Natural frets |
Izwi rinoreva boka rematanho manomwe akanyanya diatonic. modes (ona Diatonic) zvinopesana nemamodhi, kusanganisira kugadziridzwa kweiyo huru. nhanho, chromatisms, alterations (somuenzaniso, madiki echisikigo anopesana neharmonic). Pasi peN.l. kazhinji zvinoreva mafaro anowirirana eNar. European uye kunze kweEurope. mimhanzi, inoshungurudza muzana remakore repakati. monody, imwe Russian. kuimba kwechitendero, diatonic frets muWestern Europe. uye mimhanzi yeRussia yenguva itsva (7-17 mazana emakore) uye mumazuva ano. music. Aya ndiwo maitiro (akazara uye asina kukwana) eAeolian (yakasikwa diki), Ionian (yakasikwa huru), Dorian, Mixolydian, Phrygian, Lydian, diatonic variables (nekuchengetedza chiyero chese, semuenzaniso, murwiyo "The mwana akafamba nesango" kubva muunganidzwa N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov), pamwe chete neLokrian isingawanzoitiki; kusvika N.l. inosanganisira anhemitone pentatonic yemarudzi ose. General chirongwa N. l. (maererano naIV Sposobin):
N. l. vane mavara akasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, Dorian - ane ruvara ruduku rwakavhenekerwa, Lydian - ane unhu hunosimudzira kiyi huru, nezvimwewo Mumhanzi we19-20 mazana emakore. vanyori (E. Grieg, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, IF Stravinsky, B. Bartok, C. Debussy, nevamwe) vanowanzoshandisa N. l. mu coloristic audio zvinangwa. Saka, imwe yezviitiko zvekushandisa N. l. seyakakosha kutaura. zvinoreva - mu opera "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh uye Maiden Fevronia" naRimsky-Korsakov: juxtaposition yaN. l. uye mimhanzi yechromatic yakazara neshanduko inopa mutsauko wekujeka, nyore, zvakasikwa. Hurukuro dzeFevronia uye dzisina kujeka, dzakatsveyama, dzisingazorori mitsara yeGrishka Kuterma.
NA Rimsky-Korsakov. "Tale yeGuta Risingaoneki reKitezh uye Maiden Fevronia", Act IV.
Nekudaro, iyo pfungwa yeN. nenzira. kuyera zvinoenderana. Izwi rekuti “zvakasikwa” (mupfungwa huru – “zvakasikwa”, “zvichifambirana nemasikirwo”) apa rinoreva “kupiwa nemasikirwo” (cf. “chikero chechisikigo”, “nyanga dzakasikwa”), kwete kugadziridzwa, kwete kugadzira (cf. kushorwa: "zvakasikwa" uye "zvakagadzirwa" flageolets). MuN.l. diatonicism ndeyemusikirwo, iyo inonzwisiswa seyo modal musimboti wakakosha. Saka musiyano muEurope. diki pakati pe "natural", primary scale, inoratidzwa nenormative key signs, uye "artificial" introduction semitone, inoshandiswa zvakarongeka, asi isina kuenzana mukodzero nematoni eN. l. Asi musiyano wakadaro unoshanda kuEurope chete. mimhanzi tsika; Oriental frets akakwidziridzwa kechipiri akanyanya se "zvakasikwa," kureva, echisikigo, semhando dzese dzenziyo dzechivanhu zvakajairika (mumhando dzechinyakare, zvese zvinongoitika, zvese ingori hwaro, pasina mitsara pazviri). (Ona mimhanzi yeIndia.) Kubva pakuona uku, hazvibviri kusareva N. l., somuenzaniso, maitiro ezuva nezuva (GAHcdefgab-c1-d1), umo manzwi anoumba octave yakaderedzwa (Hb) zvakangofanana zvakasikwa (ona, semuenzaniso, 3rd solo yemunyori kubva pachiitiko chechipiri cheRimsky-Korsakov's opera The Night Before Kisimusi), pamwe ne "kuparadzira chromatism" (AD Kastalsky izwi) muchiRussia. nar. music. Nokudaro mukana wekunzwisisa uye zvemazuva ano. 2-nhanho system seyakasikwa, kureva isingabatanidzi nekushandurwa kwemanzwi e12-nhanho system. "Kudzidza kwemimhanzi yevarimi ... kwakanditungamira ... kurasa zvachose toni yega yega yechromatic yedu yegumi nembiri system," akanyora B. Bartok. Nekudaro, hazvina kunaka kudaidza iyi system 7-nhanho diatonic, nekuti izvi zvingapesana nerevo yeshoko rekuti "diatonic".
References: Catuar GL, Theoretical course of harmony, zvikamu 1-2, M., 1924-25; Bartok B. Autobiography. "Modern Music", Nha 7, 1925; Gadzhibekov U., Nheyo dzechiAzerbaijani mimhanzi yevanhu, Baku, 1945, 1957; Kushnarev XS Mibvunzo yenhoroondo uye dzidziso yeArmenian monodic music, L., 1958; Belyaev VM, Essays panhoroondo yemimhanzi yevanhu veUSSR, vol. 1-2, M., 1962-63; Verkov VO, Harmony, chikamu 1-3, M., 1962-1966, 1970; Sposobin IV, Hurukuro pakufamba kwekuwirirana, M., 1969; Tyulin Yu. N., Zvisikwa uye nzira dzekuchinja, M., 1971; Yusfin AG, Mimwe mibvunzo yekudzidza melodic modhi yemimhanzi yevanhu, muunganidzwa: Matambudziko emodhi, M., 1972.
Yu. N. Kholopov
