Ndeapi maopera akanyorwa naMozart? 5 inonyanya kuzivikanwa opera

Munguva yehupenyu hwake hupfupi, Mozart akasika nhamba huru yemitambo yakasiyana-siyana yemimhanzi, asi iye pachake akafunga kuti opera ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mubasa rake. Pamwe chete, akanyora 21 operas, neyokutanga, Apollo uye Hyacinth, pazera remakore gumi, uye mabasa anokosha zvikuru akaitika mumakore gumi ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake. Zvirongwa zvacho zvinowanzoenderana nezvido zvenguva iyoyo, zvichiratidza magamba ekare (opera seria) kana, semu opera buffa, mavambo uye manomano mavara.

Munhu ane tsika dzechokwadi anongofanira kuziva izvo operas Mozart akanyora, kana kuti anonyanya kuzivikanwa.

"Muchato weFigaro"

Imwe yemitambo ine mukurumbira ndeye "The Marriage of Figaro", yakanyorwa muna 1786 zvichibva pamutambo waBeaumarchais. Chirongwa chacho chiri nyore - muchato waFigaro naSuzanne uri kuuya, asi Count Almaviva ari murudo naSuzanne, achiedza kuwana nyasha dzake chero muripo. Hungwaru hwese hwakavakirwa pairi. Yakabhadharwa se opera buffa, Muchato weFigaro, zvisinei, wakapfuura rudzi rwekutenda nekuoma kwevatambi uye hunhu hwavo hwakagadzirwa nemimhanzi. Nokudaro, komedhi yevatambi inogadzirwa - rudzi rutsva.

Don Juan

Muna 1787, Mozart akanyora opera Don Giovanni maererano nengano yekare yeSpanish. Rudzi urwu iopera buffa, uye Mozart pachake anoitsanangura se“mutambo unofadza.” Don Juan, achiedza kunyengedza Donna Anna, anouraya baba vake, Mutungamiriri, uye anovanda. Mushure mekutevedzana kwekushanya uye kuvanza, Don Juan anokoka chifananidzo cheMutungamiriri waakauraya kubhora. Uye Mutungamiriri anooneka. Semudziyo unotyisa wekutsiva, anokwevera iyo libertine kugehena…

Vice akarangwa, sezvinodiwa nemitemo ye classicism. Zvisinei, Don Giovanni waMozart haangori gamba risina kunaka; anokwezva muoni netarisiro yake uye ushingi. Mozart inodarika miganhu yerudzi uye inogadzira mutambo wemumhanzi wepfungwa, padyo neShakespeare mukusimba kwezvishuvo.

"Ndizvo zvinoita munhu wese."

Opera buffa "Izvi ndizvo zvinoitwa nemunhu wese" yakagadzwa kubva kuMozart naMambo Joseph muna 1789. Yakavakirwa panhau yechokwadi yakaitika mudare. Munyaya yacho, majaya maviri, Ferrando naGuglielmo, vanosarudza kuva nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwevaroora vavo uye kuuya kwavari vakazvivanza. Mumwe Don Alfonso anovakurudzira, achitaura kuti munyika hamuna chinhu chakadai sokutendeseka kwevakadzi. Uye zvakazoitika kuti ari right...

Mune iyi opera, Mozart anoomerera kune yechinyakare buffa genre; mumhanzi waro uzere nekureruka nenyasha. Zvinosuruvarisa, munguva yehupenyu hwemunyori "Izvi ndizvo zvinoitwa nemunhu wese" hazvina kufarirwa, asi kare pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 rakatanga kuitwa pamatanho makuru eOpera.

“Ngoni dzaTito”

Mozart akanyora kuti La Clemenza di Titus paakagadzwa Mambo weCzech Leopold II pachigaro choumambo muna 1791. Semunhu akasununguka, akapiwa chinyorwa chekare zvikuru chaiva nechirango chebhanari, asi opera yakanyora naMozart!

Basa rakanaka rine mumhanzi wepamusoro uye wakanaka. Chitarisiko chiri panaMambo weRoma Titus Flavius ​​Vespasian. Anoratidza kurangana kwake, asi anowana rupo maari kuti aregerere vanorangana. Dingindira iri rainyatsokodzera kupemberera kugadzwa pachigaro, uye Mozart akatsungirira basa racho nounyanzvi.

“nyere dzemashiripiti”

Mugore rimwe chetero, Mozart akanyora opera murudzi rweGermany rweSingspiel, iro rakanyanya kumukwezva. Iyi i "The Magic Flute" ine libretto naE. Schikaneder. Rangano racho rizere nemashiripiti nezvishamiso uye rinoratidza kurwisana kusingaperi pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa.

Muroyi Sarastro anoba mwanasikana waMambokadzi weHusiku, uye anotumira murume wechidiki Tamino kuti amutsvage. Anowana musikana, asi zvinoitika kuti Sarastro ari parutivi rwezvakanaka, uye Mambokadzi weHusiku ndiye mufananidzo wezvakaipa. Tamino akakunda bvunzo dzese uye anogamuchira ruoko rwemudiwa wake. Opera yakaitwa muVienna muna 1791 uye yakabudirira zvikuru nekuda kwemimhanzi yaMozart.

Ndiani anoziva kuti mangani mamwe mabasa makuru Mozart angadai akasika, ndeapi ma operas aangadai akanyora, dai ramangwana rakamupa mamwe makore mashoma ehupenyu. Asi izvo zvaakakwanisa kuita munguva yehupenyu hwake hupfupi ndezvechokwadi chepfuma yemimhanzi yenyika.