Alexander Varlamov (Alexander Varlamov) |

Alexander Varlamov

Romance nenziyo naA. Varlamov peji inopenya mumhanzi weRussia. Muimbi wetarenda rinoshamisa renziyo, akagadzira mabasa ehunyanzvi hwekuita, izvo zvakakunda mukurumbira usingawanzo. Ndiani asingazivi nziyo dzenziyo "Red Sundress", "Mumugwagwa mhepo ine chando inotsvaira" kana dzerudo "Seiri riri roga rinoshanduka chena", "Mangwanani, usamutse"? Sokutaura kwakaita munhu wepanguva iyoyo zvakarurama, nziyo dzake “dzine zvirevo zvechiRussia chete dzave dzakakurumbira.” Iyo yakakurumbira "Red Sarafan" yakaimbwa "nemakirasi ese - zvese muimba yekutandarira yemukuru uye muhuku yevarimi", uye yakatotorwa muRussia yakakurumbira kudhindwa. Mimhanzi yaVarlamov inoratidzwawo mune ngano: rudo rwemunyori, sechinhu chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, hunoiswa mumabasa evanyori vakawanda - N. Gogol, I. Turgenev, N. Nekrasov, N. Leskov, I. Bunin uye kunyange munyori weChirungu J. Galsworthy ( novel "Kuguma kweChitsauko"). Asi mugumo wemunyori wacho wakanga usina mufaro wakaderera pane mugumo wenziyo dzake.

Varlamov akaberekerwa mumhuri ine urombo. Tarenda yake yemimhanzi yakazviratidza kare: iye akazvidzidzisa akadzidza kuridza violin - akatora nziyo dzevanhu nenzeve. Inzwi rakanaka, rakanaka remukomana rakasarudza ramangwana rake remangwana: pazera remakore 9 akabvumirwa kuSt. Petersburg Court Singing Chapel sechikwata chechidiki. Muboka ramakwaya iri rakakurumbira, Varlamov akadzidza achitungamirirwa nomutungamiriri wechechi, munyori akatanhamara wokuRussia D. Bortnyansky. Nenguva isipi Varlamov akava muimbi wekwaya, akadzidza kuridza piyano, cello, uye gitare.

Muna 1819, muimbi wechidiki akatumirwa kuHolland semudzidzisi wekwaya muchechi yeEmbassy yeRussia muHague. Nyika yezvitsva zvakasiyana-siyana inozaruka pamberi pejaya: anowanzoenda kune opera nemakonzati. anotoridza pachena semuimbi uye mutambi wegitare. Ipapo, kupfurikidza nokubvuma kwake amene, iye “akadzidza namaune rondedzero yenziyo.” Paakadzokera kunyika yake (1823), Varlamov akadzidzisa paSt. Nenguva isipi, muhoro yePhilharmonic Society, anopa konzati yake yekutanga muRussia, kwaanoitisa symphonic uye kwaya mabasa uye anoita semuimbi. Misangano naM. Glinka yakaita basa rinokosha - vakabatsira pakuumbwa kwemaonero akazvimirira emuimbi wechidiki pakuvandudzwa kweunyanzvi hweRussia.

Muna 1832, Varlamov akakokwa somubatsiri kumutungamiriri weMoscow Imperial Theaters, akabva agamuchira chinzvimbo cho“munyori wenziyo.” Akakurumidza kupinda mudenderedzwa reMoscow artic intelligentsia, pakati payo paiva nevanhu vakawanda vane tarenda, vakasiyana-siyana uye vane zvipo zvakajeka: vatambi M. Shchepkin, P. Mochalov; vanyori A. Gurilev, A. Verstovsky; mudetembi N. Tsyganov; vanyori M. Zagoskin, N. Polevoy; muimbi A. Bantyshev nevamwe. Vakaunzwa pamwe chete nechido chikuru chemimhanzi, nhetembo, uye hunyanzvi hwechivanhu.

“Mimhanzi inoda mweya,” akanyora kudaro Varlamov, “uye wokuRussia anawo, chibvumikiso inziyo dzedu dzekare.” Mumakore aya, Varlamov anonyora "The Red Sundress", "O, zvinorwadza, asi zvinorwadza", "Mwoyo rudzii uyu", "Usaita ruzha, mhepo ine chisimba", "Chii chave mhute, mambakwedza. zviri pachena” uye dzimwe dzerudo nenziyo dzakasanganisirwa mu” Musical album ye1833 ″ uye yakakudza zita remunyori. Paaishanda muimba yemitambo, Varlamov anonyora mimhanzi yezvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinoshamisa ("Vaviri-mudzimai" uye "Roslavlev" naA. Shakhovsky - yechipiri inobva mubhuku raM. Zagoskin; "Prince Silver" inobva munyaya "Attacks" naA. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky; "Esmeralda" kubva mubhuku rinonzi "Notre Dame Cathedral" naV. Hugo, "Hamlet" naV. Shakespeare). Kurongwa kwenjodzi yaShakespeare chaive chiitiko chakatanhamara. V. Belinsky, uyo akapinda mumutambo uyu ka7, akanyora nechido nezveshanduro yaPolevoy, Mochalov's performance saHamlet, nezve rwiyo rweanopenga Ophelia ...

Ballet aifarirawo Varlamov. 2 yemabasa ake mumhando iyi - "Kunakidzwa kweSultan, kana Mutengesi weVaranda" uye "The Cunning Boy and the Ogre", yakanyorwa pamwe chete naA. Guryanov maererano nengano yaCh. Perrault "Mukomana-ane-chigunwe", vakanga vari pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre. Muimbi aidawo kunyora opera – akafadzwa nechirongwa chedetembo raA. Mickiewicz “Konrad Wallenrod”, asi pfungwa iyi yakaramba isina kuitika.

Kuita kwaVarlamov hakuna kumira muhupenyu hwake hwose. Akaita zvakarongeka mumakonzati, kazhinji semuimbi. Muimbi aive nediki, asi yakanaka tenor mu timbre, kuimba kwake kwakasiyaniswa nemimhanzi isingawanzo uye kutendeseka. "Akataura ... zverudo rwake," imwe yeshamwari dzake akadaro.

Varlamov aizivikanwawo zvakanyanya semudzidzisi wezwi. Yake "Chikoro Chokuimba" (1840) - yekutanga basa guru muRussia munharaunda iyi - haina kurasikirwa nekukosha kwayo kunyange ikozvino.

Makore ekupedzisira e3 Varlamov akapedza muSt. Petersburg, kwaaitarisira kuzova mudzidzisi muSinging Chapel. Chishuwo ichi hachina kuitika, hupenyu hwaive hwakaoma. Kukurumbira kukuru kwemuimbi hakuna kumudzivirira kubva paurombo uye kuora mwoyo. Akafa nechirwere cherurindi aine makore 47 okuberekwa.

Chikamu chikuru, chakakosha zvikuru chenhaka yekugadzira yaVarlamov ndeyerudo uye nziyo (anenge mazana maviri, kusanganisira ensembles). Denderedzwa revadetembi rakakura kwazvo: A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, V. Zhukovsky, A. Delvig, A. Polezhaev, A. Timofeev, N. Tsyganov. Varlamov anovhura mimhanzi yeRussia A. Koltsov, A. Pleshcheev, A. Fet, M. Mikhailov. Kufanana naA. Dargomyzhsky, ndiye mumwe wevakatanga kutaura naLermontov; kutarisa kwake kunokwezvwawo neshanduro dzakabva kuna IV Goethe, G. Heine, P. Beranger.

Varlamov munyori wenziyo, muimbi wemanzwiro akareruka evanhu, unyanzvi hwake hwairatidza pfungwa uye zvishuvo zvevenguva yake, zvaienderana nemhepo yemweya yenguva ye1830s. "Nyota yedutu" murudo "Seiri yakasurukirwa inoshanduka chena" kana mamiriro enhamo murudo "Zvakaoma, hapana simba" mifananidzo-mamoods hunhu hwaVarlamov. Mafambiro epanguva iyoyo akakanganisa zvese kushuvira kwerudo uye kuvhurika kwepfungwa kwemazwi aVarlamov. Rudzi rwayo rwakapamhama: kubva pachiedza, pendi yemvura murudo rwenyika "Ndinoda kutarisa husiku hwakajeka" kusvika kune inoshamisa elegy "Waenda".

Basa raVarlamov rakabatana zvisingaite netsika dzemimhanzi yemazuva ese, nenziyo dzevanhu. Yakadzika pasi, inoratidzira zvinyoro-nyoro maitiro ayo emimhanzi - mumutauro, mumusoro wenyaya, muchimiro chekufananidzira. Mifananidzo mizhinji yerudo rwaVarlamov, pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi hunoenderana zvakanyanya nenziyo, inonangidzirwa kune ramangwana, uye kugona kwemunyori kusimudza mimhanzi yemazuva ese kusvika padanho reunyanzvi hwechokwadi hunofanirwa kutariswa kunyange nhasi.

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