akanyengetedza Enescu kuti amuperekedze pakonzati kuti akwezve vateereri. Enescu haana kukwanisa kuramba uye akakumbira Cortot kuti amupe manotsi. Zuva rakatevera racho, rimwe pepanhau reParisian rakanyora nenjere dzechiFrench chete kuti: “Koniti inofadza yakaitika nezuro. Uyo aifanira kuridza violin, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, airidza piyano; uya aifanirwa kuridza piyano akachinja manotsi, uye uya aifanira kushandura manotsi airidza violin…”

Kuda kwaEnescu kunyika yake kunoshamisa. Muna 1913, akapa mari yake yekugadzwa kweNational Prize yakatumidzwa zita rake.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, akaramba achipa makonzati muFrance, USA, akagara kwenguva refu muRomania, kwaakatora chikamu chinoshingaira mumakonzati erudo achifarira vakakuvadzwa uye vapoteri. Muna 1914 akaitisa Beethoven's Ninth Symphony muRomania achifarira vakaurayiwa nehondo. Hondo inoratidzika kunge inotyisa kune maonero ake enyika, anozviona sedambudziko kune budiriro, sekuparadzwa kwenheyo dzetsika. Sokunge achiratidza kubudirira kukuru kwetsika dzepasirese, anopa kutenderera kwe1915 nhoroondo makonti muBucharest mumwaka we16/16. Muna 1917 anodzokera kuRussia kumakonzati, muunganidzwa unoenda kuRed Cross fund. Mumabasa ake ose, pfungwa dzokuda nyika dzakasimba dzinoratidzwa. Muna 1918 akatanga symphony orchestra muIasi.

Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga uye kukwira kwemitengo kwakatevera kwakaparadza Enescu. Munguva ye20-30s, anofamba-famba pasi rose, achiwana chouviri. “Unyanzvi hwomuimbi we<em>violinist, hwasvika pakukura zvizere, hunokwezva vateereri veNyika Yekare neNyika Itsva noumudzimu hwayo, shure uko kune unyanzvi husina kunaka, kudzika kwepfungwa netsika dzepamusoro dzemimhanzi. Vaimbi vakuru vemazuva ano vanoyemura Enescu uye vanofara kuita naye.” George Balan anonyora maitiro akatanhamara emutambi weviolin: Chivabvu 30, 1927 - kuita kweRavel's Sonata nemunyori; June 4, 1933 - naCarl Flesch naJacques Thibault Concerto yemaviolin matatu naVivaldi; kuita mumubatanidzwa naAlfred Cortot - kuita kwe sonatas naJ-S. Bach yeviolin uye clavier muna June 1936 muStrasbourg pamhemberero dzakatsaurirwa kuna Bach; kuita pamwe chete naPablo Casals mune kaviri Brahms Concerto muBucharest muna Zvita 1937.

Mumakore ekuma30, Enescu yaionekwawo zvakanyanya sekondakita. Ndiye akatsiva A. Toscanini muna 1937 semutungamiri weNew York Symphony Orchestra.

Enescu akanga asiri chete muimbi-detembi. Aivewo munhu aifunga zvakadzama. Kudzama kwekunzwisisa kwake hunyanzvi hwake zvekuti anokokwa kuzodzidzisa pamusoro pekududzirwa kwemabasa echinyakare uye emazuva ano paParis Conservatory uye paHarvard University muNew York. “Tsananguro dzaEnescu dzakanga dzisiri tsanangurowo zvadzo dzounyanzvi,” anonyora kudaro Dani Brunschwig, “…asi dzakagamuchira mirangariro mikuru yenziyo ndokutitungamirira kukunzwisiswa kwemifungo mikuru youzivi, kumugariro wakajeka worunako. Kazhinji zvaive zvakatiomera kutevera Enescu munzira iyi, yaakataura nezvayo zvinoyevedza, zvine hunyoro uye nerunako - shure kwezvose, isu taive, kazhinji, vairidza violin chete uye vairidza violin chete.

Upenyu hwekudzungaira hunoremedza Enescu, asi haagone kuzviramba, nekuti kazhinji anofanirwa kusimudzira nziyo dzake nemari yake. Zvisikwa zvake zvakanakisisa, opera Oedipus, yaakashanda kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu ehupenyu hwake, angadai asina kuona chiedza kana munyori asina kuisa 25 francs mukugadzirwa kwayo. Pfungwa ye opera yakazvarwa muna 50, pasi pekufunga kwekuita kweanozivikanwa ane mukurumbira Mune Sully munzvimbo yeOedipus Rex, asi opera yakaitwa muParis munaKurume 000, 1910.

Asi kunyange iri basa guru zvikuru harina kusimbisa mukurumbira waEnescu munyori, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vevatambi venziyo vakakoshesa Oedipus yake zvisina kujairika. Saka, Honegger akamuona sechimwe chezvisikwa zvikuru zvemimhanzi yenziyo nguva dzese.

Enescu akanyorera shamwari yake muRomania neshungu muna 1938, kuti: “Pasinei neidi rokuti ini ndiri munyori wemabhuku akawanda, uye kuti ndinozvirangarira ndimene somunyori wenziyo, voruzhinji nomutoo wakasindimara vanopfuurira kuona mandiri munhu akanaka bedzi. Asi izvozvo hazvindinetsi, nokuti ndinonyatsoziva upenyu. Ndinoramba ndichifamba netsoka kubva muguta kuenda kune rimwe guta ndine bhegi kumusana kuti ndiwane mari inodiwa inovimbisa rusununguko rwangu.

Upenyu hwepachivande hwemuimbi hwakanga hwakasuruvarawo. Kuda kwake Princess Maria Contacuzino kunotsanangurwa senhetembo mubhuku raGeorge Balan. Vakadanana vachiri vaduku, asi kusvikira muna 1937 Maria akaramba kuva mudzimai wake. Hunhu hwavo hwakange hwakanyanya kusiyana. Maria aive mukadzi akangwara munharaunda, akadzidza zvakanyanya uye wepakutanga. “Imba yake, mavairidza mimhanzi yakawanda uye vaiverenga zvinyorwa zvitsva, yakanga iri imwe yenzvimbo dzainyanya kuitirwa misangano yeBucharest intelligentsia.” Chishuvo chokuzvimirira, kutya kuti “rudo rukuru, runodzvinyirira, runodzvinyirira rwomurume ane njere” rwaizoganhurira rusununguko rwake, rwakamuita kuti ashore roorano kwamakore 15. Akanga akarurama - muchato hauna kuunza mufaro. Pfungwa dzake dzokurarama upenyu hwomutambarakede dzaipesana nezvaidiwa naEnescu zvine mwero uye mafungiro ake. Mukuwedzera, vakabatana panguva apo Mary akarwara zvakakomba. Kwemakore akawanda, Enescu akatarisira mudzimai wake airwara asina udyire. Mumhanzi waingova nenyaradzo, uye mairi akazvivhara.

Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Hondo Yenyika II yakamuwana nayo. Enescu yaiva muRomania panguva iyoyo. Mukati memakore ese ekudzvinyirirwa, pazvaitorapo, akatsiga akachengetedza chinzvimbo chekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kubva kune zvakaipoteredza, hutsinye hwakadzama muhunhu hwayo, chokwadi chefascist. Shamwari yaThibaut naCasals, mudzidzi wezvemweya wetsika dzechiFrench, aive mutorwa zvisingawirirane kurudzi rweGerman, uye hunhu hwake hwepamusoro hwakapikisa zvakasimba pfungwa dzehutsinye dzefascism. Hapana paakamboratidza pachena utsinye hwake kuhurumende yeNazi, asi haana kumbobvuma kuenda kuGermany nemakonzati uye kunyarara kwake “kwakanga kwakangofanana nokutsutsumwa kwaBartok, uyo akazivisa kuti aisazobvumira kuti zita rake ripiwe chero upi zvake. mugwagwa muBudapest, nepo muguta iri mune migwagwa nenzvimbo dzine zita raHitler naMussolini.

Apo hondo yakatanga, Enescu yakaronga Quartet, umo C. Bobescu, A. Riadulescu, T. Lupu akatorawo rutivi, uye muna 1942 akaita neiyi ensemble kutenderera kwose kwamaquartets aBeethoven. “Mukati mehondo, akasimbisa nenzira yokuzvidza kukosha kwebhuku romunyori, iro rakaimba nezvoukama hwamarudzi.”

Kusurukirwa kwake kwetsika kwakaguma nekusunungurwa kweRomania kubva muudzvanyiriri hwefascist. Anoratidza pachena tsitsi dzake dzeSoviet Union. Musi waGumiguru 15, 1944, anoitisa konzati mukukudza masoja eSoviet Army, muna Zvita paAteneum - Beethoven's mapfumbamwe symphonies. Muna 1945, Enescu yakagadzira hukama hwehukama nevaimbi veSoviet - David Oistrakh, Vilhom Quartet, akauya kuRomania pakushanya. Nemubatanidzwa unoshamisa uyu, Enescu akaita Fauré Piano Quartet muC minor, iyo Schumann Quintet uye Chausson Sextet. NaWilliam Quartet, akaridza mimhanzi kumba. “Idzi dzaive nguva dzinonakidza,” anodaro mutambi wekutanga we<em>violini we<em>quartet, M. Simkin. "Takatamba naMaestro iyo Piano Quartet uye Brahms Quintet." Enescu yakaita makonzati umo Oborin naOistrakh vakaimba Tchaikovsky's violin uye piyano concerto. Muna 1945, muimbi anoremekedzwa akashanyirwa nevatambi vose veSoviet vaisvika muRomania - Daniil Shafran, Yuri Bryushkov, Marina Kozolupova. Kudzidza symphonies, makonzati evanyori veSoviet, Enescu anozviwanira nyika nyowani.

Musi waApril 1, 1945, akaitisa Seventh Symphony yaShostakovich muBucharest. Muna 1946 akaenda kuMoscow, achiita semuridzi weviolinist, conductor uye pianist. Akaitisa Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, Tchaikovsky's Fourth; naDavid Oistrakh akaridza Bach's Concerto yeVaviri Violin uye akaitawo chikamu chepiyano naye muGrieg's Sonata muC Minor. “Vateereri vanofarira havana kuvarega vachibuda pachikuva kwenguva yakareba. Enescu akabva abvunza Oistrakh kuti: “Tichatamba mutambo wei?” "Chikamu kubva kuMozart sonata," akapindura Oistrakh. Hapana akambofunga kuti takazviita tose kekutanga muupenyu hwedu, pasina kumbodzidzira!”

Muna May 1946, kwenguva yokutanga pashure pokuparadzana kwenguva refu kwakaparirwa nehondo, anosangana nomudiwa wake, Yehudi Menuhin, uyo akasvika muBucharest. Vanoita pamwe chete mudenderedzwa rechamber nesymphony concerts, uye Enescu inoratidzika kunge yakazara nemasimba matsva akarasika mukati menguva yakaoma yehondo.

Rukudzo, kuyemura kwakadzama kwevamwe vagari vakakomberedza Enescu. Uye zvakadaro, musi waSeptember 10, 1946, pazera remakore 65, anobvazve muRomania kuti apedze simba rake rose mukudzungaira kusingagumi kupota nyika. Rwendo rwemaestro yekare runokunda. PaMutambo weBach muStrasbourg muna 1947, akaita naMenuhin kaviri Bach Concerto, akaitisa orchestra muNew York, London, Paris. Zvisinei, muzhizha ra1950, akanzwa zviratidzo zvokutanga zvehosha yemwoyo yakakomba. Kubva ipapo, anga asingachakwanisi kuita. Anonyora zvakasimba, asi, senguva dzose, zvinyorwa zvake hazvipi mari. Paanonzi adzokere kumusha kwake, anozeza. Upenyu hwokune dzimwe nyika hauna kubvumira kunzwisiswa kwakarurama kwechinjo dziri kuitika muRomania. Ikoku kwakapfuurira kutozosvikira Enescu pakupedzisira abatwa nourwere.

Muiti wemifananidzo akanga achirwara zvakakomba akagamuchira tsamba muna November 1953 kubva kuna Petru Groza, akanga ari mukuru wehurumende yeRomania panguva iyoyo, ichimukurudzira kudzoka: “Mwoyo wako kutanga unoda ushamwari uhwo vanhu vakakumirira nahwo, vanhu veRomania, vawakabatira. nekuzvipira kwakadaro kwehupenyu hwako hwese, akatakura mbiri yetarenda rake rekusika kure nemiganhu yenyika yako. Vanhu vanokukoshesa uye vanokuda. Iye anokarira kuti uchadzokera kwaari uye ipapo achakwanisa kukuvhenekera nechiedza ichocho chinofadza chorudo rwapose pose, icho bedzi chinogona kuunza rugare kuvanakomana vake vakuru. Hapana chinhu chakaenzana neapotheosis yakadaro. "

Maiwe! Enescu akanga asina kurongerwa kudzoka. Pana June 15, 1954, kuremara kwehafu yoruboshwe yomuviri kwakatanga. Yehudi Menuhin akamuwana ari munzvimbo iyi. “Ndangariro dzemusangano uyu hadzimbondisiya. Nguva yekupedzisira pandakaona maestro pakupera kwa1954 mufurati yake paRue Clichy muParis. Akarara pamubhedha asina simba, asi akadzikama. Kungotarisa kumwe chete kwakataura kuti pfungwa dzake dzakaramba dzichirarama nesimba rayo rekuzvarwa uye simba. Ndakatarisa maoko ake akasimba, ayo akasika runako rwakawanda, uye zvino akanga asisina simba, uye ndakadedera…” Achionekana naMenuhin, apo munhu anoonekana neupenyu, Enescu akamupa violin yake yeSanta Seraphim ndokumukumbira kuti atore zvose. magiyoni ake kuti achengetwe.

Enescu akafa pausiku hwa3/4 May 1955. “Tichifunga nezvechitendero chaEnescu chokuti “upwere hausi chiratidzo chezera, asi chimiro chendangariro,” ipapo Enescu akafa achiri muduku. Kunyangwe pazera ramakore makumi manomwe nemana, akaramba akavimbika kuhunhu hwake hwepamusoro uye hwehunyanzvi, nekuda kwaakachengetedza mweya wake wehudiki wakasimba. Makore akafukidzira chiso chake nemaunyana, asi mweya wake, uzere nekusingaperi kutsvaga runako, hauna kukundwa nesimba renguva. Rufu rwake rwakauya kwete semagumo ekunyura kwezuva, asi semheni yakarova muoki unozvikudza. Aya ndiwo matangiro atisiya George Enescu. Zvisaririra zvake zvepanyika zvakavigwa mumakuva ePère Lachaise…”

L. Raaben