Mitambo yemimhanzi |
Mutambo weChirungu neFrench, kubva kulat. festivus - kufara, kufara
Mhemberero dzinosanganisira kutenderera kwemakonzati nemitambo, yakabatanidzwa nezita rinowanzozivikanwa, purogiramu imwe chete uye inoitwa mumhemberero dzakakosha. zvakatipoteredza. Muses. F. dzakasiyana muhurefu (kubva pamazuva akati wandei kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu) uye zvirimo. Kune monographic (yakatsaurirwa kumimhanzi yemunyori mumwe), thematic (yakatsaurirwa kune imwe mhando, nguva, kana stylistic gwara), uye mutambi. mhosva, nezvimwewo F. zvinorongwa nehurumende. uye zviremera zvemunharaunda, philharmonics uye muses. nezvako, mu capitalist. nyika - zvakare mafemu uye vanhu. Dzinoitwa nguva dzose: gore negore, makore maviri ose (biennale) kana makore ose 2-3, uyewo maererano nemhemberero dzakakosha. zviitiko. Vanowanzo kurongwa mumaguta ane mukurumbira nemimhanzi yavo. tsika kana kubatanidzwa nehupenyu uye basa revaimbi vakuru (vamwe F., semuenzaniso, International Society for Contemporary Music, yakarongwa mumaguta munyika dzakasiyana-siyana).
Muses. F. yakabva kuGreat Britain (London, 1709) uye pakutanga vaibatanidzwa nechechi. music. Kubva pa2nd floor. 18th yezana yakaitwa munyika dzakawanda dzeCentre. Europe, kusanganisira muAustria (Vienna, 1772), kubva pakutanga. Muzana remakore rechi19 - muGermany (Frankenhausen, Thuringia, 1810); America yekutanga mimhanzi F. yakarongwa muna 1869 (Worcester). Distribution yakagamuchirwa pasi rose. mimhanzi F. muzana remakore rechi20, kunyanya kubva pakati. 40s Mukurusa wavo ane nzvimbo yakakosha mumazuva ano. mimhanzi hupenyu hwakasiyana. nyika, kubatsira mukusimudzira mimhanzi. art-va, kukura kwehukama hwetsika pakati pevanhu. Iwo makuru soloists, akanakisa opera, symphonic artists vanobatanidzwa mavari. uye kwaya. mapoka, chamber ensembles kubva muna Zvita. nyika. Kazhinji, mukati megadziriro yeF., zviitiko zvepasi rose zvinoitwa. makwikwi emimhanzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, vamwe F. mu bourgeois. nyika dzinoramba dzisingasvikike kune veruzhinji nekuda kwemitengo yetikiti yepamusoro uye ndeyemhando yepamusoro, mamwe maF anobatwa naCh. arr. nekuda kwezvinangwa zvekushambadzira (kukwezva vashanyi).
Zvizhinji zvinoreva. intl. mimhanzi F .: Austria - Salzburg (1920), "Vienna Festival Weeks" (1951); Great Britain - Glyndebourne (1934) uye Edinburgh (theatre uye mimhanzi, 1947); Hungary - "Budapest Muses. mavhiki” (1956); GDR - Handel F. muHalle (1952), "Berlin Muses. mazuva” (1957); Denmark - Zuva. mambo. F. opera uye ballet (1949); Italy - "Florentine Muses. May (1933), Venice Biennale (mimhanzi yemazuva ano, 1930), Mutambo Wenyika mbiri (Spoleto, 1958); Netherlands – Dutch F. muAmsterdam (1948); Poland - "Warsaw Autumn" (mimhanzi yemazuva ano, 1954), "Poznan Music. chirimo” (1960); Romania – F. im. J. Enescu muBucharest (1958); USA - F. muBerkshire (chamber music, 1918), Rochester (Amer. music, 1931), Tanglewood (yakarongwa naSA Koussevitsky, 1935); FRG - F. muBayreuth (1882), Donaueschingen (mimhanzi yemazuva ano, 1946); Finland - "Sibelius Week" muHelsinki (1951); France – Besancon F. (1947), im. Casals muPrada (1950), Theatre of Nations muParis (1957); Czechoslovakia - "Prague Spring" (1946); Switzerland - International. vhiki yomutambo” muLucerne (1939); Yugoslavia - Dubrovnik Summer Games (theatre uye mimhanzi, 1950), Ohrid Summer (1961), Zagreb Music. Biennale (1961); Japan - Mimhanzi. F. muOsaka (1957). Kubva kuma60s. yakakurumbira F. est. hunyanzvi nenziyo, kunyanya muEurope.
MuUSSR, yekutanga muses. F. dzakarongwa muma30s. (Leningrad). Kugoverwa kwakagamuchirwa kubva kune con. 50s Muna 1957, iyo All-Union Ph. Dram yakarongwa. uye mumhanzi. t-ditch, F. mazizi. mimhanzi yeLatvia, Lithuania neEstonia, "Transcaucasian Spring". Kubva 1962, All-Union F. yemazuva ano. mimhanzi muGorky, kubvira 1964 - mimhanzi yegore negore. F. "Nyeredzi dzeMoscow" uye "Russian Winter" muMoscow, "White Nights" muLeningrad, pamwe chete nemimhanzi. zvese-mubatanidzwa, rep. F. nevamwe. Muna 1977, yekutanga All-Union F. Samoyeda yakaitwa. arts. kusika kwevashandi, kwakatsaurirwa kumakore makumi matanhatu ekuyeukwa kweOct. revolutions ye60 (ona Amateur performance).
World Federation of Democratic Youth uye International Union yevadzidzi kubvira 1947 nguva nenguva vaibata Intern. F. zvegutsaruzhinji. Vechidiki neVadzidzi (gare gare iyo World Funds yeVechidiki neVadzidzi). Pane idzi F. arts dzakarongwa. makwikwi, kuratidzwa, makwikwi emitambo, nezvimwe.
