Sequence |

Late Lat. sequentia, lit. - zvinotevera zvinotevera, kubva ku lat. sequor - kutevera

1) Mhando yepakati pezana remakore. monody, rwiyo rwakaimbwa mumisa mushure meAleluya isati yaverengwa Vhangeri. Kwakabva izwi rokuti “S.” yakabatana netsika yekuwedzera rwiyo rweAlleluia, kuwedzera kwairi kupembera kwemufaro (jubelus) pamavhawero a - e - u - i - a (kunyanya pamagumo awo). Jubilee yakawedzerwa (sequetur jubilatio), pakutanga isina mavara, yakazonzi S. Kuve musevedzo (sezwi rekuti “cadenza”), S. imhando yenzira. Iyo chaiyo yeS., iyo inoisiyanisa kubva kune yakajairika nzira, ndeyekuti yakazvimiririra. chikamu chinoita basa rekuwedzera rwiyo rwapfuura. Kukura kwemazana emakore, jubilation-S. akawana zvakasiyana-siyana chimiro. Kune marudzi maviri akasiyana eS.: 1st asiri ezvinyorwa (asina kunzi S.; zvinoenderana - kusvika 9th century), 2nd - ine zvinyorwa (kubva ku9th century; chaizvo S.). Kuonekwa kweiyo yekuisa-yekuyeukwa kunoreva ingangoita 4th century, nguva yekushandurwa kwechiKristu kuita nyika. chitendero (muByzantium pasi paMambo Constantine); ipapo jubheri rakava nehunhu hwekufara. Pano, kekutanga, kuimba (mimhanzi) yakawana yemukati. rusununguko, kubuda mukuzviisa pasi peshoko remashoko (extramusical factor) uye rhythm, iyo yakavakirwa pakutamba. kana kufora. “Uyo anofarira kufara haatauri mashoko: iri inzwi romweya wakanyunguduka mukufara…,” akadaro Augustine. Fomu C. nemashoko akapararira kuEurope muhafu yepiri. 9 in. pasi pesimba reByzantine (uye Bulgarian?) vaimbi (maererano naA. Gastue, 1911, muruoko. C. pane zviratidzo: graeca, bulgarica). S., zvichibva mukutsiviwa kwechinyorwa chegore negore. chant, yakagamuchirawo zita rekuti "prose" (maererano neimwe yeshanduro, izwi rekuti "prose" rinobva pane zvakanyorwa pasi pezita pro sg = pro sequentia, kureva. prose). e. “panzvimbo penhevedzano”; French pro seprose; zvisinei, tsananguro iyi hainyatso nyatso kuwirirana nemashoko anowanzoitwa: prosa cum sequentia – “prose with a sequent”, prosa ad sequentiam, sequentia cum prosa – pano “prose” inodudzirwa sechinyorwa kune chinotevedzana). Kuwedzera kwejubheri melisma, kunyanya kusimbisa melodic. kutanga, yainzi longissima melodia. Chimwe chezvikonzero chakakonzera kutsiviwa kwechinyorwa chegore raive nzira. kutadza kuyeuka “rwiyo rwakareba kwazvo”. Kugadzira fomu C. inonzi yakaitwa nemumongi kubva kuimba yemamongi yeSt. Gallen (muSwitzerland, pedyo neLake Constance) Notker Zaika. Munhanganyaya yeBhuku reNziyo (Liber Ymnorum, c. 860-887), Notker pachake anotaura nezvenhoroondo yeS. rudzi: mumongi akasvika muSt. Gallen anobva kuabbey yakaparadzwa yeJumiège (paSeine, pedyo neRouen), akaendesa ruzivo nezveS. kuSt. Gallenians. Pakurayira kwemudzidzisi wake, Iso Notker akaisa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa maererano nesyllabic. musimboti (syllable imwe paruzha rwemutinhimira). Iyi yaive nzira yakakosha yekujekesa nekugadzirisa "nziyo dzakareba", kureva nokuti ndiyo nzira yainyanya kuridzwa yemimhanzi. notion yakanga isina kukwana. Zvadaro, Notker akaenderera mberi nekunyora nhevedzano yeS. “mukutevedzera” nziyo dzerudzi urwu dzinozivikanwa kwaari. Munyori wenhoroondo. kukosha kweNotker nzira ndeyekuti chechi. vaimbi nevaimbi kekutanga vakawana mukana wekugadzira yavo itsva. mimhanzi (Nestler, 1962, p. 63).

(Panogona kunge paine zvimwe zvakasiyana zvechimiro cheC.)

Chimiro chacho chaibva pamavhesi maviri (bc, de, fg, …), mitsetse yacho yakanyatsokwana kana kuti inenge yakaenzana pakureba (noti imwe – sirabhuri imwe), dzimwe nguva ine chekuita nezviri mukati; miviri miviri yemitsara inowanzosiyana. Chinonyanya kukosha ndeye arched kubatana pakati pezvose (kana zvinenge zvese) magumo eMuses. mitsara - ingave pazwi rimwe chete, kana kunyange kuvhara nemamwe akafanana. turnovers.

Chinyorwa cheNotker hachina rhyme, iyo inofananidzira nguva yekutanga mukuvandudzwa kweS. (9th-10th century). Munguva yaNotker, kuimba kwaitoitwa mukorasi, antiphonally (zvakare nemanzwi echinhano evakomana nevarume) “kuitira kuratidza nemaziso kubvumirana kwavose murudo” ( Durandus, 13th century). Chimiro cheS idanho rakakosha mukusimudzira mimhanzi. kufunga (ona Nestler, 1962, mapeji 65-66). Pamwe chete nedzidziso S. zvakare yaivapo extraliturgical. zvekunyika (muchiLatin; dzimwe nguva ne instr. accompaniment).

Gare gare S. yakakamurwa kuva 2 marudzi: kumadokero (Provence, kuchamhembe kweFrance, England) uye kumabvazuva (Germany neItaly); pakati pemasampuli

Sravana Sameeralu Serial XNUMXth Hotker. Zvinoteverana.

yekutanga polyphony inowanikwawo muS. (S. Rex coeli domine muMusica enchiriadis, muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe). S. yakapesvedzera kukudziridzwa kwemamwe marudzi enyika (estampie, Leich). Chinyorwa chaS chinova chine mutinhimira. Chikamu chechipiri chekushanduka-shanduka kwaS chakatanga muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe. (mumiririri mukuru ndiye munyori weakakurumbira "prose" Adam kubva kuParisian abbey yeSaint-Victor). Muchimiro, masyllables akafanana anosvika parwiyo (pamwe nesyllabics uye rhyme, kune mita mundima, periodic maumbirwo, uye rhyming cadences). Zvakadaro, mutinhimira werwiyo wakafanana pazvikamu zvese, uye muS. unobatanidzwa nezvikamu zviviri.

Chimiro cherwiyo kazhinji chine mitsetse mina, uye S. ine 4; kusiyana nerwiyo, S. inoitirwa ruzhinji, uye kwete yeofficio. Nguva yekupedzisira yekuvandudzwa kweS. (3-13 mazana emakore) yakaratidzwa nechisimba chakasimba chekusava nechechi. mhando dzenziyo dzechivanhu. Chirevo cheDare reTrent (14-1545) kubva kuchechi. masevhisi akadzingwa kubva kunenge ese S., kunze kwechina: Isita S. "Victimae paschali laudes" (zvinyorwa, uye pamwe rwiyo - Vipo weBurgundy, 63st hafu yezana ramakore rechi 1; K. Parrish, J. Ole, p. 11-12, kubva murwiyo urwu, zvichida kubva muzana remakore rechi13, kwaya yakakurumbira inoti “Christus ist erstanden” yakatanga); S. pamutambo weTiriniti "Veni sancte spiritus", iyo inonzi yakaitwa naS. Langton (d. 13) kana Pope Innocent III; S. yemutambo weMuviri waIshe "Lauda Sion Salvatorem" (chinyorwa chaThomas Aquinas, c. 1228; rwiyo rwacho pakutanga rwakabatanidzwa nerugwaro rweimwe S. - "Laudes Crucis attolamus", yakanyorwa naAdam weSt. . Victor, iyo yakashandiswa naP. Hindemith mu opera “Artist Mathis” uye musymphony yezita rimwe chetero); S. mangwanani. 1263 c. Doomsday Dies irae, ca. 13? (sechikamu cheRequiem; maererano nechitsauko chekutanga chebhuku remuporofita Zefania). Gare gare, yechishanu S. yakagamuchirwa, pamutambo weZvinomwe Kusuwa kwaMaria - Stabat Mater, 1200nd floor. 1 c. (zvinyorwa zvekunyora hazvizivikanwe: Bonaventure?, Jacopone da Todi?; rwiyo rwaD. Josiz - D. Jausions, d. 2 kana 13).

Ona Notker.

2) Mudzidziso yeS. kuwirirana (German Sequenze, French marche harmonique, kufambira mberi, Italian progressione, kutevedzana kweChirungu) - kudzokorora melodic. vavariro kana harmonic. kutendeuka pahurefu hwakasiyana (kubva pane imwe nhanho, mune imwe kiyi), ichitevera pakarepo mushure mekuita kwekutanga sekuenderera kwayo ipapo. Kazhinji kutevedzana kwese kwe naz. S., uye zvikamu zvayo - zvinobatanidza S. Chinangwa cheharmonic S. kazhinji chinosanganisira maviri kana kupfuura. kuwirirana mumabasa ari nyore. hukama. Nguva iyo yekutanga kuvaka inoshandurwa inonzi. S. nhanho (anonyanya kushanduka ari nechipiri, chetatu, chechina pasi kana kumusoro, zvishoma kazhinji nedzimwe nguva; danho rinogona kuchinja, somuenzaniso, kutanga nechipiri, uye nechetatu). Nekuda kwekuwanda kweshanduko dzechokwadi muhukuru-hudiki hwetoni system, kazhinji pane inodzika S. mumasekonzi, chinongedzo chayo chine maviri chords muyezasi yechishanu (yechokwadi) reshiyo. Muchokwadi chakadaro (maererano neVO Berkov - "goridhe") S. inoshandisa madhigirii ese e tonality mukudzika pasi muzvishanu (kumusoro kwechina):

GF Handel. Suite g-moll ye harpsichord. Passacaglia.

S. nekufamba kwepamusoro muzvikamu zvishanu (plagal) hazviwanzo (ona, semuenzaniso, mutsauko wechigumi nesere weRachmaninov's Rhapsody paChinyorwa chePaganini, bars 18-7: V-II, VI-III muDes-dur). S.'s essence ndiyo mutsara uye melodic kufamba, muKrom ayo akanyanyisa mapoinzi ane inotsanangura inoshanda kukosha; mukati mepakati zvinongedzo zveS., akasiyana mabasa anotungamira.

S. anowanzo kupatsanurwa maererano nemisimboti miviri - maererano nebasa ravo mukuumbwa (intratonal - modulating) uye maererano nekuve kwavo k.-l. kubva kune genera rezwi rezwi (diatonic - chromatic): I. Monotonal (kana tonal; uyewo imwe-system) - diatonic uye chromatic (ine kutsauka uye yechipiri vatongi, pamwe nemamwe marudzi echromatism); II. Modulating (yakawanda-system) - diatonic uye chromatic. Single-tone chromatic (nekutsauka) kutevedzana mukati menguva inowanzonzi modulating (maererano nemakiyi ane hukama), izvo zvisiri zvechokwadi (VO Verkov akacherekedza kuti "kutevedzana nekutsauka ndiko kutevedzana kwetoni"). Mienzaniso yakasiyana-siyana. marudzi eS .: single-tone diatonic - "July" kubva "The Seasons" naTchaikovsky (mabhawa 7-10); single-tone chromatic - sumo kune opera "Eugene Onegin" naTchaikovsky (mabhawa 1-2); modulating diatonic - prelude mu d-moll kubva kuvhoriyamu I yeBach's Well-Tempered Clavier (mabhawa 2-3); modulating chromatic - kukura kweI chikamu cheBeethoven's 3rd symphony, mabara 178-187: c-cis-d; kutsanangurwa kwechikamu chekutanga cheTchaikovsky's 4th symphony, mabara 201-211: hea, adg. Chromatic gadziriso yekutevedzana kwechokwadi kazhinji ndiyo inonzi. "dominant cheni" (ona, semuenzaniso, aria yaMarita kubva pachiito chechina che opera "The Tsar's Bride" naRimsky-Korsakov, nhamba 205, mabara 6-8), uko kunyorova kwesimba kuri diatonic. chechipiri dominants anotsiviwa akapinza chromatic ndivo ("alterative kuvhura toni"; ona Tyulin, 1966, p. 160; Sposobin, 1969, p. 23). Iyo ketani inotonga inogona kuenda mukati mekiyi imwe yakapihwa (munguva; semuenzaniso, mudivi dingindira reTchaikovsky's fantasy-overture "Romeo naJuliet"), kana kuve modulating (kuvandudzwa kwekupedzisira kweSimphony yaMozart mu g-moll, mbariro 139-47, 126 -32). Pamusoro peiyo mikuru nzira yekuisa S., mamwe akakosha zvakare, semuenzaniso. S.'s division kuita melodic. uye chordal (kunyanya, panogona kuva nekusawirirana pakati pemhando dze melodic uye chord S., kuenda panguva imwe chete, somuenzaniso, muC-dur prelude kubva kuShostakovich's op. chordal - diatonic), kupinda chaiyo uye yakasiyana-siyana.

S. inoshandiswawo kunze kweiyo huru-diki system. Mune symmetrical modes, kudzokorora kwakatevedzana kunonyanya kukosha, kazhinji kunova chimiro chekuratidzira chechimiro chemodal (semuenzaniso, single-system S. muchiitiko chekupambwa kwaLyudmila kubva kuopera Ruslan naLyudmila - inonzwika.

muStargazer solo kubva kuThe Golden Cockerel, nhamba 6, mabara 2-9 - chords

modulating multi-system S. mubasa rechi9. Sonata naScriabin, mabara 15-19). Mumhanzi wemazuva ano weS. mimhanzi inopfumiswa nechords nyowani (semuenzaniso, iyo polyharmonic modulating S. mudingindira rekubatanidza bato ye6st chikamu che24 piano yeProkofiev's sonata, mabara 32-XNUMX).

Nheyo yeS. inogona kuzviratidza pazviyero zvakasiyana-siyana: mune dzimwe nguva, S. inosvika pakufanana kwe melodic. kana harmonic. marevolutions, kugadzira micro-C. (semuenzaniso, "Rwiyo rweGypsy" kubva kuBizet's opera "Carmen" - melodic. S. inosanganiswa nekuenderana kweanoperekedza chords - I-VII-VI-V; Presto mu 1st sonata ye solo violin naJS Bach, mabara 9 - 11: I-IV, VII-III, VI-II, V; Intermezzo op. 119 No 1 muh-moll naBrahms, mbariro 1-3: I-IV, VII-III; Brahms inoshanduka kuita parallelism). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, musimboti weS. unosvika pakudzokorora kwezvivakwa zvakakura mumakiyi akasiyana ari kure, achigadzira macro-S. (maererano netsanangudzo yeBV Asafiev - "parallel conductions").

Chinangwa chikuru cheS. S. ndechekugadzira mhedzisiro yebudiriro, kunyanya mubudiriro, kubatanidza zvikamu (muHandel's g-moll passacaglia, S. inosanganiswa nekudzika bass g - f - es - d maitiro eiyo genre; izvi mhando yeS. inogonawo kuwanikwa mune mamwe mabasa erudzi urwu).

S. senzira yekudzokorora zvinyorwa zviduku. mayunitsi, sezviri pachena, agara aripo mumimhanzi. Mune imwe yezvinyorwa zvechiGiriki (Anonymous Bellermann I, ona Najock D., Drei anonyme griechische Trackate über die Musik. Eine kommentierte Neuausgabe des Bellermannschen Anonymus, Göttingen, 1972) melodic. chimiro chine mubatsiri wepamusoro. inzwi rinotaurwa (zviri pachena, nokuda kwezvinangwa zvedzidzo uye nzira) muchimiro chezvibatanidzo zviviri S. – h1 – cis2 – h1 cis2 – d2 – cis2 (zvakafanana zviri muna Anonymous III, umo, saS., imwe melodic. figure. - simuka "nzira dzakawanda"). Dzimwe nguva, S. inowanikwa mumutauro weGregorian, semuenzaniso. muchikamu chekupa Populum (V toni), ndima 2:

S. dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa murwiyo rwaProf. mimhanzi yeMiddle Ages uye Renaissance. Sechimiro chakakosha chekudzokorora, sequins inoshandiswa nevatenzi vechikoro cheParisian (12 kusvika kutanga kwezana remakore rechi13); mumatatu-inzwi zvishoma nezvishoma "Benedicta" S. muhunyanzvi hwekutsinhana kwezwi kunoitika panzvimbo yenhengo yezwi rakadzika dzika (Yu. Khominsky, 1975, p. 147-48). Nekupararira kweiyo canonical tekinoroji yakaonekwa uye canonical. S. ("Patrem" naBertolino wePadua, bars 183-91; ona Khominsky Yu., 1975, pp. 396-397). Nheyo dzeiyo yakasimba chimiro polyphony ye15-16th mazana emakore. (kunyanya pakati Palestrina) vari pane kutungamirirwa pamusoro nyore dzokororo uye S. (uye dzokororo pahurefu hwakasiyana munguva ino inonyanya kutevedzera); zvisinei, S. ichiri kuwanikwa muJosquin Despres, J. Obrecht, N. Gombert (S. inogonawo kuwanikwa muOrlando Lasso, Palestrina). Muzvinyorwa zve theoretical S. zvinowanzotaurwa senzira yenguva dzakarongeka kana kuratidza ruzha rwemonophonic (kana polyphonic) kutendeuka pamatanho akasiyana zvichienderana netsika yekare "methodical"; ona, semuenzaniso, “Ars cantus mensurabilis” naFranco wekuCologne (zana ramakore rechi 13; Gerbert, Scriptores…, t. 3, p. 14a), “De musica mensurabili positio” naJ. de Garlandia (Coussemaker, Scriptores…, t. 1, peji 108), “De cantu mensurabili” yaAnonymus III (ibid., map. 325b, 327a), zvichingodaro.

S. mupfungwa itsva - sekutevedzana kwemakodhi (kunyanya kudzika muzvikamu zvishanu) - yakapararira kubva muzana ramakore rechi 17.

References: 1) Kuznetsov KA, Nhanganyaya kunhoroondo yemimhanzi, chikamu 1, M. - Pg., 1923; Livanova TN, Nhoroondo yemimhanzi yeWestern Europe kusvika muna 1789, M.-L., 1940; Gruber RI, Nhoroondo yemimhanzi tsika, vol. 1, chikamu 1. M.-L., 1941; yake pachake, Nhoroondo Yese yeMimhanzi, chikamu 1, M., 1956, 1965; Rosenshild KK, Nhoroondo yemimhanzi yekunze, vol. 1 - Kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi18, M., 1963; Wölf F., Lber die Lais, Sequenzen und Leiche, Heidelberg, 1; Schubiger A., ​​Die Sängerschule St. Gallens von 1841. bis 8. Jahrhundert, Einsiedeln-NY, 12; Ambros AW, Geschichte der Musik, Bd 1858, Breslau, 2; Naumann E., Illustrierte Musikgeschichte, Lfg. 1864, Stuttg., 1 (shanduro yechiRussian - Hayman Em., Nhoroondo yakaratidzwa yakawanda yemimhanzi, vol. 1880, St. Petersburg, 1); Riemann H., Katechismus der Musikgeschichte, Tl 1897, Lpz., 2 Wagner, P., Einführung in die gregorianische Melodien, (Bd 1888), Freiburg, 2, Bd 1897, Lpz., 1928; Gastouy A., L'art grégorien, P., 1; Besseler H., Die Musik des Mittelalters und der Renaissance, Potsdam, 1895-3; Prunières H., Nouvelle histoire de la musique, pt 1921, P., 1911 Johner D., Wort und Ton im Choral, Lpz., 1931, 34; Steinen W. vd, Notker der Dichter und seine geistige Welt, Bd 1-1934, Bern, 1; Rarrish C, Ohl J., Masterpieces of music before 1937, NY, 1940, L., 1953 The Oxford History of Music, v. 1, L. – Oxf., 2, same, NY, 1948; Chominski JM, Historia harmonii uye kontrapunktu, t. 1 Kr., 1750 (shanduro yeUkraine - Khominsky Y., Nhoroondo yeHarmony uye Counterpoint, vol. 1951, K., 1952); Nestler G., Geschichte der Musik, Gütersloh, 1975; Gagnepain V., La musigue français du moyen age et de la Renaissance, P., 2: Kohoutek C., Hudebni stylyz hlediska skladatele, Praha, 1932. 1973) Tyulin Yu. H., Kudzidzisa nezve kuwirirana, M. – L. , 1, Moscow, 1958; Sposobin IV, Hurukuro pakufamba kwekuwirirana, M., 1; Berkov VO, Kuumba nzira dzekubatana, M., 1975. Onawo lit. pasi pechinyorwa chinonzi Harmony.

Yu. N. Kholopov