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Sarasate inoshamisa. Manzwiro anoita violin yake ndiyo nzira yaasina kumboridzwa nayo nemunhu. L. Auer
Muimbi weviolin wekuSpain uye munyori wenziyo P. Sarasate aive mumiriri akangwara weanogara achirarama, virtuoso art. "Paganini yekupera kwezana remakore, mambo weunyanzvi hwehupenzi, muongorori wezuva anopenya," ndiyo iyo Sarasate yakadanwa nevaairarama navo. Kunyange vashori vakuru vekunaka muunyanzvi, I. Joachim naL. Auer, vakakotama pamberi pechiridzwa chake chinoshamisa. Sarasate akaberekerwa mumhuri yemukuru wemauto. Kubwinya kwakamuperekedza zvechokwadi kubva pamatanho ekutanga ebasa rake reunyanzvi. Atova pazera re8 akapa makonti ake ekutanga muLa Coruña uyezve kuMadrid. Mambokadzi weSpain Isabella, achiyemura tarenda remuimbi mudiki, akapa Sarasate violin yeA. Stradivari uye akamupa bhezari kuti adzidze kuParis Conservatory.
Gore rimwe chete rezvidzidzo mukirasi yaD. Alar raikwana kuti mutambi weviolin wemakore gumi nematatu apedze kudzidza kubva kune imwe yenzvimbo dzepamusoro-soro pasi rose nemenduru yegoridhe. Nekudaro, achinzwa kudikanwa kwekudzika ruzivo rwake rwemumhanzi uye theoretical, akadzidza kuumbwa kwemamwe makore maviri. Mushure mekupedza dzidzo yake, Sarasate anoita nzendo dzakawanda dzekonzati kuenda kuEurope neAsia. Kaviri (2-1867, 70-1889) akaita rwendo rukuru rwekonzati munyika dzeNorth neSouth America. Sarasate yakashanyira Russia kakawanda. Kuvhara hukama hwekugadzira uye hushamwari hwakamubatanidza nevaimbi veRussia: P. Tchaikovsky, L. Auer, K. Davydov, A. Verzhbilovich, A. Rubinshtein. Pamusoro pekonzati yakabatanidzwa neyapashure muna 90, mutori wenhau wenziyo wokuRussia akanyora, kuti: “Sarasate haienzaniswi mukuridza violin sezvo Rubinstein asina anokwikwidza mundima yokuridza piyano . . .
Vagari venguva vakaona chakavanzika cheSarasate yekugadzira uye yerunako rwemunhu mune ingangoita yemwana yekuona kwake pasirese. Zvinoenderana nendangariro dzeshamwari, Sarasate aive murume ane moyo wakapfava, aifarira kunhonga nzimbe, mabhokisi efodya, uye mamwe magizmo ekare. Mushure mezvo, muimbi akatamisa muunganidzwa wese waakange aunganidza kuguta rake rePamplrne. Hunyanzvi hwakajeka, hunofadza hweSpanish virtuoso hwakakwezva vateereri kweinoda kusvika hafu yezana ramakore. Kutamba kwake kwakakwezvwa neruzha rwakanaka-rwesirivheri rweviolin, virtuoso inoshamisa, kureruka kunofadza uye, kuwedzera, kufara kwerudo, nhetembo, hunhu hwemazwi. Repertoire yemuinzi weviolinist yaive yakakura zvakasarudzika. Asi nekubudirira kukuru, akaita nziyo dzake: "Spanish Dances", "Basque Capriccio", "Aragonese Hunt", "Andalusian Serenade", "Navarra", "Habanera", "Zapateado", "Malagueña", ane mukurumbira. "Gypsy Melodies" . Muzvinyorwa izvi, maumbirwo enyika ekugadzira uye kuita kwaSarasate ainyanya kuratidzwa: rhythmic mavambo, kugadzirwa kwemavara eruzha, kuita kusinganzwisisike kwetsika dzechivanhu. Mabasa ese aya, pamwe chete nefungidziro mbiri dzekonzati huru Faust naCarmen (pamusoro wema opera ezita rimwe chete naCh. Gounod naG. Bizet), vachiri mune repertoire yevanoridza violin. Mabasa eSarasate akasiya mucherechedzo unokosha munhoroondo yemimhanzi yezviridzwa zveSpain, ine simba guru mubasa raI. Albeniz, M. de Falla, E. Granados.
Vazhinji vanyori vakuru venguva iyoyo vakatsaurira mabasa avo kuSarasata. Zvaiva nekuita kwake mupfungwa kuti shasha dzakadaro dzemimhanzi yeviolin dzakagadzirwa seIntroduction uye Rondo-Capriccioso, "Havanese" uye Third Violin Concerto naC. Saint-Saens, "Spanish Symphony" naE. Lalo, the Second Violin. Concerto uye "Scottish Fantasy" M Bruch, konzati suite naI. Raff. G. Wieniawski (Second Violin Concerto), A. Dvorak (Mazurek), K. Goldmark naA. Mackenzie vakatsaurira mabasa avo kumuimbi ane mukurumbira wokuSpain. “Kukosha kukurusa kweSarasate,” akadaro Auer muiyi nhauro, “kwakavakirwa pakuzivikanwa kukuru kwokuti akahwina nokuita kwake nziyo dzakatanhamara dze<em>violin dzenguva yake.” Uku ndiko kunaka kukuru kweSarasate, chimwe chezvinhu zvinofambira mberi zvekuita kweiyo huru yeSpanish virtuoso.
I. Vetlitsyna
Virtuoso art haife. Kunyangwe munguva yekukunda kwepamusoro-soro kwemaitiro ekugadzira, pane nguva dzose vaimbi vanobata ne "pure" virtuosity. Sarasate aive mumwe wavo. "Paganini yekupera kwezana ramakore", "mambo wehunyanzvi hwekuita cadence", "zuva-rinopenya muimbi" - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo vanhu vemazuva ano vakadana Sarasate. Asati aita hunhu hwake, zvinoshamisa zvekushandisa zvakakotamisa kunyangwe avo vakaramba hunhu muhunyanzvi - Joachim, Auer.
Sarasate yakakunda munhu wese. Chakavanzika cherunako rwake rwakanga rwuri mukudokuva kwemwana kwehunyanzvi hwake. "Havatsamwi" nevanyori vakadaro, mimhanzi yavo inogamuchirwa sekuimba kweshiri, semanzwi ezvisikwa - ruzha rwesango, kugunun'una kwerukova. Kunze kwekunge panogona kunge paine zvirevo kune nightingale? Anoimba! Ndizvo zvakaita Sarasate. Akaimba paviolin - uye vateereri vakaoma nemufaro; "akapenda" mifananidzo yemavara emitambo yevanhu vekuSpain - uye vakaonekwa mukufungidzira kwevateereri sevapenyu.
Auer akaisa Sarasate (mushure meViettan naJoachim) pamusoro pevatambi vese vehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Mumutambo waSarasate, akashamiswa nekureruka kunoshamisa, hunhu, kureruka kwemidziyo yake yehunyanzvi. “Mamwe manheru,” I. Nalbandian anonyora muyeuko dzake, “ndakakumbira Auer kuti andiudze nezveSarasat. Leopold Semyonovich akasimuka kubva pasofa, akanditarisa kwenguva yakareba uye akati: Sarasate inoshamisa chiitiko. Manzwiro anoita violin yake ndiyo nzira yaasina kumboridzwa nayo nemunhu. Mukutamba kwaSarasate, haugone kunzwa "kicheni" zvachose, pasina bvudzi, hapana rosin, hapana shanduko yeuta uye hapana basa, kunetsana - anotamba zvese achiseka, uye zvese zvinonzwika zvakanaka naye ... "Kutumira Nalbandian kuBerlin, Auer akamurayira kushandisa mukana upi noupi, kuteerera Sarasate, uye kana mukana ukavapo, kumuridzira violin. Nalbandian anowedzera kuti panguva imwe cheteyo, Auer akamutambidza tsamba yerumbidzo, ine kero ine laconic pahamvuropu: "Europe - Sarasate." Uye zvakanga zvakakwana.
“Pandakadzokera kuRussia,” Nalbandian anopfuurira, “ndakaita mushumo une udzame kuna Auer, uyo akati: “Unoona kubatsirwa kwawakaitwa norwendo rwako rwokunze. Iwe wakanzwa mienzaniso yepamusoro-soro yekuitwa kwemabasa echinyakare nevaimbi vakuru Joachim naSarasate - yakanyanya kunaka virtuoso kukwana, chiitiko chinoshamisa chekuridza violin. Murume ane rombo rakanaka sei Sarasate, kwete sesu tiri varanda veviolin vanofanirwa kushanda zuva nezuva, uye anoraramira mafaro ake. Uye akawedzera, "Sei achifanira kutamba iye zvese zvave kutomuitira?" Apedza kutaura izvi, Auer akatarisa maoko ake neshungu ndokutura befu. Auer aive nemaoko "asingaongi" uye aifanira kushanda nesimba mazuva ese kuti achengete nzira."
“Zita rokuti Sarasate rakanga riri remashiripiti nokuda kwavanoridza violin,” anonyora kudaro K. Flesh. - Nekuremekedza, sekunge chimwe chiitiko chinobva kune imwe nyika inoshamisa, isu vakomana (iyi yaiva muna 1886) takatarisa muSpain ane maziso matema-akanyatsogadziriswa jet-black ndebvu uye zvakafanana, dzakamonana, dzakanyatsokama bvudzi . Murume mudiki uyu akakwira pachikuva nenhanho refu, aine hukuru hwechokwadi hweSpanish, kunze kwakadzikama, kunyangwe phlegmatic. Uye ipapo akatanga kutamba nekusununguka-kusinganzwisisike, nekukasira kwakaunzwa kumuganhu, kuunza vateereri mumufaro mukuru.
Upenyu hwaSarasate hwakaratidza kuva hunofadza zvikuru. Akanga ari mupfungwa izere yeshoko racho aidiwa uye mudiwa wenguva yemberi.
“Ndakaberekwa,” anonyora kudaro, “musi waMarch 14, 1844, muPamplona, guta guru reruwa rweNavarre. Baba vangu vaiva kondakita wechiuto. Ndakadzidza kuridza violin kubvira ndichiri mudiki. Pandaingova nemakore mashanu, ndakanga ndatotamba pamberi paMambokadzi Isabella. Mambo vakafarira kuita kwandaiita vakabva vandipa mari yepenjeni yaiita kuti ndiende kuParis kunodzidza.
Tichitarisa nemamwe mabiographies eSarasate, ruzivo urwu haruna kururama. Akazvarwa kwete musi waMarch 14, asi musi waMarch 10, 1844. Pakuberekwa, akanzi Martin Meliton, asi akazotora zita rokuti Pablo pachake gare gare, achigara muParis.
Baba vake, Basque nerudzi, vaive muimbi akanaka. Pakutanga, iye pachake akadzidzisa mwanakomana wake violin. Pazera re8, mwana prodigy akapa konzati muLa Coruna uye tarenda yake yakanga iri pachena zvokuti baba vake vakasarudza kuenda naye kuMadrid. Apa akapa mukomana kudzidza Rodriguez Saez.
Muridzi weviolin paakanga ava nemakore 10, akaratidzwa mudare. Mutambo weSarasate mudiki wakaita zvinoshamisa. Akagamuchira yakanaka Stradivarius violin kubva kuna Mambokadzi Isabella sechipo, uye dare reMadrid rakatora mari yekuwedzera dzidzo yake.
Muna 1856, Sarasate akatumirwa kuParis, kwaakagamuchirwa mukirasi yake nemumwe wevamiririri vakatanhamara vechikoro cheFrench violin, Delphine Alar. Mwedzi mipfumbamwe gare gare (zvinenge zvisingadaviriki!) akapedza kosi yakazara yeimba yokuchengeta tsika uye akahwina mubairo wokutanga.
Zviripachena, mudiki weviolinist akauya kuna Alar atove nehunyanzvi hwakagadziridzwa, zvikasadaro kupedza kwake mheni-kukurumidza kubva kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza hakugone kutsanangurwa. Zvisinei, mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza mukirasi yeviolin, akagara muParis kwemamwe makore 6 kuti adzidze dzidziso yemimhanzi, kuwirirana uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzeunyanzvi. Chete mugore rechigumi nemanomwe roupenyu hwake Sarasate akasiya Paris Conservatory. Kubva panguva ino anotanga hupenyu hwake seanofambira konzati mutambi.
Pakutanga, akaenda parwendo rwakarebesa rweAmerica. Yakarongwa nemushambadzi akapfuma Otto Goldschmidt, aigara kuMexico. Muridzi wepiyano akanakisa, kuwedzera kumabasa eimpresario, akatora mabasa emuperekedzi. Rwendo rwacho rwakabudirira mune zvemari, uye Goldschmidt akazova mutungamiriri weSarasate kweupenyu hwose.
Mushure meAmerica, Sarasate akadzokera kuEurope uye akakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira wakanaka pano. Makonzati ake munyika dzose dzeEurope anoitwa mukukunda, uye munyika yake anova gamba renyika. Muna 1880, muBarcelona, Sarasate vanoyemura vanofarira vakaita mudungwe wemwenje wakapindwa nevanhu 2000. Masangano ezvitima muSpain akapa zvitima zvakakwana kuti ashandise. Aiuya kuPamplona rinenge gore negore, vanhu vomutaundi racho vaimurongera misangano youmbozha, yaitungamirirwa nemanisiparati. Mukukudza kwake, mabhuru aigara achipihwa, Sarasate yakapindura kukudzwa kwese uku nemakonzati achifarira varombo. Chokwadi, kamwe (muna 1900) mitambo panhambo yokusvika kweSarasate muPamplona yakadokuva yakavhiringidzwa. Meya achangosarudzwa weguta akaedza kuvamisa nezvikonzero zvezvematongerwo enyika. Akanga ari monarchist, uye Sarasate aizivikanwa sedemocrat. Zvinangwa zvameya zvakakonzera hasha. “Mapepanhau akapindira. Uye kanzuru yakakundwa, pamwe chete nemukuru wayo, vakamanikidzwa kusiya basa. Mhosva yacho zvichida ndiyo yega yerudzi rwayo.
Sarasate yakashanyira Russia kakawanda. Kwenguva yokutanga, muna 1869, akashanyira Odessa bedzi; kechipiri - muna 1879 akafamba muSt. Petersburg neMoscow.
Izvi ndizvo zvakanyorwa naL. Auer: “Mumwe wevanonyanya kufadza pakati pevokumwe vakakurumbira vakakokwa neSosaiti (kureva Russian Musical Society. – LR) akanga ari Pablo de Sarasate, panguva iyeyo akanga achiri muimbi wechiduku akauya kwatiri pashure pokupenya kwake kwokutanga. kubudirira muGermany. Ndakamuona nekumunzwa kekutanga. Akanga ari mudiki, mutete, asi panguva imwe cheteyo ane nyasha zvikuru, ane musoro wakanaka, ane bvudzi dema rakaparadzana nepakati, maererano nefashoni yenguva iyoyo. Sekutsauka kubva kumutemo mukuru, akapfeka pachifuva chake ribhoni huru ine nyeredzi yekuraira kweSpanish yaakanga agamuchira. Iyi yakanga iri nhau kumunhu wose, sezvo kazhinji kazhinji machinda eropa namakurukota bedzi aioneka mukushongedza kwakadaro pamabiko ehurumende.
Iwo manyoro ekutanga aakatora kubva kune yake Stradivarius - maiwe, ikozvino mbeveve uye nekusingaperi akavigwa muMadrid Museum! - yakaita simba rakasimba pandiri nekunaka uye kuchena kwekristani kwenzwi. Aine unyanzvi hunoshamisa, aitamba pasina kudhonzerana, sokunge aingobata tambo neuta hwake hwemashiripiti. Zvakanga zvakaoma kudavira kuti maungira anoshamisa aya, aipuruzira nzeve, senzwi romuduku Adeline Patty, aigona kubva muzvinhu zvokunyama zvakakomba zvakadai sebvudzi netambo. Vateereri vakashamiswa uye, zvechokwadi, Sarasate yakanga iri kubudirira kunoshamisa.
"Pakati pekukunda kwake kuSt. Petersburg," Auer anonyora zvakare, "Pablo de Sarasate akaramba ari shamwari yakanaka, achifarira kambani yeshamwari dzake dzemimhanzi pane kuridza mudzimba dzakapfuma, kwaaiwana kubva kumafranc zviuru zviviri kusvika zvitatu manheru - mubhadharo wakakura kwazvo panguva iyoyo. Manheru emahara. akapedza naDavydov, Leshetsky kana neni, achigara achifara, achinyemwerera uye aine manzwiro akanaka, achifara zvakanyanya paakakwanisa kuhwina maruble mashoma kubva kwatiri pamakadhi. Akanga akashinga zvikuru nevakadzi uye aigara akatakura naye akati wandei madiki mafeni echiSpanish, ayo aaishandisa kuvapa sechekuchengeta.
Russia yakakunda Sarasate nemutsa wayo. Pashure pemakore maviri, iye zvakare anopa akatevedzana Concerts pano. Mushure mekonzati yekutanga, iyo yakaitika munaNovember 2, 28 muSt. - LR ) haina anokwikwidza mumunda wekuridza piyano, kunze kwekunge Liszt.
Kusvika kweSarasate muSt. Petersburg muna January 1898 kwakaratidzirwazve nokukunda. Boka risingaverengeki revanhu rakazadza horo yeNoble Assembly (yazvino Philharmonic). Pamwe chete naAuer, Sarasate akapa manheru equartet kwaakaridza Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata.
Nguva yekupedzisira Petersburg akateerera Sarasate akanga atova pamateru ehupenyu hwake, muna 1903, uye ongororo dzezvenhau dzinoratidza kuti akachengetedza hunyanzvi hwake kusvika akwegura. “Unhu hwakatanhamara hwomuimbi inzwi rine muto, rakazara uye rakasimba reviolin yake, unyanzvi hwakaisvonaka hunokunda marudzi ose ezvinetso; uye, zvakasiyana, huta hwakajeka, hunyoro uye hunonzwika mumitambo yehutano hwepedyo - zvose izvi zvakanyatsogadziriswa neSpaniard. Sarasate ichiri "mambo weviolinists" mumwechete, mupfungwa inogamuchirwa yezwi. Pasinei nekukwegura kwake, achiri kushamisika nehupenyu hwake uye nyore pane zvose zvaanoita.
Sarasate yaive yakasarudzika chiitiko. Nokuda kwevaairarama navo, akazarura maonero matsva okuridza violin: “Panguva imwe chete muAmsterdam,” anonyora kudaro K. Flesh, “Izai, paaitaura neni, akapa kunzvera kunotevera kuna Sarasata: “Ndiye akatidzidzisa kutamba zvakachena. ” Chido chemaviolinists emazuva ano ekukwana kwehunyanzvi, kurongeka uye kusakanganisa kwekutamba kunobva kuSarasate kubva panguva yekuonekwa kwake padanho rekonzati. Pamberi pake, rusununguko, fluidity uye kubwinya kwekuita kwainzi kwakakosha.
“… Aive mumiriri werudzi rutsva rweviolin uye aitamba zviri nyore zvinoshamisa, pasina kunetsa kudiki. Zvigunwe zvake zvakamhara pane fretboard zvakangoita uye zvakadzikama, pasina kurova tambo. Kudengenyeka kwacho kwakapamhama kupfuura zvaiitwa nevairidza violin pamberi peSarasate. Aitenda zvakakodzera kuti pfuma yeuta ndiyo yekutanga uye inonyanya kukosha nzira yekubvisa iyo yakanaka - mumaonero ake - toni. "Kurova" kweuta hwake patambo kwakarova chaizvo pakati pakati penzvimbo dzakanyanyisa dzebhiriji uye fretboard yeviolin uye kashoma kusvika pazambuko, apo, sezvatinoziva, munhu anogona kubvisa ruzha rwakafanana mukukakavadzana. kune ruzha rweoboe.
Munyori wenhau dzakaitika wokuGermany wokudhirowa kwe<em>violin A. Moser anoongororawo unyanzvi hwokuridza hwaSarasate: “Paakabvunzwa kuti Sarasate yakawana sei budiriro inoshamisa zvakadaro,” anonyora kudaro, “tinofanira kutanga tapindura nenzwi. Inzwi rake, pasina chero "tsvina", izere ne "kutapira", akaita paakatanga kutamba, zvakananga zvinoshamisa. Ndinoti "yakatanga kutamba" kwete pasina chinangwa, sezvo kurira kweSarasate, pasinei nekunaka kwayo, kwaityisa, kusingakwanisi kuchinja, nekuda kwekuti, mushure mechinguva, izvo zvinonzi "kufinhikana", kufanana nemamiriro ekunze anogara achipisa mukati. nature. Chechipiri chakakonzera kubudirira kwaSarasate kwaive kurerukirwa kunoshamisa, rusununguko rwaakashandisa narwo hunyanzvi hwake. Akataura zvakachena zvisingakanganisi uye akakunda matambudziko makuru nenyasha dzinoshamisa.
Ruzivo rwakati wandei nezve tekinoroji zvinhu zvemutambo Sarasate inopa Auer. Anonyora kuti Sarasate (uye Wieniawski) “vaiva netambo inokurumidza uye chaiyoiyo, yakareba zvikuru, iyo yakanga iri simbiso yakaisvonaka younyanzvi hwavo hwokugadzira zvinhu.” Kumwewo mubhuku rimwe chetero rakanyorwa naAuer tinorava, kuti: “Sarasate, uyo aiva nenzwi rinonwisa mvura, aingoshandisa staccato volant (ndiko kuti, flying staccato. – LR), kwete nokukurumidza zvikuru, asi zvinoyevedza zvisingaverengeki. Chimiro chekupedzisira, kureva, nyasha, akavhenekera mutambo wake wese uye akawedzeredzwa neruzha rwakasarudzika, asi rusina kunyanya kusimba. Achienzanisa nzira yokubata nayo uta hwaJoachim, Wieniawski naSarasate, Auer anonyora kuti: “Sarasate aibata uta neminwe yake yose, izvo zvaisamudzivisa kukudziridza inzwi rakasununguka, rinonakidza uye kureruka kwemhepo mundima dzacho.”
Ongororo dzakawanda dzinoona kuti izvo zvekare hazvina kupihwa kuSarasata, kunyangwe iye kazhinji uye kazhinji akatendeukira kumabasa eBach, Beethoven, uye aifarira kutamba mumakota. Moser anoti mushure mekuita kwekutanga kweBeethoven Concerto muBerlin mumakore ekuma80, ongororo yakaitwa nemutsoropodzi wemimhanzi E. Taubert yakatevera, umo kududzirwa kwaSarasate kwakatsoropodzwa zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa neyaJoachim. “Zuva rakatevera racho, tichisangana neni, Sarasate akashatirwa akashevedzera kwandiri, kuti: “Chokwadi, muGermany vanodavira kuti mumwe munhu anoita Beethoven Concerto anofanira kudikitira semaestro ako akafuta!”
Ndichimusimbisa, ndakaona kuti ndakanga ndashatirwa apo vateereri, vakafara nokuridza kwake, vakadzongonyedza orchestral tutti nokuombera pashure pokuimba kwake oga kwokutanga. Sarasate akandipopotera achiti, “Mudiwa, usataure zvisina basa! Orchestral tutti iripo kuti ipe mukana wekuzorora uye vateereri kuombera.” Apo ndakadzungudza musoro wangu, ndashamiswa nokutonga kwouhwana kwakadaro, iye akapfuurira, kuti: “Ndisiyei ndiri ndoga namabasa enyu e<em>symphonic. Unobvunza kuti sei ndisiri kutamba iyo Brahms Concerto! Handidi kuramba zvachose kuti uyu mumhanzi wakanaka. Asi unonyatsondiona sendisina kuravira here zvekuti ini, pandakakwira pachikuva ndine violin mumaoko angu, ndakamira ndikateerera kuti muAdagio oboe inoridza sei rwiyo rwebasa rese kune vateereri?
Kugadzirwa kwenziyo dzepakamuri yaMoser naSarasate kunotsanangurwa zvakajeka: “Munguva refu yokugara muBerlin, Sarasate aiwanzokoka shamwari dzangu dzechiSpanish nevaaidzidza navo EF Arbos (violin) naAugustino Rubio kuhotera yake Kaiserhof kuzoridza neni quartet. (cello). Iye pachake akaridza chikamu cheviolin yekutanga, Arbos neni takachinjana kuridza chikamu cheviola uye chechipiri violin. Maquartets ake aaida aive, pamwe chete naOp. 59 Beethoven, Schumann uye Brahms quartets. Aya ndiwo aiwanzoitwa. Sarasate yakatamba zvine hushingi, ichizadzisa mirairo yese yemunyori. Zvainzwika zvakanaka, hongu, asi “mukati” waiva “pakati pemitsara” wakaramba usina kuratidzwa.
Mazwi aMoser uye ongororo yake yemasikirwo eSarasate kududzirwa kwemabasa echinyakare anowana simbiso mune zvinyorwa uye vamwe vanoongorora. Inowanzo kutaurwa iyo monotony, monotony iyo yakasiyanisa ruzha rweSarasate violin, uye chokwadi chekuti mabasa aBeethoven naBach haana kumuitira zvakanaka. Nekudaro, chimiro chaMoser chichiri chedivi rimwe. Mumabasa ari padyo nehunhu hwake, Sarasate akazviratidza kuva muimbi akangwara. Maererano wongororo dzose, somuenzaniso, akaita concerto Mendelssohn zvisingaenzaniswi. Uye mabasa aBach naBeethoven akaitwa zvakaipa sei, kana muzivi akasimba saAuer akataura zvakanaka nezveunyanzvi hwekududzira hweSarasate!
"Pakati pa1870 na1880, tsika yekuridza mimhanzi yehunyanzvi mumakonzati eruzhinji yakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye musimboti uyu wakagamuchira kucherechedzwa kwepasirese nerutsigiro kubva kumapepanhau, zvekuti izvi zvakakurudzira hunhu hune mukurumbira saWieniawski neSarasate - vamiriri vakatanhamara vechiitiko ichi. -Kushandisa zvakanyanya mumakonsati avo makumbo eviolin emhando yepamusoro. Vaisanganisira Bach's Chaconne nemamwe mabasa, pamwe neBeethoven's Concerto, muzvirongwa zvavo, uye nekunyanya kududzira kududzira (ndinoreva kuzvimiririra mupfungwa yeshoko), kududzira kwavo kwehunyanzvi uye kuita kwakakwana kwakabatsira zvakanyanya mbiri yavo. “.
Nezvekududzira kwaSarasate kweSaint-Saens's Third Concerto yakatsaurirwa kwaari, munyori pachake akanyora kuti: “Ndakanyora koniti umo zvikamu zvokutanga nezvokupedzisira zvinonyatsobudisa pachena; vanoparadzaniswa nechikamu chinofema runyararo - sedziva pakati pemakomo. Vakuru veviolinists vakandipa rukudzo rwekutamba basa iri kazhinji vaisanzwisisa kusiyana uku - vaidedera pagungwa, sezvakaita mumakomo. Sarasate, uyo akanyorerwa concerto, akanga akadzikama padhamu sezvaaifarira mumakomo. Uye ipapo munyori anopedzisa: "Hapana chiri nani kana uchiridza mimhanzi, nzira yekuburitsa hunhu hwayo."
Mukuwedzera kune concerto, Saint-Saëns yakatsaurira Rondo Capriccioso kuSarasata. Vamwe vanyori vakaratidza kuyemura kwavo mutambi weviolin nenzira imwe cheteyo. Akazvipira ku: First Concerto and the Spanish Symphony by E. Lalo, the Second Concerto and the Scottish Fantasy by M. Bruch, the Second Concerto by G. Wieniawski. “Kukosha kukurusa kweSarasate,” akadaro Auer, “kwakavakirwa pakuzivikanwa kwakafara kuti akahwina nokuda kwokuita kwake nziyo dzakatanhamara dze<em>violin dzenguva yake. Izvo zvakare zvakanakira kuti aive wekutanga kushambadza makonsati eBruch, Lalo naSaint-Saens.
Zvakanakisa zvezvose, Sarasate akaendesa virtuoso mimhanzi nemabasa ake. Mavari akanga asingaenzaniswi. Zvenziyo dzake, matambiro echiSpanish, maGypsy tunes, Fantasia pane motifs kubva kuopera "Carmen" naBizet, Nhanganyaya uye tarantella vakawana mukurumbira mukuru. Iyo yakanyanya kunaka uye iri padyo nechokwadi kuongororwa kweSarasate munyori akapihwa naAuer. Akanyora kuti: "Zvikamu zvepakutanga, zvine tarenda uye zvechokwadi konzati yeSarasate pachake - "Airs Espagnoles", yakanyatsojeka nerudo runotyisa rwenyika yake - pasina mubvunzo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mupiro weviolin repertoire.
Mumadhanzi echiSpanish, Sarasate akagadzira zvigadziriso zvine mavara ezviridzwa zvekwaari, uye anoitwa nekuravira kwakapfava, nyasha. Kubva kwavari - nzira yakananga kune madiki eGranados, Albeniz, de Falla. Fantasy on motifs kubva kuna Bizet's "Carmen" pamwe ndiyo yakanakisa mumabhuku eviolin pasi rose mumhando ye virtuoso fantasies yakasarudzwa nemunyori. Inogona kuiswa zvakachengeteka pamwe chete nemafungiro akajeka ePaganini, Venyavsky, Ernst.
Sarasate ndiye wekutanga violinist uyo kutamba kwake kwakanyorwa pamarekodhi egiramufoni; akaita Prelude kubva kuE-major partita naJ.-S. Bach ye violin solo, pamwe neSumo uye tarantella yezvake kuumbwa.
Sarasate akanga asina mhuri uye chaizvoizvo akazvipira hupenyu hwake hwose kune violin. Chokwadi, aiva nechido chokuunganidza. Zvinhu zvaive mumiunganidzwa yake zvainakidza. Sarasate uye mukuda uku aiita kunge mwana muhombe. Aifarira kuunganidza ... tsvimbo (!); akaunganidza nzimbe, akashongedzwa nemapfumo egoridhe uye akashongedzwa nematombo anokosha, zvakakosha zvekare uye zvekare gizmos. Akasiya pfuma inofungidzirwa pa3000000 francs.
Sarasate akafa muBiarritz munaGunyana 20, 1908, aine makore makumi matanhatu nemana. Zvese zvaakawana, akazvipa zvakanyanya kumasangano ehunyanzvi uye anopa rubatsiro. Paris neMadrid Conservatories imwe neimwe yakagamuchira 64 francs; Mukuwedzera, mumwe nomumwe wavo ari Stradivarius violin. Mari yakawanda yakarongerwa mibairo kuvaimbi. Sarasate akapa muunganidzwa wake unoshamisa weunyanzvi kumusha wake wePamplona.
L. Raaben
