Ancient Greek frets |

Ancient Greek modes ndiwo masisitimu emelodic modhi mumimhanzi yeGreece yekare, iyo yaisaziva polyphony mupfungwa yemazuva ano. Hwaro hweiyo modal system yaive tetrachords (pakutanga ichidzika chete). Zvichienderana nepakati pekuumbwa kwematetrachords, maGiriki akasiyanisa 3 moods, kana genera (genn): diatonic, chromatic uye enharmonic (misiyano inoratidzwa nezvimwe zviri nyore):

Uyezve, diatonic. tetrachords yaive nemhando nhatu, dzakasiyana munzvimbo yemasekonzi makuru uye madiki:

Kushungurudzika kuumbwa kweiyo yepamusoro kwakamuka sekusanganiswa kwe tetrachords. Paive nemisimboti miviri yekubatana: "yakasanganiswa" (synapn) nekusangana kwekurira kwepedyo mumatetrachords (semuenzaniso, d1-c1 - h - a, a - g - f - e) uye "kuparadzanisa" (diasenxis), pamwe. manzwi api ari pedyo akaparadzaniswa nenzwi rose (somuenzaniso, e1 – d1 – c1 – h, a – g – f – e). Iyo inonyanya kukosha yekubatana kwe tetrachords ndeye octave modes (iyo inonzi "mhando dze octaves" kana armoniai - "harmonies"). Main frets aionekwa seDorian, Phrygian naLydian, to-rye akaumbwa nekubatanidza matsamba maviri. tetrachords yakafanana muchimiro; Mixolydian (“Mixed-Lydian”) yakadudzirwa semusanganiswa wakakosha weLydian tetrachords.

Side - hypolades yakagadzirwa kubva kune makuru nekugadzirisa zvakare tetrachords nekuwedzera chiyero kune octave (mazita eGreek modes haaenderane neakazotevera eEurope). Scheme yemanomwe octave modhi:

Maonero akazara emamwe maGiriki. iyo modal system inowanzomiririra sustnma teleion - "yakakwana (kureva yakakwana) system". Pazasi pane izvo zvinonzi. "Fixed" (kana kuti "isina-modulating") system - ametabolon:

Matanho ezita anobva panzvimbo yekutorwa kwezwi rakapihwa patambo. cithara chiridzwa. Kuzivikanwa kwemazita ematanho mukati meoctave (semuenzaniso, vntn inoshanda kune ese a1 uye e1) inoratidza tetrachordal (uye kwete octave) musimboti we ext. chimiro chehurongwa. Dr. yakasiyana-siyana yegadziriro yakakwana - metabolon inoratidzirwa nekuiswa kwe "retractable" tetrachord synnmmenon (lit. - yakabatana) dl - c1 - b - a, kuwedzera huwandu hwehurongwa.

Apo iyo yakakwana system yakaendeswa kune mamwe matanho, anonzi. transpositional scales, nerubatsiro rwezvaikwanisika kuwana mukati memhando imwechete (lyre, cithara) dec. modal scales (tonoi - keys).

Frets uye genera (pamwe nerhythms) zvakanzi nemaGiriki humwe hunhu ("ethos"). Saka, maitiro eDorian (mapenzi - rimwe remadzinza echiGreece) aionekwa seakasimba, ane ushingi, ane tsika yakakosha zvikuru; Phrygian (Phrygia neLydia - matunhu eAsia Minor) - anofara, ane shungu, Bacchic:

Kushandiswa kwechromatic uye anharmonic. genera inosiyanisa mimhanzi yechiGiriki kubva gare gare yeEurope. Diatonism, iyo inotonga mune yekupedzisira, yaive pakati pevaGiriki, kunyangwe yakanyanya kukosha, asi ichingori imwe chete yematatu modal tonations. mativi. Pfuma yezvinoita melodic. izwi rakaratidzwawo mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemamoods, kuiswa kwe "mavara" emarudzi (xpoai), ayo akanga asina kugadziriswa semafungiro anokosha.

ChiGiriki hurongwa hwemamodhi hwakashanduka kare. Iyo yekare frets yekare. Girisi, sezviri pachena, yakabatanidzwa nepentatonic scale, iyo yairatidzwa mukugadzirisa kwechinyakare. tambo. zvishandiso. Iyo sisitimu yemamodhi uye zvimiro zvakaumbwa pahwaro hwe tetrachords yakagadziridzwa munzira yekuwedzera modal renji.

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Yu. H. Kholopov