Nhoroondo ye harpsichord

Iyo harpsichord mumiriri akajeka wezviridzwa zvemimhanzi, iyo yepamusoro yekuzivikanwa kwayo yakawira panguva ye16th-17th century, apo nhamba inoshamisa yevanyori vakakurumbira venguva iyoyo vakaridza pairi.

Mambakwedza nekuvira kwezuva chiridzwa

Kutanga kutaurwa kwe harpsichord kunodzokera ku1397. Mukutanga Renaissance, yakatsanangurwa naGiovanni Boccaccio muDecameron yake. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti chifananidzo chekaresa che harpsichord chakanyorwa muna 1425. Akafananidzirwa paatari muguta reGermany reMinden. Marudimbwa emuzana ramakore rechi 16 akasvika kwatiri, ayo ainyanya kugadzirwa muVenice, Italy.

MuNorthern Europe, kugadzirwa kwemaharpsichords kubva muna 1579 kwakatorwa neFlemish mhizha kubva kumhuri yeRückers. Panguva ino, dhizaini yechiridzwa inochinja, muviri unorema, uye tambo dzinorebesa, izvo zvakapa yakadzika timbre ruvara.

Basa rinokosha mukuvandudzwa kwechiridzwa chakaitwa neFrance Dynasty Blanche, gare gare Taskin. Pavatenzi veChirungu vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, mhuri dzeSchudy neKirkman dzinosiyaniswa. Zviridzwa zvavo zvembira zvaiva nemuviri wemuouki uye zvaisiyaniswa nekurira kwakapfuma.

Zvinosuruvarisa, pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18, harpsichord yakatsiviwa zvachose nepiyano. Muenzaniso wekupedzisira wakabudiswa naKirkman muna 1809. Muna 1896 chete, tenzi weChirungu Arnold Dolmech akamutsiridza kugadzirwa kwechiridzwa. Gare gare, danho rakatorwa nevagadziri veFrance Pleyel naEra, vakatanga kugadzira harpsichord, vachifunga nezvehunyanzvi hwepamberi hwenguva iyoyo. Magadzirirwo acho aive nefuremu yesimbi yaikwanisa kubata tension yetambo dzakakora.

Milestones

Iyo harpsichord chiridzwa chemhando yekiibhodhi chiridzwa. Munzira dzakawanda inokwereta kwayakabva kune yechiGiriki chakabvutwa chiridzwa psalterion, umo ruzha rwakatorwa nenzira yekiibhodhi meshini uchishandisa quill peni. Munhu ari kutamba harpsichord ainzi clavier player, aigona kubudirira kutamba nhengo uye clavichord. Kwenguva yakareba, harpsichord yaionekwa sechiridzwa chevakuru, sezvo chakaitwa chete kubva kumatanda anokosha. Kazhinji, kiyi dzaiiswa zvikero, mateko ekamba, nematombo anokosha.

Harpsichord mudziyo

Iyo harpsichord inoratidzika seyakareba katatu. Tambo dzakarongeka dzakachinjika dzakafanana nekiibhodhi mechanic. Kiyi imwe neimwe ine jumper pusher. Langetta inonamirwa kuchikamu chepamusoro chepusher, panosungirirwa plectrum (rurimi) rwemunhenga wegunguwo, ndiye anodzura tambo kana kiyi yadzvanywa. Pamusoro petsanga pane damper yakagadzirwa nedehwe kana kuti yakanzwa, iyo inovhara kudengenyeka kwetambo.

Shanduko dzinoshandiswa kushandura vhoriyamu uye timbre ye harpsichord. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti crescendo yakatsetseka uye deminuendo haigone kuwanikwa pachiridzwa ichi. Muzana ramakore rechi 15, chiyero chechiridzwa chaive 3 octaves, paine mamwe manotsi echromatic asipo muchikamu chepasi. Muzana remakore rechi16, rudzi rwakawedzerwa kusvika 4 octaves, uye muzana remakore rechi18 chiridzwa chacho chaive chatova ne5 octaves. Chiridzwa chakajairika chezana ramakore rechi 18 chaive nemakiibhodhi maviri (manuals), 2 seti dzetambo 2` uye 8 - 1`, iyo yaiita kuti octave yakakwirira. Iwo anogona kushandiswa ega uye pamwe chete, kugadzira iyo timbre pakufunga kwako. Yainzi “lute register” kana kuti nasal timbre yakapiwawo. Kuti uiwane, zvaidiwa kushandisa kakunyunguduka kwetambo nemapundu ematehwe.

The brightest harpsichordists ndiJ. Chambonière, JF Rameau, F. Couperin, LK Daken nevamwe vakawanda.