Ngoma nhoroondo

Ngoma  chiridzwa chinoridzwa. Zvinhu zvekutanga zvaidiwa pangoma iyi manzwi evanhu. Vanhu vekare vaifanira kuzvidzivirira pachikara chinodya nokurova chipfuva chavo uye nokuchema. Zvichienzaniswa nemazuva ano, varidzi vengoma vanoita zvimwe chetezvo. Vakazvirova pachipfuva. Uye vanodanidzira. Chiitiko chinoshamisa.

Makore akapfuura, vanhu vakashanduka. Vanhu vakadzidza kuwana manzwi kubva kunzira dzakavandudzwa. Zvinhu zvakaita sengoma yemazuva ano zvakabuda. Muviri usina mhango wakatorwa sehwaro, ma membrane akadhonzwa pairi mativi ese. Mimbure yaigadzirwa kubva padehwe remhuka, uye ichidhonzwa pamwe chete netsinga dzemhuka imwechete. Gare gare, tambo dzakashandiswa nokuda kweizvi. Mazuva ano, masimbi esimbi anoshandiswa.

Ngoma – nhoroondo, mavambo

Ngoma dzinozivikanwa kuti dziriko muSumer yekare kutenderera 3000 BC. Munguva yekuchera muMesopotamia, zvimwe zvezviridzwa zvekare zvekare zvakawanikwa, zvakaitwa nenzira yemasilinda maduku, mabviro ayo anodzokera kumireniyamu yechitatu BC.

Kubva makarekare, ngoma yave ichishandiswa sechiridzwa chechiratidzo, pamwe chete nekuperekedza kutamba kwetsika, kufora kwemauto, uye mitambo yechitendero.

Ngoma dzakauya kuEurope yemazuva ano kubva kuMiddle East. Iyo prototype yengoma diki (yehondo) yakakweretwa kubva kumaArabu kuSpain nePalestine. Nhoroondo yakareba yekugadzirwa kwechiridzwa inoratidzwawo nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhando dzayo nhasi. Madhiramu emhando dzakasiyana anozivikanwa (kunyangwe ari muchimiro che hourglass - Bata) uye saizi (kusvika 2 m muhupamhi). Kune ndarira, madhiramu emapuranga (asina membrane); iyo inonzi slit drums (ndeyekirasi yemaidiophones), yakadai seAztec teponazl.

Kushandiswa kwezvigubhu muuto reRussia kwakatanga kutaurwa panguva yekukombwa kweKazan muna 1552. Uyewo muuto reRussia, nakry (matamborini) akashandiswa - mabhoilers emhangura akavharwa nematehwe. “Makandira” akadaro aitakurwa nemisoro yemapoka maduku. Manepukeni akasungwa pamberi pemutasvi, pachisharo. Vakandirova neshamhu. Maererano nevanyori vekune dzimwe nyika, hondo yeRussia yakanga inewo "tamborini" huru - dzakatakurwa nemabhiza mana, uye vanhu vasere vakavarova.

Ngoma yakatanga kupi?

MuMesopotamia, vanochera matongo vakawana chiridzwa chepercussion, icho zera rinenge 6 zviuru zvemakore BC, rakagadzirwa nenzira yemasilinda madiki. Mumapako eSouth America, mifananidzo yekare yakawanikwa pamadziro, apo vanhu vairova nemaoko avo pazvinhu zvakafanana zvikuru nemadhiramu. Pakugadzirwa kwezvigubhu zvakashandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu. Pakati pemadzinza echiIndia, muti nemanhanga zvaive zvakanakisa kugadzirisa matambudziko aya. Vanhu veMayan vakashandisa ganda retsoko se membrane, iyo yavakatambanudza pamusoro pemuti usina mhango, uye maInca akashandisa llama ganda.

Munguva dzekare, ngoma yaishandiswa sechiridzwa chechiratidzo, kuperekedza mhemberero dzetsika, mauto ehondo uye mhemberero dzemafaro. Drum roll yakayambira dzinza nezve njodzi, yakaisa varwi vakasvinura, yakaendesa ruzivo rwakakosha nerubatsiro rwezvakagadzirwa rhythmic mapatani. Mune ramangwana, ngoma yemusungo yakawana kukosha kukuru sechiridzwa chemauto chinofora. Tsika dzengoma dzave dziripo pakati pevaIndia nevaAfrica kubva kare. MuEurope, ngoma yakapararira gare gare. Yakauya pano ichibva kuTurkey pakati pezana ramakore rechi 16. Ruzha rune simba rwengoma huru, iripo mumapoka emauto eTurkey, yakavhundutsa vaEurope, uye munguva pfupi yaigona kunzwika mumitambo yemimhanzi yeEurope.

Drum set

Ngoma iyi ine buri cylindrical resonator body yakagadzirwa nematanda (simbi) kana furemu. Mambure edehwe akatambanudzwa pamusoro pawo. Iye zvino mapurasitiki membranes anoshandiswa. Izvi zvakaitika mukupera kwe50s yezana ramakore rechi20, nekuda kwevagadziri Evans naRemo. Membrane yeganda remhuru rinonzwa mamiriro ekunze rakatsiviwa nemamembrane akagadzirwa kubva kumakomboni epolymeric. Nekurova membrane nemaoko ako, kamuti kane muromo wakapfava kubva pachiridzwa chinoburitsa ruzha. Nekudzvanya membrane, chiyero chepakati chinogona kugadziridzwa. Kubva pakutanga, ruzha rwakabviswa nerubatsiro rwemaoko, gare gare vakafunga nezvekushandisa matanda edhiramu, imwe magumo ayo akatenderedzwa uye akaputirwa nejira. Drumstick sezvatinoziva nhasi zvakaunzwa muna 1963 naEverett "Vic" Furse.

Pamusoro penhoroondo yakareba yekugadzirwa kwedhiramu, zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhando dzayo uye magadzirirwo akaonekwa. Kune ndarira, matanda, slotted, madhiramu makuru, anosvika 2 m muhupamhi, pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana (semuenzaniso, Bata - muchimiro che hourglass). Muuto reRussia, maiva nakry (matambureni), ayo akanga ari mabhodha emhangura akavharwa nedehwe. Madhiramu madiki anozivikanwa zvikuru kana tom-toms akauya kwatiri kubva kuAfrica.

Bass drum.
Paunenge uchifunga nezvekuiswa, "mbiya" yakakura inobva yabata ziso rako. Iyi ndiyo bass drum. Iine saizi yakakura uye yakaderera ruzha. Pane imwe nguva yaishandiswa zvikuru mumaokestra nokufora. Yakaunzwa kuEurope kubva kuTurkey muma1500s. Nekufamba kwenguva, chigubhu chebass chakatanga kushandiswa semumhanzi wekuperekedza.

Musungo ngoma uye tom-toms.
Muchitarisiko, tom-toms yakafanana nengoma yakajairika. Asi iyi ihafu chete. Vakatanga kuonekwa muAfrica. Ivo vakagadzirwa kubva muhunde yemiti isina mhango, matehwe emhuka akatorwa sehwaro hwema membrane. Ruzha rweti tom-toms rwaishandiswa kudaidza vamwe vedzinza ravo kuti varwe kana kuvaisa muhope.
Kana tichitaura nezvengoma yemusungo, saka sekuru vake ingoma yehondo. Yakakweretwa kubva kumaArabu aigara muPalestine neSpain. Mukufora kwemauto, akava mubatsiri anokosha.

Plates.
Pakati pe20 yezana remakore rechi20, Charlton Pedal yakaonekwa - tateguru wemazuva ano hi-hata. Makwakwakwa akaiswa pamusoro pechitsiko, uye chitsiko chetsoka chakaiswa pazasi. Chigadzirwa chacho chaiva chiduku zvokuti chakakonzera kusagadzikana kwevanhu vose. Muna 1927, muenzaniso wacho wakagadziridzwa. Uye pakati pevanhu iye akagamuchira zita - "high hats." Nokudaro, rack yakava yakakwirira, uye mahwendefa akava makuru. Izvi zvakaita kuti vairi vengoma vatambe netsoka dzavo dzose nemaoko. Kana kubatanidza mabasa. Ngoma dzakatanga kukwezva vanhu vakawanda. Mazano matsva akadururwa mumanotsi.

"Pedal".
Yekutanga pedal yakazvizivisa muna 1885. Inventor - George R. Olney. Vanhu vatatu vaidiwa pakutamba kwakajairika kwekiti: makwakwakwa esimbi, bass drum uye snare drum. Mudziyo waOlney waiita sechitsigiro chainge chakanamirwa pamuromo wedhiramu, uye chitsigiro chainge chakanamirwa pamhanho sebhora patambo yedehwe.

Ngoma tsvimbo.
Tsvimbo hadzina kuzvarwa pakarepo. Pakutanga, manzwi aibudiswa nerubatsiro rwemaoko. Gare gare zvitanda zvakaputirwa zvakashandiswa. Tsvimbo dzakadaro, izvo isu tose tajaira kuona, zvakaonekwa muna 1963. Kubva ipapo, tsvimbo dzakaitwa imwe kune imwe - yakaenzana muhuremu, ukuru, kureba uye kubudisa tonaliti imwechete.

Kushandiswa kwengoma nhasi

Nhasi, zvigubhu zviduku uye zvakakura zvakasimba zvakava chikamu che symphony uye mabhendi endarira. Kazhinji ngoma inova muimbi weokestra. Kurira kwengoma kunonyorwa pamutongi mumwe ("shinda"), apo chete rhythm inotaridzwa. Hazvina kunyorwa padanda, nekuti. chiridzwa hachina hurefu chaihwo. Iyo ngoma yemusungo inonzwika yakaoma, yakasiyana, chikamu chinosimbisa zvakakwana rhythm yemimhanzi. Mitsindo ine simba yengoma yebass inoyeuchidza kungave kutinhira kwepfuti kana kuti mabhanan'ana. Iyo hombe, yakaderera-yakadzika bass dhiramu ndiyo inotangira maokestra, hwaro hwemitambo. Nhasi, chigubhu ndicho chimwe chezviridzwa zvakakosha mumaokestra ese, zvinonyanya kukosha mukuita kwechero nziyo, nziyo, mutori wechikamu mumakwikwi emauto nemapiyona, uye nhasi - makongiresi evechidiki, misangano. Muzana ramakore rechi20, kufarira zviridzwa zvinoridzwa kwakawedzera, kusvika pakudzidza nekuita kwenziyo dzeAfrica. Kushandisa makandira kunoshandura kurira kwechiridzwa. Pamwe chete nezviridzwa zvemagetsi, ngoma dzemagetsi dzakabuda.

Nhasi, vaimbi vari kuita izvo zvakanga zvisingabviri hafu yezana remakore rapfuura - kubatanidza manzwi emagetsi uye acoustic drums. Nyika inoziva mazita evaimbi vakatanhamara vakadai semuimbi ane hunyanzvi Keith Moon, Phil Collins anoyevedza, mumwe wevatambi vengoma vakanaka kwazvo pasi rose, Ian Paice, Chirungu virtuoso Bill Bruford, ane mukurumbira Ringo Starr, Ginger Baker, aive kutanga kushandisa 2 bass madhiramu panzvimbo imwe, uye mamwe akawanda.