Gitare History

Gitare ndicho chiridzwa chine mukurumbira pasi rose. Nhasi, hapana konzati imwe yemimhanzi mhenyu inogona kuita pasina iyo. Ndosaka tichida kukuudza nezvenhoroondo yegitare. Zvakanaka zvose sechikamu che orchestra, bhendi kana boka remimhanzi, uye mumitambo imwe chete, apo muimbi anogona kunakidzwa kunyange kutamba oga naye.

Chiridzwa chacho chave chichienda kune mbiri yakadaro kweinopfuura zana rimwe chete.

Zvimwe pamusoro pegitare

Mupfungwa yakafaranuka, chero gitare iri chordophone, ruzha runowanikwa nekuda kwekudengenyeka kwetambo yakatambanudzwa pakati pemapoinzi maviri. Zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvave zvichizivikanwa kubvira kare. Vakanga vatova mukubudirira kweEgypt yekare uye kunyange kare - mune zvekurima zveMediterranean tsika dzezera remhangura nebhuronzi. Gitare vanyori vezviridzwa zvemimhanzi ndeyemhuri ye lute, sezvo isina muviri chete, asiwo fretboard, iyo iyo tambo dzakasungirirwa neminwe.

Nhoroondo yechiridzwa chemimhanzi

Vatangiri vegitare midziyo yakabvutwa, iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga isati yava nemitsipa: cithara uye zither. Dzairidzwa muEgypt yekare neGirisi yekare, uye gare gare muRoma. Nekuuya kwemutsipa wakatetepa wakareba, kudiwa kwe resonator yakasimba kwakasimuka. Pakutanga, yaigadzirwa nemidziyo isina mhango nezvimwe zvinhu zvinopenya: goko rekamba, michero yenhanga yakaomeswa, kana zvidimbu zvehunde zvemapuranga zvakavharwa. Chigadziko chemapuranga, chakagadzirwa nepamusoro nepasi pasi uye madziro emadziro (shells), yakagadzirwa muChina yekare pakutanga kwe1 mireniyamu AD.

Kubva ipapo, pfungwa iyi yakatamira kunyika dzeArabhu, yakabatanidzwa muMoor guitar, uye muzana remakore rechi8-9 yakauya kuEurope.

Kwakatangira zita iri

Gitare rine zita rayo kumutauro wechiLatin sekugamuchirwa kwaiwanzoitwa mukati meMiddle Ages. Izwi rechiGiriki rokuti "cithara", iro vanhu vashoma muEurope vaigona kuverenga mushure mekuparara kweWestern Roman Empire, semugumisiro wakashandurwa muchiLatin cithara. Nokufamba kwenguva, chiLatin chakachinjawo - izwi raive nechimiro quitaire, uye mumitauro yeRomano-Germanic yakatanga kunzwika segitare.

Nhoroondo, zviridzwa zvine tambo zvakakwezva nhamba huru yevateveri nekuda kwekureruka kwavo uye euphony. Uye igitare rinotora nzvimbo yekutanga. Kwenguva yokutanga, gitare, nenzira yakajairika, yakaonekwa muSpain, pakati pezana remakore rechitanhatu, iyo inonzi gitare rechiLatini. Vanyori venhoroondo vanoti mabviro egitare remhando yepamusoro anoenda kuMiddle East, sechiridzwa chine chekuita nelute. Izwi rokuti "gitare" pacharo rinobva mukubatanidzwa kwemashoko maviri ekare: "sangita" - mimhanzi uye "tar" - tambo. Mareferensi ekutanga akanyorwa nezvechiridzwa ichi pasi pezita rekuti "gitare" akaonekwa muzana remakore rechi6. Uye kubvira ipapo, kushanduka kwemimhanzi kwenguva refu kwakatanga, chiridzwa chakajairika kwatiri.

MuEurope, kusvika pakupera kweRenaissance, yaive 4-tambo mienzaniso yaitonga pakati pemagitare. Iyo 5-tambo gitare yakatanga kuonekwa muItaly panguva imwe chete. Magitare akafanana aive ne8 kusvika ku10 frets. Asi mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira magitare, nhamba yemagitare aishandiswa pakuridza yakawedzera kusvika pa10, ndokuzosvika pa12. Zvisinei, magitare ane tambo nhanhatu akaonekwa muzana remakore rechi7 chete, uye pakazosvika mavambo ezana remakore rechi19 chete. gitare kuwana chimiro chayo chakajairika.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemimhanzi, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvaka uye matekinoroji matsva zvakatungamira kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemazuva ano magitare marudzi. Pamaitiro ega ega, pane chishandiso chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvakataurwa. Munyika yemazuva ano, mukuona kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzechiridzwa ichi, hazvisi zvakaoma kutenga gitare.

Yekutanga uye pamwe ndiyo yakajairika mhando yegitare ndiyo yemhando yepamusoro. Hazvisi pasina kuti gitare rakadaro rainzi "classical", nokuti chitarisiko chayo, marongerwo uye magadzirirwo anoramba asina kuchinja mushure memakumi emakore. Gitare rakadaro rine mutsipa wakafara, uye, nekudaro, chinhambwe pakati petambo, izvo zvinokutendera iwe kuti uite zviri nyore kuita zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvikamu. Iyo yakapfava timbre yechiridzwa ichi inokodzera muyero yese orchestral chiyero, uye ukobvu hwehuro hunokutendera kuti ushande kurongeka kwakaringana kweruboshwe paunenge uchitamba.

Mhando inotevera yegitare ndeye acoustic gitare, kana kungoti "acoustics". Mumutsara, munyika hapana munhu uyo ​​kamwechete asina kubata acoustics mumaoko ake. Iri gitare rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakati pevaimbi vemarudzi ese - kubva kusimbi kusvika kuhip-hop. Kuwanda kwakadaro kwerudzi urwu rwegitare kunokonzerwa nekusiyana-siyana uye nyore, inzwi uye nyore kwechiridzwa. Iri gitare rinosanganisa yakanakisa resonance uye dynamics nekureruka uye multitasking. Iko hakuna zvirambidzo zvegitare rakadaro - rinogona kushandiswa kuridza nziyo dzebard kutenderedza moto wemusasa, kuridza munhandare dzezviuru zvakawanda, kana kuumba inoperekedza yekurekodha kunotevera.

Magitare nhoroondo

A niche hombe pakati pemagitare ese anogarwa nemagitare emagetsi. Izvi zvinosanganisira bass gitare. Kwenguva yekutanga, gitare remhando iyi rakaonekwa pamusika wakakura muna 1931, yakagadzirwa naAdolf Rickenbacker. Magitare emagetsi anowana zita rawo kubva munzira yaanoburitsa ruzha - kudengenyeka kwetambo kunoendeswa kune magineti (anonzi pickups), ipapo kune amplifier, ichigadzira ruzha rwekupedzisira. Iyi nzira inovhura mikana isingaperi mukushandisa gitare. Kubva pazuva rino rinotanga refu, rakazadzwa nemazita makuru, nzira yemagetsi magitare.

Chero muimbi anoziva mhando dzegitare dzemagetsi se "Gibson" uye "Fender". Aive makambani aya akaisa toni yakajairika mukuvaka gitare, achitora zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro kusvika nhasi. Kwemakore anopfuura makumi matanhatu, Gibson akagadzira iyo Les Paul modhi, yakatumidzwa zita remugadziri wayo. Iyi modhi ine toni inozivikanwa uye inoshandiswa munenge marudzi ese, kubva kublues kusvika kusimbi yemazuva ano.

Nekudaro, usakanganwa kuti nekuvandudzwa kwemagitare uye zvishandiso kwavari, mhando nyowani dzakaonekwa dzinoda zvakanyanya hunyanzvi mhinduro dzehunyanzvi. Kubuda kwemhando yerock uye roll yakakurumbira kwakasimudzira magitare emagetsi uye akaamisa sezviridzwa zvinokwanisa kuveza ruzha rune simba uye runyoro. Kupfuurirazve, yakakamurwa mumhando, magitare akatanga kusarudza akasiyana magitare emagetsi, sekunge achiisa toni yekuyerera kwese kwemimhanzi. Somuenzaniso, pakupera kwe80s yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, izvo zvinonzi "metal guitar" zvakaonekwa.

Gitare resimbi rinoratidzwa ne slim ergonomic mutsipa, magetsi ane simba, matanda akasimba uye dhizaini ine hutsinye. Metal lead magitare anowanzo kuve akashongedzerwa akakosha maviri-nzira tremolo masisitimu ekuwedzera mimhanzi yemutambi. Uyewo, nokuda kwemhando dzakaremerwa, zviridzwa zvine nhamba isiri-yeyero yetambo zvinoshandiswa - kubva pa7 kusvika ku10. Nezvekugadzira, vazhinji vanogadzira vanoenda kune vakashinga kuedza, vachigadzira magitare echokwadi akasarudzika ayo, nechitarisiko chavo, atotaura nezve kukomba kwezvinangwa. uye uwandu hwemuiti.

Zvinofadza Chokwadi nezve Gitare

1. Mumakore ekuma1950, mushandi weGibson Les Paul akaita hybrid - gitare remagetsi rine gollow resonating body, iyo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kutamba pasina magetsi. Vatungamiri vakanga vasingafariri pfungwa iyi, uye pfungwa yacho yakapiwa kune muvambi Leo Fender.
2. Mamiriro akakodzera ekuridza gitare rekirasi (kumunhu wekurudyi) ndeye musana wakatwasuka, gumbo rekuruboshwe riri pachigadziko chakakosha, gitare rinorara nekukotama kwemuviri pachidya chegumbo rekuruboshwe. Mutsipa unosimudzwa kusvika ku45 °. Inozivikanwa kune vakawanda, iyo pose pabvi rekurudyi nebhara rakafanana nepasi rinoonekwa serisiri redzidzo, "yadhi".
3. Magitare eVirtuoso, avo vanowanzo ridza zvitayera zvakasiyana uye makiyi panguva yerwiyo rumwe chete, dzimwe nguva vanoshandisa magitare ane mitsipa miviri kana mitatu, imwe neimwe ine tambo dzakasiyana .

Gitare Nhoroondo muvhidhiyo