Willem Mengelberg (Mengelberg, Willem) |
Mengelberg, Willem
Dutch conductor anobva kuGerman. Willem Mengelberg anogona kunzi muvambi wechikoro cheDutch chekuitisa, pamwe nekuita orchestral. Kwehafu yezana remakore chairo, zita rake rainyatsobatanidzwa neConcertgebouw Orchestra muAmsterdam, boka raitungamirirwa naye kubva muna 1895 kusvika muna 1945. Mengelberg ndiye akashandura boka iri (rakavambwa muna 1888) kuva rimwe remaokestra akanakisisa munyika.
Mengelberg akauya kuConcertgebouw orchestra, atova neruzivo rwekuita kondakita. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuCologne Conservatory mupiyano nekuitisa, akatanga basa rake semutungamiriri wemimhanzi muLucerne (1891 - 1894). Mumakore ake ari ikoko, akakwevera ngwariro kwaari amene kupfurikidza nokuita oratorios duku dzinoverengeka, dzisinganyanyi kubatanidzwa mupurogiramu kunyange navaitisi vanoremekedzwa. Ushingi uye tarenda yemuitisi wechidiki akapiwa mubayiro: akagamuchira chipo chinoremekedzwa zvikuru kuti atore nzvimbo yemukuru weConcertgebouw orchestra. Aingova nemakore makumi maviri nemana panguva iyoyo.
Kubva pamatanho ekutanga, tarenda remuimbi rakatanga kukura. Kubudirira kweorchestra gore negore kwakava nesimba uye kusimba. Mukuwedzera, Mengelberg akatanga kuita nzendo dzakasununguka, iyo yakasiyana-siyana yakawedzera uye nokukurumidza yakafukidza inenge nyika yose. Nechekare muna 1905, akaita kekutanga muAmerica, apo gare gare - kubva 1921 kusvika 1930 - aifamba gore negore nekubudirira kukuru, achiita neNational Philharmonic Orchestra muNew York kwemwedzi inoverengeka yakatevedzana. Muna 1910, akatanga kuonekwa paLa Scala, achitsiva Arturo Toscanini. Mumakore mamwe chete iwayo, akaimba muRome, Berlin, Vienna, St. Petersburg, Moscow… London.
Kubva ipapo kusvika pakufa kwake, Mengelberg aionekwa semumwe wevaperekedzi vakanakisisa venguva yake. Kubudirira kwepamusoro-soro kwemuimbi kwakabatanidzwa nekududzirwa kwemabasa evanyori vekupedzisira XIX - kutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX: Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Richard Strauss, uyo akazvitsaurira kwaari "Upenyu hweHero", uye kunyanya Mahler. Marekodhi mazhinji akaitwa naMengelberg kumashure mumakore makumi matatu akatichengetera hunyanzvi hweiyi conductor. Nekusakwana kwavo kwese kwehunyanzvi, vanopa pfungwa yesimba rakakura rinokatyamadza, hunhu husingachinjiki, chiyero uye kudzika mashandiro ake aigara achiratidzwa. Hunhu hwaMengelberg, kune mavambo ake ese, hwakanga husina miganhu yenyika - mimhanzi yemarudzi akasiyana yakapfuudzwa kwavari nehuchokwadi husingawanzo, kunzwisisa kwechokwadi kwehunhu nemweya. Mumwe anogona kugutsikana neizvi nekuzivana, kunyanya, nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvichangobva kubudiswa naPhilips pasi pezita rokuti "Historical Recordings of V. Mengelberg". Inosanganisira zvakarekodhwa eese masymphonies aBeethoven, Yekutanga Symphony neGerman Requiem naBrahms, maviri ekupedzisira enziyo dzenziyo uye mumhanzi waSchubert's Rosamund, mana enziyo dzeMozart, iyo Franck symphony uye Strauss's Don Giovanni. Izvi zvakarekodhwa zvinopupurirawo kuti zvinhu zvakanakisa izvo Concertgebouw Orchestra yava nemukurumbira - kuzara nekudziya kweruzha, kusimba kwezviridzwa zvemhepo uye kutaura kwetambo - zvakagadziridzwawo munguva yaMengelberg.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
