Inzwi mimhanzi |
Chinhu chidiki chechimiro chemimhanzi. Inofananidzwa nezvose zvinonzwika "zvisiri zvemimhanzi" zvinonzwika, ine huwandu hwezvinhu zvinogadziriswa nemudziyo wenhengo yekunzwa, iyo yekukurukurirana kwemuses. art uye aesthetic zvikumbiro zvevaimbi nevateereri.
Zvinonyanya kukosha zvemasaisai eruzha ruzha, ruzha, nguva, uye timbre. Z. m. inogona kuva nenzwi rinobva kuC2 kusvika kuC5 - d6 (kubva pa16 kusvika ku4000-4500 Hz; manzwi epamusoro anosanganisirwa muZ. m. as overtones); vhoriyamu yaro inofanira kuva yakakura kudarika ruzha rwemukati muimba, asi haigoni kudarika chikumbaridzo chemarwadzo; nguva yeZ.m. Yakasiyana-siyana - mitsindo mipfupi (mumitsetse inokurumidza - glissando) haigone kupfupika kupfuura 0,015-0,020 masekonzi (kupfuura muganhu uyu, kunzwa kwehurefu kwakarasika), iyo yakareba kwazvo (semuenzaniso, kurira kwenhengo) inogona kugara yakati wandei. maminitsi; chete maererano netimbre zvakaoma kumisa k.-l. physiological miganhu, sezvo huwandu hwekusanganiswa kwenzwi, ruzha, temporal uye zvimwe zvikamu, kubva pane iyo pfungwa yetimbre (yekutanga kubva pakuona kwemaonero) inoumbwa, haiperi.
Mukuita kwemimhanzi Z. maitiro e m. dzakarongwa mumitambo. System. Saka, mune imwe neimwe octave, chete 12 times l inowanzoshandiswa. maererano nekukwirira kwemanzwi akaparadzaniswa nesemitone kubva kune mumwe nemumwe (ona. System). Dynamic mimvuri inoiswa pasi pechiyero cheruzha reshiyo (semuenzaniso, pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff), iyo isina kukwana kwakakosha (ona Dynamics). Pachiyero chinozivikanwa chenguva, manzwi ari pedyo ari mureshiyo 1:2 (echisere anechekuita nekota, sekota nehafu, zvichingodaro), reshiyo ye1:3 kana mamwe akaomarara hainyanyi kushandiswa. Matimbres emanzwi anosiyaniswa neakakosha ega ega. Ruzha rweviolin uye trombone, piano. uye Chirungu. nyanga dzinosiyana zvakanyanya mumutimu; zvakakosha, kunyange zvazvo kusiyana kwakanyanyisa kunowanikwawo mumatanda ezviridzwa zvemhando imwechete (somuenzaniso, tambo dzakakotamiswa). Inzwi rezwi rezwi rakaoma zvikuru. Imwe neimwe Z.m. inogona kutariswa neacoustic. mativi, eg. maererano kana paine harmonic mukuumbwa kwayo. (yakanyanya hunhu hweZ.m.) kana inharmonious. nhamba ye overtones, kana kune maumbirwo mairi, chikamu chipi chayo chiri ruzha, nezvimwewo; inogona kuratidzirwa nemhando yechiridzwa, iyo inobviswa (tambo yakakoswa, electromusical, nezvimwewo); inogonawo kuiswa mune imwe kana imwe hurongwa pamusana pekugona kwekubatanidza nemamwe manzwi (ona Instrumentation).
Kunyangwe mune chinyorwa chemimhanzi ruzha rwega rwega runowanzo gadziriswa sechinhu chisina kujeka, muchokwadi manzwi anochinjika zvakanyanya, mukati mefoni, uye anoratidzirwa nezvakawanda. nzira dzenguva pfupi kana dzisina kumira. Mamwe eaya maitiro enguva pfupi anowanikwa mune Z. m. uye ndiwo mhedzisiro yeacoustic. zvemumhanzi. chiridzwa kana nzira yekugadzira ruzha - uku ndiko kudzikiswa kwemanzwi efp., harp, decomp. mhando dzekurwisa mukurira kwetambo. akakotamiswa nomweya. zvishandiso, zvakasiyana-siyana aperiodic uye periodic. kuchinja kwetimbre mumanzwi ebhiti series. zviridzwa - semuenzaniso, mabhero, tam-tama. Chimwe chikamu chenguva pfupi maitiro anogadzirwa nevatambi, Ch. arr. kuwana kubatana kukuru kwemanzwi kana kuratidza zvakasiyana. inonzwika zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi. nekugadzira. Aya ndiwo glissando, portamento, vibrato, dynamic. matauriro, dec. rhythmic uye timbre shanduko, iyo inoumba yakaoma sisitimu yeinzwi (sound-altitude), ine simba. (ruzha), agogic. (tempo uye rhythm) uye timbre shades.
Yakatorwa zvakasiyana Z. m. handina k.-l. achataura. zvivakwa, asi kurongeka mune imwe kana imwe muses. system uye inosanganisirwa mumhanzi. machira, kuita express. mabasa. Naizvozvo, kazhinji Z.m. vanopihwa zvimwe zvinhu; iwo, sezvikamu, anonzi hunhu hwese. Mukuita kwemimhanzi (kunyanya pedagogical) duramazwi rakakura remazwi rakagadzirwa, umo aesthetics inoratidzwa zvakare. zvinodikanwa zveZM Aya maitiro, zvisinei, akatemerwa munhoroondo uye ane hukama zvakanyanya nemaitiro emimhanzi.
References: Mutli AF, Ruzha uye kunzwa, mu: Mibvunzo yemimhanziology, vol. 3, M., 1960; Mimhanzi acoustics, yakazara. ed. Yakarongedzwa naNA Garbuzova. Moscow, 1954. Helmholtz H. v., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen…, Braunschweig, 1863 uye yakadhindwazve; Stumpf, C., Tonpsychologie, Bd 1-2, Lpz., 1883-90; Waetzmann R., Ton, Klang und sekundäre Klangerscheinungen, “Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie”, Bd XI, B., 1926, S. 563-601; Handschin J., Der Toncharakter, Z., 1948; Eggebrecht HH, Musik als Tonsprache, “AfMw”, Jg. XVIII, 1961.
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