Final |

ital. finale, kubva lat. magumo - magumo, magumo

1) Instr. mimhanzi - chikamu chekupedzisira che cyclic. prod. - sonata-symphony, suite, dzimwe nguva zvakare chikamu chekupedzisira chekutenderera kutenderera. Nezvose zvakasiyana-siyana zvemukati uye mimhanzi. mafomu ezvikamu zvekupedzisira, mazhinji acho anewo mamwe maficha akajairwa, semuenzaniso, kumhanya kwekukurumidza (kunowanzo kukurumidza kutenderera), kukurumidza kwekufamba, hunhu hwemhando yerudzi, kureruka uye kuzara kwerwiyo uye rhythm (zvichienzaniswa neyekare. zvikamu), rondality yechimiro (zvichida muchimiro chechirongwa chechipiri kana muchimiro che "kurerekera" kune rondo, muchirevo cheVV Protopopov), ndiko kuti, chii chiri chenhoroondo dzakagadzirwa muses. maitiro anokonzera manzwiro ekuguma kwe cyclic huru. anoshanda.

Mune sonata-symphony. denderedzwa, zvikamu zvawo zviri zvinhanho zveunyanzvi hwepfungwa imwechete. pfungwa, F., iri danho rinoguma, rinopihwa rakakosha, rinoshanda mukati mehurongwa hwesese kutenderera, semantic basa rekupedzisa, iro rinosarudza kugadziriswa kwemitambo sebasa guru rine revo reF.. kukonana, uye zvakanangana . nheyo dzemimhanzi yake. masangano ane chinangwa chekugadzirisa mimhanzi. madingindira nemimhanzi. kuvandudzwa kwekutenderera kwese. Iri basa remunyori wekutamba rinogadzira sonata-symphony. F. chinongedzo chakakosha zvikuru mukutenderera. prod. - chinongedzo chinoratidza kudzika uye organic hunhu hwese sonata-symphony. pfungwa.

Dambudziko re sonata-symphony. F. nguva dzose inokwezva pfungwa dzevaimbi. Kudiwa kweiyo organic F. kutenderera kwese kwakasimbiswa kakawanda naAN Serov, uyo aikoshesa magumo eBeethoven. BV Asafiev akati dambudziko reF. kune nhamba inonyanya kukosha musymphony. art-ve, kunyanya kuratidza zvinoshamisa uye zvinovaka zviri mairi ("kutanga ... maitiro ekutarisa pakupedzisira, muchikamu chekupedzisira chesymphony, organic mhedzisiro yezvakataurwa, uye chechipiri, kupedzisa nekuvhara kumhanya kwemifungo uye kumisa kufamba mukumhanya kwayo kuri kuwedzera”).

Sonata-symphony. F. mumunyori wake mukuru wemitambo. mabasa akaumbwa mumabasa eViennese classics. Nekudaro, zvimwe zvezvayo zvega zvakasimudzwa mumhanzi wenguva yapfuura. Saka, yatove muiyo sonata kutenderera kweJS Bach, chimiro chechimiro chekufananidzira, dingindira. uye hukama hwematoni hweF. nezvikamu zvakapfuura, kunyanya nechikamu chekutanga chekutenderera: kutevera lyric inononoka. chikamu, F. inodzorera kushanda kwechikamu chekutanga ("center of gravity" yekutenderera). Kuenzaniswa nechikamu chekutanga, Bach's mota F. inosiyaniswa neyakapfava madingindira; muF. tonality yechikamu che1 inodzorerwa (mushure mekutsauka kubva pairi pakati pekutenderera); F. inogonawo kunge iine sungano dzemunyika nechikamu chekutanga. Munguva yaBach (uye gare gare, kusvika pakutanga kweViennese classicism), sonata-cyclic. F. aiwanzosangana nepesvedzero yeF. suite cycle - gigi.

Mune symphonies yevanyori vechikoro cheMannheim, izvo zvakagara zvichibatanidzwa nema operatic symphonies akaita mabasa ekupfuura, F. kekutanga akawana chirevo chakakosha chechikamu chakakosha chekutenderera, icho chine chimiro chayo chekufananidzira. zvemukati (mifananidzo yemhemberero dzemafaro, nezvimwewo) uye mimhanzi yakajairika. thematicism padyo ne thematicism yewok. F. opera buffa uye gigi. Mannheim F., semasymphonies enguva iyoyo, anowanzo padyo nemhando dzemazuva ese, izvo zvakakanganisa kureruka kwezviri mukati mavo uye muses. mafomu. Pfungwa yeMannheim symphony. cycle, musimboti wayo waive wekugadzira misisi mikuru. nyika-mifananidzo yakawanikwa muunyanzvi hwenguva iyoyo, yakatemerwa zvese typation yeF. uye chimiro chekubatana kwayo semantic nezvikamu zvakapfuura, pedyo ne suite.

F. Vechidiki veViennese vakanyatsoratidza shanduko dzakaitika mumamisi. art-ve, - chishuwo chemunhu mumwe nomumwe we sonata-symphony. pfungwa, kune mhiri-kucheka budiriro uye dramaturgy. kubatana kwekutenderera, kukukura kwakasimba uye kuwedzera kwe arsenal yemuses. mari. Mufainari J. Haydn ari kuramba achiwedzera kujeka muhunhu, hunoenderana nekumisikidzwa kwehuzhinji, kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda (kusvika pamwero wakati hunhu hweMannheim F.), kunobva iyo iri mumitambo yekupedzisira yebuffa opera. Mukuedza kugadzirisa mimhanzi. mumifananidzo, Haydn akatendeukira kuhurongwa (semuenzaniso, "The Tempest" muF. Symphony No 8), akashandisa theatre. mimhanzi (F. symphony No 77, iyo yaimbova mufananidzo wekuvhima mumutambo we3. opera yake "Rewardity Fidelity"), yakagadzira Nar. madingindira – Croatian, Serbian (F. symphonies NoNo 103, 104, 97), dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuti vateereri vanyatsotaura. kushamwaridzana kwemifananidzo (semuenzaniso, muF. symphony Nha. 82 - "bere, rinotungamirirwa uye rinoratidzwa kumativi ose emisha", ndicho chikonzero symphony yose yakagamuchira zita rokuti "Bere"). Mafainari eHaydn anowedzera kutora nyika ine chinangwa nehukuru hweiyo folk-genre musimboti. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa fomu yeHaydnian F. rinova rondo (zvakare rondo-sonata), richikwira kuNar. madhanzi akatenderera uye kuratidza pfungwa yekufamba kwedenderedzwa. Cherechedza. chinhu che rondo sonata chakatanga kunyatsojeka mufainari yeHaydn ndiyo manzwi. kuwirirana kwezvikamu zvayo (dzimwe nguva zvinonzi. Mr. monothematic kana single-dhimoni rondo sonata; ona, semuenzaniso, symphonies No99, 103). Rondo-chimiro zvakare chinowanikwa mumisiyano yakapetwa kaviri inoshandiswa naHaydn muF. (fp. sonata in E minor, Hob. XVI, Nhamba 34). Kukwidza kumafomu akasiyana ichokwadi chakakosha kubva pakuona kwenhoroondo ye sonata-symphony. F.,t. nekuti iyi fomu, sekureva kwaAsafiev, isingasviki zvakabudirira pane iyo rondo, inoratidza mhedzisiro seshanduko ye "reflections" yeimwe pfungwa kana manzwiro (mune preclassical mimhanzi musiyano muF. cycles dzaive hunhu hwaG. F. Handel; cm. Concerto grosso op. 6 no5). Kushandiswa kwaHaydn muF. fugue (quartet kana. 20 Kwete 2, 5, 6, op. 50 No 4), ine zvinhu zverondality (muenzaniso unoshamisa ndeye fugue kubva kune quartet op. 20 No 5) uye mutsauko, unomutsidzira tsika yaF. old sonatas da chiesa. Chokwadi Mabviro emafomu ekupedzisira aHaydn anopihwa nenzira yekusimudzira yekufumura misisi. zvinhu, zvinyorwa zvepakutanga. anowana (eg 3 kudzokorora mune fugue ye quartet op. 20 No 5, iyo "farewell" Adagio muSymphony No 45, apo zviridzwa zve orchestra zvinonyarara pamwe chete), ichataura. kushandiswa kwepolyphony, ch. arr., senzira yekugadzira yakajairika yekupedzisira "zvisina maturo", rumutsiriro rune mufaro (Symphony Nha. 103), dzimwe nguva zvichimutsa fungidziro yechiitiko chemazuva ese (chimwe chinhu chakaita se "kunetsana kwemumugwagwa" kana "kupokana kunotyisa" mukuvandudzwa kweF. Symphony No99). T. o., mubasa raHaydn F. nemaitiro ayo chaiwo ekusimudzira madingindira. zvinhu zvinokwira kusvika pamwero we sonata allegro yekutanga kufamba, kugadzira sonata-symphony. composition balance. Dambudziko repikicha-thematic. Kubatana kwekutenderera kunosarudzwa naHaydn kunyanya mutsika yevaakatangira. Izwi idzva munzvimbo iyi nderaV. A. Mozart. Mozart F. tsvaga semantic kubatana kwe sonatas uye symphonies, isingawanzo kunguva yavo. pfungwa, zvirevo zvemukati zvedenderedzwa - inonakidza rwiyo, semuenzaniso. mu g-moll symphony (No 41), inochema mu d-moll quartet (K.-V. 421), heroic mune symphony "Jupiter". Madingindira ekupedzisira kwaMozart anoumba uye anosanganisa manzwi ezvekufamba kwapfuura. Kusarudzika kwehunyanzvi hweMozart hwekutaura. generalization ndeyekuti muF. zvidimbu zvenziyo zvakaparadzana zvakapararira pamusoro pezvikamu zvakapfuura zvinounganidzwa. kuimba, manzwi, kusimbisa mamwe matanho emuoti, mutinhimira. uye harmonic. matendeuko, ayo asiri muzvikamu zvekutanga, zvino zivikanwa zviri nyore zvemadingindira, asiwo mukuenderera mberi, kwete mumhanzi huru chete. manzwi, asiwo mune anoperekedza - mushoko, iyo yakaoma ndeye thematic. zvinhu, to-ry, kupfuura kubva pane chimwe chikamu kuenda kune chimwe, inosarudza hunhu hwekutaura. kutaridzika kwebasa iri, kubatana kwe "sound atmosphere" (sezvinotsanangurwa naV.

Mukupedzisira sonata-symphony. kutenderera kweMozart F. kwakasiyana sekududzirwa kweakajairika pfungwa dzekutenderera, kwadziri (zvichienderana neiyo symphonies mu g-moll uye C-dur, semuenzaniso, TN Livanova anocherekedza kuti ivo vakanyanya mumunhu mumwechete. zvirongwa kupfuura mamwe ese masymphonies ezana ramakore rechi 18). Pfungwa yekusimudzira kwekufananidzira, iyo yakasarudza hutsva hweMozartian pfungwa yekutenderera, yakaratidzwa zvakajeka muchimiro cheF. Ivo vanozocherechedzwa. chinhu chinokwezva ku sonata, icho chinoratidzwa zvose mukushandiswa kwechimiro chaicho che sonata (symphony mu g-moll), rondo-sonata (fp. concerto A-dur, K.-V. 488), uye mu iyo yakasarudzika "sonata mood" mumhando dzeiyo isiri-sonata mhando, semuenzaniso. mu rondo (flute quartet, K.-V. 285). Mukugadzirwa kweF, zvine chekuita nenguva yekupedzisira yekugadzira, nzvimbo huru inogarwa nezvikamu zvebudiriro, uye nzira dzinonyanya kukosha dzemimhanzi-thematic. budiriro inova polyphony, inoshandiswa naMozart nekunaka kunoshamisa (string quintet mu g-moll, K.-V. 516, symphony mu g-moll, quartet No. 21). Kunyangwe fugue yakazvimirira. chimiro hachifananidzi chekupedzisira kweMozart (quartet F-dur, K.-V. 168), yavo chaiyo. chimiro ndechekubatanidzwa kwefugue (sekutonga, muchimiro chakapararira) mukuumbwa kwemafomu ehomophonic - sonata, rondo sonata (string quintets D-dur, K.-V. 593, Es-dur, K.- V. 164) kusvika pakuumbwa kwemimhanzi chimiro chekugadzira zvinhu zvefugue uye sonata (tambo quartet G-dur No1, K.-V. 387), chimiro chakaitika kare chakava chinovimbisa zvikuru (F. fp Schumann quartet Es-dur op. 47, Reger's tambo quartet G-dur op.54 No 1). Chinhu chakakosha chemhando yakadaro yekugadzira muOp. Mozart - mubatanidzwa wemapolyphonic akapararira. episodhi nemutsara mumwechete wekusimudzira, kuedza kupedzisa ("hombe polyphonic fomu", izwi reVV Protopopov). Muenzaniso wepamusoro werudzi urwu ndiF. symphony "Jupiter", umo sonata fomu (ichigadzira chirongwa chayo chekubatana pakati pezvikamu) inosanganisira hurongwa hwakaoma hwekubatana kwemukati pakati pepolyphonic yakapararira. zvikamu zvinomuka sekuvandudzwa kweDOS. sonata form themes. Imwe neimwe yemitsara yemusoro (yekutanga neyechipiri madingindira echikamu chikuru, yekubatanidza uye yechipiri) inowana yayo polyphonic. kusimudzira-kunoitwa nenzira yekutevedzera-canonical. polyphony. Iyo yakarongeka synthesis ye thematism nenzira yekusiyanisa polyphony inoguma mucoda, apo iyo huru thematic inosanganiswa mune shanu-yakasviba fugato. zvinhu uye generalized polyphonic nzira. kukura (musanganiswa wekutevedzera uye kusiyanisa-thematic polyphony).

Mubasa raBeethoven, munyori wemitambo. basa raF. yakawedzera zvisingaite; Zviri nemimhanzi yake kuti mumimhanzi yekuziva kukosha kweF. ye sonata-symphony. kutenderera se "korona", chinangwa, mhedzisiro (A. N. Serov), basa raF. mukuita kwekugadzira kutenderera (N. L. Fishman, semugumisiro wekudzidza zvidhori zve 3rd symphony, akasvika kumhedziso yokuti "zvizhinji muzvikamu zvekutanga zveEroica zvakabva pakuguma kwayo"), pamwe chete nekudiwa kwedzidziso. kukudziridzwa kwemisimboti yeholistic symphony. nziyo. Mune mature Op. Beethoven F. zvishoma nezvishoma inova "center of gravity" yedenderedzwa, nhongonya yaro, uko budiriro yese yapfuura inotungamirwa, mune dzimwe nguva yakabatana neyakapfuura chikamu (maererano nemusimboti weAttacca), ichigadzira pamwe nayo muhafu yechipiri. Yekutenderera chimiro chakasiyana-chakaumbwa. Iyo tsika yekuwedzera mutsauko inotungamira mukugadziriswazve kweiyo yakashandiswa muF. mafomu, to-rye inova thematically uye yakarongeka zvakanyanya monolithic. Saka, semuenzaniso, iyo sonata fomu yekupera kwaBeethoven yakave inoratidzirwa nekuyerera, kudzimwa kweiyo cadence miganhu pakati pemahombe uye mativi zvikamu nezwi ravo. pedyo (feat. sonata Nha. 23 "Appassionata"), muchikamu chekupedzisira misimboti yechinyakare-yakasviba chimiro chine mibatanidzwa inokura yakamutsiridzwa (fp. Sonata Nha. 22), mukusiyana-siyana kwaiva nehukuru hwemhando inoenderera mberi, kushanduka kwekusununguka kwemaitiro kwakaonekwa, kusina kusiyana-siyana kwemisimboti yebudiriro yakapinda mavari - budiriro, fugue (3rd symphony), mu rondo sonatas hukuru hwemafomu ane budiriro hwakave hunoonekwa. , maitiro ekubatanidzwa kwezvikamu (6th symphony). Mukupedzisira mabasa aBeethoven, imwe yemhando yemhando yeF. inova fugue (cello sonata op. 102 no2). Intonac. kugadzirira F. mukugadzira Beethoven inoitwa zvese nerubatsiro rwe melodic-harmonic. kubatanidza, uye zviyeuchidzo zvemusoro (fp. sonata Nhamba 13), monothematism (5th symphony). Inonyanya kukosha ndeye tonal-phonic connections (musimboti we "tonal resonance", izwi reV. AT. Protopopov). organic F. mukutenderera, chimiro chayo munzira. zvishoma nekuda kwekuunganidza muzvikamu zvekare zvezvinhu zvekusiyana, rondo-kufanana, kushandiswa zvine chinangwa kwepolyphonic. maitiro anosarudza kusaenzana kwechimwe chimiro cheuzivi, kureva, e. kuvapo mukati mayo mamwe maitiro echirongwa chechipiri, imwe kana imwe yekubatanidza kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuvaka maitiro, uye mune dzimwe nguva - uye kusarudzwa kweiyo huru. mafomu (misiyano mu3rd uye 9th symphonies). Zvinokosha kuziva kuti symphony yehukuru hwebudiriro inoratidzwa muBeethoven kwete muF. symphonies, asiwo muF. "Chamber" kutenderera - quartets, sonatas (semuenzaniso, F. fp. sonatas Nhamba 21 - rondo huru ine budiriro uye coda, F. fp. sonatas Nha. 29 - kaviri fugue ine yakanyanya kusimba thematic. kukura - "mambokadzi wefugues", mumashoko aF. Buzoni). Imwe yeakanyanya kubudirira aBeethoven - F. 9th symphony. Mafomu uye nzira dzeminyuziyamu dzinoratidzwa pano muchimiro chakamisikidzwa. embodiments yemifananidzo yakaisvonaka. kufara - kuregererwa kwemasimba ekugadzirisa, kuumba kuwedzera kwekunzwa kumwe chete, kukwira kwayo kune apotheosis - fugato mbiri, kuratidza ch. pfungwa yakabatana (ine genre shanduko) 2 huru misoro - "madingindira emufaro" uye "Hug, mamiriyoni"; kusiyana-siyana, kukwira kune couplet uye yakabatana nekushandiswa kwerwiyo rwenziyo, kuzarura zvakasununguka zvakanyanya, zvakafumiswa nemitemo ye fugue, rondo-like, yakaoma-zvikamu zvitatu fomu; kutangwa kwekwaya, uko kwakapfumisa mutinhimira wacho. fomu nemitemo yekuumbwa kwe oratorio; special dramaturgy. pfungwa yeF., isina chete chirevo chekukunda kwegamba. mafungiro (sezvaanowanzoita), asiwo danho rekutsvaga kunoshamisa kunotangira iyo uye kuwanikwa kwe "tsoka" - iyo huru muses. Topics; kukwana kwegadziriro yezvinyorwa. generalizations yaF., akanyatso batanidza iyo innational, harmonic, musiyano, polyphonic, achitambanudzira kwaari kuburikidza nesymphony yese. shinda - zvese izvi zvakaratidza kukosha kwekukanganisa kweF. 9th symphony kumimhanzi yakazotevera uye yakagadziridzwa nevanyori vezvizvarwa zvinotevera. Yakanyanya kunanga. simba raP. 9th symphony - mune symphonies yaG. Berlioz, F. List, A. Bruckner, G.

Mune iyo post-Beethoven art, pane katsika kune kusanganiswa kwemimhanzi nemabhuku, theatre, uzivi, kune hunhu hwemamuses. mifananidzo, kumunhu mumwe nomumwe yemafungiro akatsunga makuru akasiyana-siyana chaiwo ezvinyorwa uye chimiro cheF. Mukubatanidza F. nezvikamu zvakapfuura, pamwe chete nemusoro. ndangariro, misimboti yeLiszt's monothematism uye operatic leitmotivity yakatanga kuita basa rinotungamira. Mumhanzi wepurogiramu yevanyori veRomantic, zviridzwa zvemitambo yemitambo zvakaonekwa, zvakafanana nenhandare ye opera, iyo yakabvumirawo kutamba kwedariro. kuva munhu ("Romeo naJulia" naBerlioz), rudzi rwe "dhimoni" F.-grotesque rakagadzirwa ("Faust" iri symphony naLiszt). Kuvandudzwa kwepfungwa kwekutanga kwakaunza hupenyu hwakasiyana F. - "afterword" muFP. sonata b-moll Chopin, zvinosuruvarisa. F. Adagio lamentoso muTchaikovsky's 6th symphony. Mafomu emashoko akadaro ega ega, sekutonga, haasi echinyakare (muTchaikovsky's 6th symphony, semuenzaniso, nyore-kufamba katatu nekodha inosuma chinhu che sonata); chimiro chesoftware F. dzimwe nguva chiri pasi pechiedza. kuronga, kugadzira mafomu emahara pamwero mukuru (Manfred naTchaikovsky). Kuturikira kweF. semantic uye muchirevo chenyika. pakati pekutenderera, uko zvose zviri zviviri magumo makuru uye kugadziriswa kwemitambo kunoswededzwa. kukakavara, hunhu hwemasymphonies aG. Mahler, anonzi "symphonies of the finals" (P. Becker). Chimiro cheMahler's F., chinoratidza "chikero chakakura chekuumbwa" (mumashoko aMahler pachake) chedenderedzwa rose, chinosarudzwa ne "chirongwa" chemumhanzi wakarongeka mukati umo unobatanidza symphony. pfungwa yeMahler, uye inowanzokura kuita yakakura musiyano-strophic. mafomu.

Zvinorehwa nechikamu chakakosha chekutenderera ndiF. in op. DD Shostakovich. Zvakasiyana-siyana muzvinyorwa (somuenzaniso, kusimbiswa kwekuda kurwa muF. 1st symphony, kufora kwemariro muF. 4th, kusimbiswa kwemaonero enyika ane tariro muF. 5th), maererano nezvikamu zvakapfuura. (mune dzimwe nguva F., kupinda pasina kukanganisa, sezvakaita symphony yechi11, inoita seinotevera kubva pane yose yapfuura nzira yezviitiko, mune dzimwe inoratidzika yakaparadzana zvakasimba, semu 6th symphony), ichiratidza hupamhi husingawanzoitiki hwedenderedzwa re kushandiswa muses. zvinoreva (monothematism - zvese zveBeethoven's (5th symphony) uye Liszt's (1st symphony), nzira yemusoro wemusoro - kusanganisira mu "Russian siyana", sezvayakashandiswa muPI Tchaikovsky, SI Taneyev, AN Scriabin (coda-apotheosis padingindira guru rakashandurwa remusangano wekutanga muF. 1th symphony), chimiro cheinzwi chinomera, kubatanidza nheyo dzaJ. F., semuenzaniso, yechina symphony, "isina-yakarongwa"), Shostakovich's ekupedzisira iratidziro yeCh. essay pfungwa.

2) Mumhanzi weopera, nhanho huru yekubatanidza iyo inosanganisira zvese opera uye zviito zvayo. Opera F. semimhanzi inokurumidza kusimukira. mubatanidzwa unoratidza kuchinjika kwese kwemadhirama. zviito, zvakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi18. muchidimbu. opera buffa; her F. vakapihwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "mabhora", nekuti ivo vainyanya kutarisisa zviri mukati meiyo comedic intrigue. Muna F., kunetsana kwakaramba kuchiwedzera nekuda kwekuonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma pachikuva chevatsva, zvichikanganisa kupenga, uye zvakasvika pakushora kukuru uye kutsamwa (muF. 1st chiitiko - kuguma kwe opera yese, sechinyakare. maviri-chiito), kana kuti denouement (mune yekupedzisira F.). Naizvozvo, dram. chikamu chitsva chega chega chechirongwa chaF. zvinhu; Pakati penzira dzekubatana kweF. kuvharwa kwetoni uye rondo-yakafanana chimiro. Muenzaniso wekutanga we dynamic ensemble F. - mune opera "Gavhuna" naN. Logroshino (1747); kumwe kusimudzirwa kwemazwi ezvekuvhiya kunoitika naN. Piccinni (Mwanasikana Akanaka, 1760), Paisiello (Mukadzi waMiller, 1788), naD. Cimarosa (Muchato Chakavanzika, 1792). Kukwana kweClass F. kunowanikwa mumitambo yeMozart, muses. budiriro to-rykh, zviri nyore kutevera mutambo. chiito, panguva imwechete inotora chimiro chemuses yakakwana. zvimiro. Iyo yakanyanya kuomarara uye "symphonic" mune yavo muses. budiriro inoguma. F. mitambo naMozart - 2nd d. "Muchato weFigaro" uye 1st d. "Don Giovanni".

Rudzi rutsva rwemazwi ekuvhiya akagadzirwa naMI Glinka mune epilogue yaIvan Susanin; chiitiko chikuru chevanhu, mukuumbwa kwacho uko musimboti wekusiyana wakanyanya; nzira dzekusimudzira symphonic dzakabatanidzwa mairi nemaitiro ehuratidziro uye maitiro emutauro weRussia. nar. nziyo.

References: Serov AN, Mhinduro pamusoro pechinyorwa "Chinyorwa chemazuva ano ane mukurumbira anofunga (kubva kune vasiri vaimbi) paBeethoven yepfumbamwe symphony", "Era", 1864, No 7, yakadhindwa zvakare. mune apendikisi kuti Art. TN Livanova "Beethoven neRussia mumhanzi kutsoropodzwa kwezana ramakore reXIX", mubhuku: Beethoven, Sat. st., nyaya. 2, M., 1972; yake pachake, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, chimiro uye zvinoreva, "Modern Chronicle", 1868, May 12, No 16, zvakafanana, mubhuku: AN Serov, Selected Articles, vol. 1, M.-L. , 1950; Asafiev BV, Mumhanzi fomu senzira, bhuku. 1, M., 1930, (mabhuku 1-2), L., 1971; yake pachake, Symphony, mubhuku: Essays on Soviet musical creativity, vol. 1, M.-L., 1947; Livanova T., Nhoroondo yemimhanzi yeWestern Europe kusvika muna 1789, M.-L., 1940; yake pachake, Western Europe mimhanzi yeXVII-XVIII mazana emakore mune akati wandei ehunyanzvi, M., 1977; Bhuku raBeethoven rezvikeche zve1802-1803, tsvakiridzo nekududzirwa naNL Fishman, M., 1962; Protopopov Vl., Testamende yaBeethoven, "SM", 1963, No 7; yake, Nhoroondo yepolyphony muzviitiko zvayo zvakakosha, (nyaya 2), M., 1965; yake pachake, Beethoven's Principles of Musical Form, M., 1970; yake, Paiyo sonata-cyclic fomu mumabasa eChopin, muna Sat: Mibvunzo yemhando yemimhanzi, vol. 2, M., 1972; yake, Rondo Form muMozart's Instrumental Works, M., 1978; ake, Sketches kubva munhoroondo yezviridzwa mafomu e1979 - kutanga kwe1975th mazana emakore, M., 130; Barsova I., Symphonies yaGustav Mahler, M., 3; Tsakher I., Dambudziko rekupedzisira muB-dur quartet op. 1975 Beethoven, muna Sat: Matambudziko eMumhanzi Sayenzi, vol. 1976, M., XNUMX; Sabinina M., Shostakovich-symphonist, M., XNUMX.

TN Dubrovskaya