Nhoroondo ye clavichord

Kune zvisingaverengeki zviridzwa zvemimhanzi munyika: tambo, mhepo, percussion uye keyboards. Zvinenge zvishandiso zvese zviri kushandiswa nhasi zvine nhoroondo yakapfuma. Mumwe weava “vakuru” anogona kurangarirwa nenzira yakarurama sepianoforte. Ichi chiridzwa chemimhanzi chaiva nemadzitateguru akawanda, rimwe rawo ndiro clavichord.

Zita rokuti "clavichord" pacharo rinobva pamashoko maviri - Latin clavis - key, uye Greek xop - tambo. Kutaurwa kwekutanga kwechiridzwa ichi kwakatanga kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 14, uye kopi yekare yasara inochengetwa nhasi mune imwe yemamuseum yeLeipzig.Chigadzirwa uye chitarisiko chekutanga clavichords chakasiyana chaizvo nepiyano. Pakutanga kuona, iwe unogona kuona yakafanana yemapuranga kesi, keyboard ine dema uye chena makiyi. Asi paunoswedera pedyo, chero munhu anotanga kuona misiyano: keyboard idiki, hapana mapedal pazasi pechiridzwa, uye iwo ekutanga mhando haana kickstands. Izvi hazvina kuitika netsaona, nokuti kare muzana remakore rechi14 nerechi15, clavichords yainyanya kushandiswa nevaimbi vevanhu. Kuti kuve nechokwadi kuti kufamba kwechiridzwa kubva panzvimbo kuenda kune imwe hakuna kuunza dambudziko rakawanda, yakaitwa diki muhukuru (kazhinji kureba kwaisapfuura mita), ine tambo dzehurefu hwakafanana dzakatambanudzirwa kumadziro emadziro. kesi uye makiyi muhuwandu hwezvikamu gumi nezviviri. Asati aridza, muimbi aiisa clavichord patafura kana kuridza pamakumbo ake chaipo.

Zvechokwadi, nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwechiridzwa, chitarisiko chayo chakachinja. Iyo clavichord yakamira yakasimba pamakumbo mana, nyaya yacho yakagadzirwa kubva kumhando dzehuni dzinodhura - spruce, cypress, Karelian birch, uye yakashongedzwa maererano nemaitiro enguva uye fashoni. Asi hukuru hwechiridzwa mukati mehupenyu hwayo hwakaramba hushoma - muviri hauna kudarika mamita 4 pakureba, uye saizi yekhibhodi yaive makiyi makumi matatu neshanu kana 1,5 octaves (pakuenzanisa, piyano ine makiyi makumi masere nemasere uye gumi nemaviri octaves) .Kana iri ruzha, misiyano yakachengetedzwa pano. Seti yetambo dzesimbi dziri mumuviri dzakaita ruzha rwekutenda kune tangent mechanics. Tangent, pini yesimbi ine musoro wakatsetseka, yakagadzikwa pazasi pekiyi. Muimbi paakadzvanya kiyi, tangent yakabatana netambo uye yakaramba yakadzvanywa pairi. Panguva imwecheteyo, chimwe chikamu chetambo chakatanga kubvunda zvakasununguka uye kuita ruzha. Kukwidza kwenzwi mu clavichord zvakananga kwaienderana nenzvimbo iyo tanget yakabatwa uye nesimba rekurova pakiyi.

Asi pasinei nokuti vaimbi vaida zvikuru sei kuridza clavichord muhoro huru dzekonzati, zvakanga zvisingabviri kuita kudaro. Ruzha rwakanyarara rwakanga rwakakodzera chete mhoteredzo yepamusha uye nhamba duku yevateereri. Uye kana vhoriyamu pamwero muduku yaitsamira pamuimbi, ipapo nzira yokuridza nayo, unyanzvi hwokuimba hwaitsamira paari zvakananga. Semuenzaniso, iyo clavichord chete inogona kuridza yakakosha ruzha rwekuzunguza, iyo inogadzirwa nekuda kweiyo tangent michina. Zvimwe zviridzwa zvekhibhodi zvinongokwanisa kuburitsa ruzha rwakafanana.Kwemazana emakore anoverengeka, clavichord ndiyo yaifarirwa kiibhodhi chiridzwa chevanyori vakawanda: Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. Nokuda kwechiridzwa ichi chemimhanzi, Johann S. Bach akanyora mukurumbira wake "Das Wohltemperierte Klavier" - kutenderera kwe48 fugues uye preludes. Muzana ramakore rechi 19 chete ndipo payakazotsiviwa nenzwi rayo rine ruzha uye rinoratidza kurira - pianoforte. Asi chishandiso hachina kunyura mukukanganwa. Nhasi, vaimbi nevagadziri vadzori vari kuedza kudzoreredza chiridzwa chekare kuti vanzwe kurira kwekamuri yemabasa evanyori vengano zvakare.