Oboe: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, ruzha, nhoroondo, mhando, kushandiswa

Vanhu vazhinji havatombozivi nezvekuvapo kweoboe - chiridzwa chine ruzha rwakanyanya. Pasinei nekukanganisa kwayo kwehunyanzvi, inopfuura zvakanyanya zvimwe zviridzwa zvemweya mukutsanangura kwayo sonic. Panyaya yeaesthetics uye kudzika kwe tonality, anotora chinzvimbo chinotungamira.

Chii chinonzi oboe

Izwi rekuti "oboe" rinoshandurwa kubva muchiFrench se "muti wakakwirira". Chiridzwa chine mutinhimira chine mutinhimira usingaenzaniswi, unodziya, wemhino zvishoma.

Device

Chishandiso chacho chine chubhu 65 cm muhukuru, ine zvikamu zvitatu: pasi uye kumusoro ibvi, bhero. Nekuda kweiyi dhizaini yakagadzirwa, hapana matambudziko nekutakura chishandiso. Makomba emativi anotendera iwe kuti uchinje gomba, uye iyo valve system inopa mukana wekuvandudza izvi. Tsanga dzose dziri mbiri, dzakafanana nemahwendefa maviri akasungirirwa matete akagadzirwa netsanga, anopa timbre humwe hunhu. Nekuda kwekukosha kwayo kusingaenzaniswi, inoruramisa kuoma kwekugadzirwa kwayo.

Iyo mechanics yeoboe ndiyo yakanyanya kuoma pakati pevamwe vayo, sezvo inoda kugadzirwa kwe22-23 cupronickel mavharuvhu. Kazhinji ivo vanogadzirwa neAfrica ebony, zvishoma kazhinji - yepepuru.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva

Chiridzwa ichi chakatanga kutaurwa muna 3000 BC, asi "hama" yake yekutanga inoonekwa sepombi yesirivha yakawanikwa muguva ramambo weSumerian makore 4600 apfuura. Gare gare, madzitateguru edu akashandisa zviri nyore zvetsanga zviridzwa (bagpipes, zurna) - zvakawanikwa muMesopotamia, Ancient Greece, Egypt neRoma. Vaive vatove nemachubhu maviri ekuita kwakananga kwemuridzo nekuperekedza. Kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, iyo oboe yakawana fomu yakakwana uye yakatanga kushandiswa mumabhora, mumaokestra nevaimbi vaLouis XIV, mambo weFrance.

Mhando

Kune marudzi akawanda eichi chiridzwa chemhepo.

Chirungu runyanga

Iri izwi rakatanga muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX nekuda kwekukanganisa netsaona kweshoko rechiFrench kona (kona). Iyo cor anglais yakakura kudarika oboe. Inoumbwa ne: bhero, chubhu yesimbi yakakombama. Iko kugunun'una kwakafanana zvachose, asi midziyo yeunyanzvi yakaipisisa kupfuura yevamwe vayo, saka imwe roughness yezwi inooneka nezwi rakapfava.

Oboe d'amore

Zvinoenderana nekuumbwa, inofanana nenyanga yeChirungu, asi yakaderera pairi muhukuru uye kugona. D'amore inonzwika zvakapfava, haina izwi rinodudzwa, nasality, ndosaka ichinyanya kushandiswa nevanyori mumabasa enziyo. Yakatanga kuoneka muGermany pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Heckelphon

Ichi chiridzwa chakaonekwa muGermany mukutanga kwema1900. Nehunyanzvi, inofanana neoboe, kunyangwe paine misiyano: hupamhi hukuru hwechiyero, bhero; nzimbe inoiswa pachubhu yakatwasuka; kune ruzha rwezasi rwenoti sere. Kuenzaniswa nemaanalogues, iyo haeckelphone ine ruzha rwakanyanya, inoratidzira, asi haiwanzo kushandiswa ne orchestras. Uye zvakadaro zvakaitika kuti atore mumitambo yakadai saSalome naElektra.

mhuri yebaroque

Iyi nguva yakaunza shanduko huru kune chiridzwa. Kuvandudza kwekutanga kwakatanga muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX muFrance, apo chiridzwa chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Kupfuurirazve, tsanga yakagadziridzwa (inzwi rakava rakachena), mavharuvhu matsva akaonekwa, nzvimbo yemakomba yakaverengerwa zvakare. Izvi zvitsva zvakaitwa nevaimbi vedare Otteter naPhilidor, uye Jean Bagiste vakaenderera mberi nebasa ravo, vachigadzira kufora kweimba yeimba padare, iyo yakatsiva mavioles nemarekodha.

Oboe yakave yakakurumbira nemauto, uye yakawanawo mukurumbira pakati peruzhinji rweEurope pamabhora, maopera, uye ensembles. Vazhinji vanyori vanotungamira, vakadai saBach, vakatanga kusanganisa mamwe marudzi echiridzwa ichi chemimhanzi muzvigadzirwa zvavo. Kubva panguva iyoyo yakatanga nguva yekufamba kwayo, kana kuti "golden age yeoboe". Akakurumbira muna 1600 aive:

• baroque oboe;
• classical oboe;
• baroque oboe d'amour;
• musette;
• dakaccha;
• kaviri bass oboe.

Viennese oboe

Iyi modhi yakaonekwa pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Yakagadzirwa naHermann Zuleger, uye kubvira ipapo haina kuchinja zvakanyanya. Iye zvino iyo Viennese oboe inowanzoshandiswa muVienna Orchestra. Makambani maviri chete ari kuita kugadzirwa kwayo: Guntram Wolf uye Yamaha.

mhuri yemazuva ano

Zana ramakore rechi XNUMX raive shanduko yezviridzwa zvemhepo, nekuti mavharuvhu emhete akange atogadzirwa izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuvhara maburi maviri panguva imwe chete nekuagadzirisa kuti aenderane nehurefu hweminwe. Iyi innovation yakatanga kushandiswa naTheobald Böhm panyere. Makumi emakore gare gare, Guillaume Tribert akagadzirisa hunyanzvi hweoboe, achivandudza mafambiro uye dhizaini. Iyo itsva yakawedzera ruzha uye yakabvisa tonality yechiridzwa.

Iye zvino kakawanda uye kakawanda ruzha rweoboe runonzwika muimba yekamuri. Inowanzoshandiswa solo uye dzimwe nguva orchestral. Inonyanya kufarirwa, kuwedzera kune marudzi akanyorwa pamusoro apa, ndeaya: musette, classical oboe ine conical bell.

Related Instruments

Zviridzwa zvine hukama zveoboe zviridzwa zvakaita sepombi yemhepo. Izvi zvaive nekuda kwekufanana kwemaitiro avo uye ruzha. Izvi zvinosanganisira ese ezvidzidzo uye echivanhu samples. Nyere uye clarinet ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevaimbi.

kushandisa

Kuridza chimwe chinhu pachiridzwa, unofanirwa kuita akati wandei maoperation:

1. Nyora nzimbe mumvura kubvisa mate, usawedzere.
2. Pukuta kubva kune zvakasara zvemvura, zvichava zvakakwana kuvhuvhuta zvishoma. Isa rutsanga muchikamu chikuru chechiridzwa.
3. Isa muromo wechiridzwa pakati pemuromo wezasi, uchiyeuka kumira munzvimbo yakarurama, yakagadzikana.
4. Isa rurimi rwako paburi remuromo, wobva waridza. Kana iwe ukanzwa ruzha rwepamusoro-soro, ipapo zvose zvinoitwa nemazvo.
5. Isa nzimbe muchikamu chepamusoro apo ruoko rworuboshwe rwuri. Shandisa indekisi yako uye zvigunwe zvepakati kudzvanya mavharuvhu ekutanga nepo yekutanga ichipoterera chubhu kubva kumashure.
6. Mushure meKutamba, iwe unofanirwa kuparadzanisa, kuchenesa iyo yese chimiro, uye woiisa mukesi.

Oboe yemazuva ano haisati yasvika pamusoro pekubwinya kwayo nekuda kwekuoma kwekuishandisa. Asi kugadzirwa kwechiridzwa chemimhanzi ichi kunoenderera mberi. Pane tarisiro yekuti munguva pfupi iri kuuya achakwanisa kukunda dzimwe hama dzake dzese neruzha rwake.