Bass Gitare Nhoroondo

Nekuuya kwe jazz-rock, vaimbi ve jazz vakatanga kushandisa zviridzwa zvemagetsi nemigumisiro yakasiyana-siyana, vachitsvaga "manzwi palettes" matsva kwete maitiro ejaidhi echinyakare. Zviridzwa zvitsva nemhedzisiro zvakaitawo kuti zvikwanise kuwana nzira nyowani dzekutamba. Sezvo maartist ejazz agara ane mukurumbira nekuda kweruzha uye hunhu hwavo, maitiro aya aive echisikigo kwavari. Mumwe wevatsvakurudzi ve<em>jazz akanyora kuti: “Muimbi weJazz ane inzwi rake pachake. Maitiro ekuongorora ruzha rwayo agara akavakirwa kwete zvakanyanya pamazano echinyakare nezve ruzha rwechiridzwa, asi pa[ruzha] manzwiro. Uye, chimwe chezviridzwa zvakazviratidza mujazz uye jazz-rock mabhendi e70-80s yaive bass gitare ,  nhoroondo ye izvo zvauchadzidza munyaya ino.

Vatambi vakadai Stanley Clarke uye Jaco Pastorius  vatora bass gitare vachiridza kusvika padanho idzva munhoroondo pfupi yechiridzwa, vachiisa mwero kuzvizvarwa zvevatambi vebass. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakamborambwa ne “chinyakare” mabhendi ejazz (ane bass kaviri), gitare rebass ratora nzvimbo yaro yakakodzera mujazz nekuda kwekureruka kwekufambisa uye kukwidziridzwa kwemasaini.

ZVINODIWA PAKUGADZIRA CHITSVA CHINHU

Ruzha rwechiridzwa idambudziko risingaperi kune kaviri bassists. Pasina kukwidziridzwa, zvakanyanya kuoma kukwikwidza muchiyero chevhoriyamu nedhiramu, piyano, gitare uye bhendi rendarira. Zvakare, mutambi webhesi kazhinji aisazvinzwa nekuti vamwe vese vairidza zvine ruzha. Chaive chishuwo chekugadzirisa dambudziko rekurira kwebass kaviri kwakakurudzira Leo Fender nevamwe vagadziri vegitare pamberi pake kuti vagadzire chiridzwa chakasangana nezvinodiwa nemuimbi we jazz. Pfungwa yaLeo yaive yekugadzira vhezheni yemagetsi yemabhesi maviri kana bass shanduro yegitare remagetsi.

Chiridzwa ichi chaifanira kuzadzisa zvaidiwa nevaimbi vairidza mumabhendi madiki ekutamba muUS. Kwavari, zvaive zvakakosha kuti zvive nyore kutakura chiridzwa kana zvichienzaniswa nebass kaviri, hukuru hwekutaura kwenyika [magadzirirwo anovaka sei chinyorwa], pamwe nekukwanisa kuwana chiyero chinodiwa chevhoriyamu negitare remagetsi richiwana mukurumbira.

Mumwe angafungidzira kuti gitare rebass raizivikanwa pakati pezvikwata zvemimhanzi zvakakurumbira, asi chaizvoizvo, yainyanya kuwanda pakati pezvikwata zvejazz zvema50s. Kunewo ngano yekuti Leo Fender akagadzira bass gitare. Muchokwadi, akagadzira dhizaini yakave yakanyanya kubudirira uye inotengeswa, ichienzaniswa nevakwikwidzi.

ZVINHU ZVOKUTANGA ZVIYEDZO ZEGITAR MANUFACTURERS

Kare Leo Fender asati asvika, kubva muzana ramakore rechi 15, kuedza kwakaitwa kugadzira bass rejista chiridzwa chaizoburitsa yakachena, ine ruzha rwakadzika magumo. Zviyedzo izvi zvaisangosanganisira kutsvaga ukuru uye chimiro chakakodzera, asi zvakasvikawo pakubatanidza nyanga, sepamagiramufoni ekare, munzvimbo yebhiriji kukwidziridza ruzha nekuiparadzira nenzira kwayo.

Imwe yekuedza kugadzira chiridzwa chakadaro yaive Regal bass gitare (Regal Bassoguitar) , yakabudiswa mukutanga kwema30s. Prototype yayo yaive acoustic gitare, asi yairidzwa yakamira. Saizi yechishandiso yakasvika 1.5 m kureba, kusasanganisa kota-mita spire. Iyo fretboard yaive yakati sandarara kunge gitare, uye sikero yaive 42” senge pamabhesi maviri. Uyewo muchimbo ichi, kuedza kwakaitwa kugadzirisa matambudziko eizwi e-double bass - pakanga pane zvigunwe pamunwe, asi dzakatemwa dzichiputika nechepamusoro pemutsipa. Saka, yaive yekutanga prototype ye fretless bass gitare ine fretboard markings (Ex.1).

Gare gare mukupera kwema1930, Gibson vakazivisa zvavo Electric Bass Guitar , hombe semi-acoustic gitare ine yakatwasuka pickup uye yemagetsi pickup. Nehurombo, iwo ega amplifiers panguva iyoyo akagadzirirwa gitare, uye chiratidzo chechiridzwa chitsva chakakanganiswa nekuda kwekutadza kweamplifier kubata yakaderera frequency. Gibson chete akabudisa zviridzwa zvakadaro kwemakore maviri kubva 1938 kusvika 1940 (Eks. 2).

Mazhinji mabhesi emagetsi maviri akaonekwa muma30s, uye mumwe wevamiriri vemhuri iyi aive Rickenbacker Electro Bass-Viol yakagadzirwa naGeorge Beauchamp (George Beauchamp) . Yakanga yakashongedzwa netsvimbo yesimbi yakanamira muchivharo cheamp, pickup yakaita seshangu yebhiza, uye tambo dzakanga dzakaputirwa mufoiri panzvimbo iri pamusoro pepikipi yacho. Iyi yemagetsi kaviri bass haina kuitirwa kuti ikunde musika uye kuve yakakurumbira chaizvo. Zvisinei, Electro Bass-Viol inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yekutanga bass yemagetsi yakanyorwa pane rekodhi. Yakashandiswa pakurekodha Mark Allen uye Orchestra yake Mune 30s.

Mazhinji, kana asiri ese, emabass gitare madhizaini ema1930 aive akavakirwa pane angave acoustic gitare dhizaini kana maviri bass dhizaini, uye yaifanirwa kushandiswa yakatwasuka chinzvimbo. Dambudziko rekukwidziridzwa kwemasaini rakanga risisaite zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemapikicha, uye matambudziko einzwi akagadziriswa nerubatsiro rwemafrets kana kanenge mamaki pamunwe. Asi matambudziko ekukura nemafambisirwo ematurusi aya akanga asati agadziriswa.

YEKUTANGA BASS GITAR AUDIOVOX MODEL 736

Muma1930 mamwe chetewo, Paul H. Tutmarc akaunza hutsva hwakakosha mukugadzira bass gitare makore gumi nemashanu pamberi penguva yake. Muna 15 Tutmark's Audiovox Manufacturing kambani yakaburitswa yekutanga bass gitare pasi rose sezvatinoziva iye zvino Audiovox Model 736 . Gitare rakagadzirwa kubva padanda rimwe chete, raive netambo 4, mutsipa une frets uye magnetic pickup. Pakazara, anenge zana emagitare aya akabudiswa, uye nhasi vapukunyuki vatatu chete vanozivikanwa, mutengo weiyo unogona kusvika kupfuura $100. Muna 20,000, mwanakomana waPaul Bud Tutmark akaedza kuvaka pane zano rababa vake ne Serenader Electric String Bass , asi zvakakundikana.

Sezvo pasina iyo yakawanda iyo gap pakati peTutmark neFender bass magitare, zvine musoro kushamisika kana Leo Fender akaona Tutmark mhuri magitare mune pepanhau ad, semuenzaniso? Basa raLeo Fender uye nyanzvi yehupenyu Richard R. Smith, munyori we Fender: The Sound Heard 'kutenderera pasirese, anotenda kuti Fender haana kutevedzera zano raTutmark. Chimiro cheLeo's bass chakakopwa kubva kuTelecaster uye chaive nechiyero chakakura kupfuura Tutmark's bass.

KUTANGA KWEFENDER BASS EXPANSION

Muna 1951, Leo Fender akapa mvumo itsva yebass gitare dhizaini yakaratidza shanduko mu nhoroondo yebass gitare uye mumhanzi zvakazara. Kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweLeo Fender mabhesi kwakagadzirisa matambudziko ese aifanirwa kutarisana nebassists panguva iyoyo: kuvabvumira kuti vawedzere, kuderedza mutengo wekutakura chiridzwa, uye kuvabvumira kuti vatambe nekutaura kwakaringana. Sezvineiwo, Fender bass magitare akatanga kuwana mukurumbira mujazz, kunyangwe pakutanga vatambi vazhinji vebhesi vaisada kuigamuchira, kunyangwe zvese zvayakanakira.

Tisingazvitarisiri, takaona kuti pakanga pane chimwe chinhu chakanga chisina kunaka pabhendi racho. Yakanga isina bassist, kunyangwe tainzwa bass zvakajeka. Chechipiri gare gare, takaona chimwe chinhu chataisatomboziva: pakanga paine vairidza magitare maviri, kunyangwe takangonzwa gitare rimwe chete. Kwapera kanguva, zvinhu zvose zvakava pachena. Padivi pevairidza gitare pakanga pakagara mumwe muimbi airidza zvaiita segitare remagetsi, asi paakanyatsotarisisa, mutsipa wegitare rake wakanga wakareba, une manyawi, uye muviri wakaumbwa zvisinganzwisisike une mapfumo ekudzora uye tambo yaimhanya ichienda. iyo amp.

DOWNBEAT MAGAZINI JULY 1952

Leo Fender akatumira akati wandei mabhesi ake kune vatungamiriri vevakakurumbira orchestras panguva iyoyo. Mumwe wavo akaenda kumba lionel hampton Orchestra muna 1952. Hampton akafarira chiridzwa chitsva zvekuti akasimbirira kuti mutambi webhesi. Monk Montgomery , mukoma wegitare Wes Montgomery , ridza. Bassist Steve Kumedza , achitaura nezvaMontgomery somutambi ane mukurumbira munhoroondo yebhesi: “Kwemakore akawanda ndiye ega akanyatsovhura kugona kwechiridzwa murock and roll neblues.” Mumwe mutambi webhesi akatanga kuridza bass Shifte Henry kubva kuNew York, airidza jazz nekusvetuka mabhendi (jump blues).

Nepo vaimbi vejazz vaive vakangwarira nezvechigadzirwa chitsva ichi, Precision Bass yakaswedera pedyo nemhando itsva yemimhanzi - rock and roll. Yakanga iri muchimiro ichi kuti gitare rebass rakatanga kushandiswa zvisina tsitsi nekuda kwesimba rayo rekuita - neiyo amplification yakakodzera, hazvina kuoma kubata nehuwandu hwegitare remagetsi. Iyo bass gitare yakashandura zvachose chiyero chesimba mu ensemble: muchikamu che rhythm, pakati pendarira bhendi uye zvimwe zviridzwa.

Chicago bluesman Dave Myers, mushure mekushandisa bass gitare mubhendi rake, akaisa de facto mwero wekushandisa bass gitare mune mamwe mabhendi. Iyi nzira yakaunza mitsva mitsva mitsva yeblues scene uye kubuda kwezvikwata zvakakura, nekuda kwekusada kwevaridzi vechikwata kubhadhara mitsetse mikuru apo mitsetse miduku inogona kuita zvakafanana nemari shoma.

Mushure mekukurumidza kupinzwa kwegitare rebass mumhanzi, zvakaramba zvichikonzera dambudziko pakati pevamwe vanoridza mabhesi maviri. Pasinei nezvakanaka zvese zviri pachena zvechiridzwa chitsva, gitare rebass rakashaya mataurirwo arimo mumabass maviri. Pasinei ne "matambudziko" ekurira kwechiridzwa mumagariro ejazz ensembles, kureva Nezviridzwa zveacoustic chete, vazhinji vanoridza mabhesi maviri akadai saRon Carter, semuenzaniso, vakashandisa gitare rebass paidiwa. Muchokwadi, vazhinji "vaimbi vechinyakare jazz" vakadai saStan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Jack DeJohnette vaisapikisa kushandiswa kwayo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, gitare rebass rakatanga kufamba nenzira yaro nevaimbi vachiiburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuitora kune imwe nhanho.

Kubva pakutanga…

Yekutanga inozivikanwa yemagetsi bass gitare yakagadzirwa mu1930s neSeattle muvambi uye muimbi Paul Tutmark, asi haina kubudirira zvakanyanya uye kugadzirwa kwakakanganikwa. Leo Fender akagadzira Precision Bass, iyo yakatanga muna 1951. Zvigadziriswa zviduku zvakaitwa pakati pe-50s. Kubva ipapo, shanduko shoma dzakaitwa kune yakakurumidza kuve iyo indasitiri chiyero. Iyo Precision Bass ichiri yakanyanya kushandiswa bass gitare uye akawanda makopi echiridzwa chinoshamisa ichi akagadzirwa nevamwe vanogadzira pasi rese.

Makore mashoma mushure mekugadzirwa kwekutanga bass gitare, akapa chechipiri brainchild kunyika - Jazz Bass. Yaiva negotsi iri mutete, inotambika uye mapikicha maviri, imwe pickup iri pamuswe uye imwe kugotsi. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera tonal range. Pasinei nezita racho, Jazz bass inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzose dzemimhanzi yemazuva ano. Kufanana neiyo Precision, chimiro uye dhizaini yeJazz Bass yakadzokororwa nevazhinji vavaki vegitare.

Kwayedza yeindasitiri

Kwete kudarikwa, Gibson akaunza bhesi rekutanga diki rakaita seviolin iro raigona kuridzwa richidzika kana rakachinjika. Vakabva vagadzira inonyanyozivikanwa EB yakatevedzana yemabhesi, neEB-3 iriyo yakabudirira zvakanyanya. Ipapo kwakauya iyo Thunderbird bass ine mukurumbira zvakaenzana, yaive yekutanga bass ine 34 ″ chiyero.

Imwe yakakurumbira bass mutsara ndeyeMusic Man kambani, yakagadziridzwa naLeo Fender mushure mekusiya kambani ine zita rake. The Music Man Stingray inozivikanwa nekudzika kwayo, punchy toni uye classic dhizaini.

Kune gitare rebhesi rakabatana nemuimbi mumwechete - Hofner Violin Bass, yava kunzi Beatle Bass. nekuda kwekushamwaridzana kwake naPaul McCartney. Muimbi ane mukurumbira wenziyo anorumbidza bhesi iri nekuda kwehuremu hwaro uye kugona kujairana nekuruboshwe. Ndicho chikonzero anoshandisa Hofner bass kunyange makore makumi mashanu gare gare. Kunyangwe paine mamwe akawanda bass gitare akasiyana anowanikwa, iwo mazhinji ndiwo mamodheru anotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chino uye replicas yawo.

Kubva panguva yejazz kusvika kumazuva ekutanga e rock and roll, mabhesi maviri uye hama dzake dzakashandiswa. Nekuvandudzwa kwezvose zviri zviviri jazz nedombo, uye chishuwo chekutakurika kukuru, kutakurika, nyore kutamba, uye kusiyanisa mumagetsi bass ruzha, mabhesi emagetsi akwira mukurumbira. Kubva 1957, apo Elvis Presley bassist Bill Black "anoenda kumagetsi" ane yakanakisa bass mitsara yaPaul McCartney, iyo psychedelic bass kuvandudzwa kwaJack Bruce, mitsara inodonha yejazz yaJaco Pastorius, mitsetse inofambira mberi yaTony Levine naChris Squire. zvinofambiswa, bass gitare rave simba risingamisikike. mumimhanzi.

BASS GITAR PANE STUDIO RECORDINGS

Muma1960, vatambi vebass vakagarawo zvakanyanya mumastudio. Pakutanga, mabhesi maviri akadanwa pakurekodhwa nebass gitare, izvo zvakagadzira iyo tick-tock maitiro aidiwa nevagadziri. Dzimwe nguva, mabhesi matatu akatora chikamu mukurekodha: kaviri bass, Fender Precision uye 6-tambo Danelectro. Kuziva mukurumbira we Dano bass , Leo Fender akaburitsa yake Fender Bass VI muna 1961.

Kusvikira pakupera kwema60s, gitare rebass rairidzwa zvakanyanya neminwe kana kutora. Kusvikira Larry Graham atanga kurova tambo nechigunwe chake uye achikochekera nechigunwe chake. Iyo itsva "kurova nekudzura" percussion technique yaingove nzira yekuzadza kushaya kwemuridzi wengoma mubhendi. Achirova tambo nechigunwe chake, akatevedzera bhesi, uye kugadzira chirauro nechigunwe chake, dhiramu remusungo.

Kwapera chinguva, Stanley Clarke akabatanidza maitiro aLarry Graham uye yakasarudzika maitiro evaviri bassist Scott LaFaro mune yake yekutamba, kuva wekutanga bass mutambi munhoroondo ne Dzoka kuna Nokusingaperi muna 1971.

BASS GUITARS KUBVA KUNE ZVIMWE ZVIRONGO

Muchinyorwa chino, takatarisa nhoroondo yebass gitare kubva kwayakatanga, mamodheru ekuyedza akaedza kuita ruzha, kureruka, uye tonally zvakanyanya kupfuura mabhesi maviri kusati kwawedzera mabhesi eFender. Ehe, Fender yanga isiri iyo yega kugadzira bass magitare. Pakarepo apo chiridzwa chitsva chakatanga kuwana mukurumbira, vagadziri vezviridzwa zvemimhanzi vakabata wave uye vakatanga kupa budiriro yavo kune vatengi.

Höfner akaburitsa violin yavo-sepfupi-scale bass gitare muna 1955, achingoidaidza kuti  Höfner 500/1 . Gare gare, iyi modhi yakazozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuti yakasarudzwa sechiridzwa chikuru naPaul McCartney, mutambi weBass weBeatles. Gibson haana kusarira kumashure kwevakwikwidzi. Asi, ese aya zviridzwa, seFender Precision Bass, anokodzera chinyorwa chakasiyana mukati meiyi blog. Uye rimwe zuva iwe zvechokwadi uchaverenga nezvavo pamapeji esaiti!