Nyere: chii, chimiro chechiridzwa, ruzha, nhoroondo yezvakabva, mhando

Nyere ndechimwe chezviridzwa zvekare zvakapesvedzera tsika zhinji dzenyika.

Chii chinonzi nyere

Rudzi - chiridzwa chemumhanzi wehuni, aerophone. Ndeyeboka rehuni, ndeyeboka re labials. Mumhanzi, rinoshandiswa mumarudzi ese, kubva kungano kuenda kupop.

Zita rechiRussia rechiridzwa rinobva pazita rechiLatini - "flauta".

mamiriro

Iyo classic vhezheni ine cylindrical elongated body, cork, sponge, muzzle, mavharuvhu uye yakaderera gokora. Mavara anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyebrown, sirivheri, rima rakatsvuka.

Nyere huru inoratidzirwa nemusoro wakatwasuka. Pamhando dzealto uye bass, yakakomberedzwa inoshandiswa. Zvinhu zvekugadzira - huni, sirivha, platinum, nickel. Rudzi rwemusoro - cylindrical. Kuruboshwe kune chikoki chinobata chiito chechiridzwa.

Pane 2 mamwe magadzirirwo:

• Inline. Mavharuvhu ari mumutsara mumwe.
• offset. Varuvhu yemunyu inowanikwa zvakasiyana.

sounding

Nyere inogadzira ruzha kana jeti remhepo richiyambuka buri, izvo zvinogadzira kuzunguzika. Mhepo inovhuvhuta inoshanda zvinoenderana nemutemo waBernoulli. Muimbi anochinja kurira kwekurira nekuvhura nekuvhara maburi pamuviri wechiridzwa. Izvi zvinoshandura kureba kweresonator, iyo inoratidzwa muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwepamusoro. Nokudzora simba remhepo, muimbi anogonawo kuchinja uwandu hwenzwi nomuromo mumwe.

Vhura mamodheru anonzwika octave yakaderera pane yakavharwa mamodhi akaenzana. Yakakura modhi yeruzha ruzha: H kusvika C4.

Types

Kusiyana nezvimwe zviridzwa, mhando dzenyere dzinosiyana zvikuru muchimiro nemanzwi.

Nyere dzisina chinoridza muridzo dzine dhizaini yakapfava. Muimbi anofuridzira mweya mugomba rimwe chete, iro rinobuda mune rimwe riine ruzha. Ruzha runodzorwa nesimba rekufema uye maburi eminwe akavharika. Muenzaniso ndewechinyakare Indian kena. Hurefu hwakareba hwekena ndeye 25-70 cm. Inoshandiswa mubasa revanhu vekuSouth America. Misiyano yakafanana isina mudziyo wekuridza muridzo ndiwo weJapan bamboo shakuhachi uye nenyere yeChina yemapuranga xiao.

Maaerophone ane mudziyo wekuridza muridzo anoburitsa ruzha rwakaumbwa kubva mukufamba kwemhepo kuburikidza nemuchina wakasarudzika. Iyo michina inonzi muromo, muiti anofuridzira mukati mayo. Muenzaniso wevhezheni yemuridzo ndeye rekodha. A block inoiswa mumusoro chikamu. Makomba epasi akapetwa kaviri. Chinyorwa chinotorwa nerubatsiro rweforogo fingerings. Chimiro chezwi hachina simba, mhando dzakachinjika dzinonzwika zvakanyanya.

Imwe mhando yakafanana nenyere. Inowanikwa pakati pevanhu vechiSlavic. Iyo inoratidzirwa neruzha rwemhando ye2 octaves. Kureba 30-35 cm. Zvinoenderana neRussia zviridzwa zviridzwa: fife, pyzhatka, kaviri zhaleyka.

Iyo kaviri nyere idhizaini yakapetwa ine kaviri kurira mudziyo. Shanduro yeBelarusian inonzi pair pipe. Kureba kwechubhu yekutanga ndeye 330-250 mm, yechipiri - 270-390 mm. Kana vachitamba, vanobatwa pakona kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.

Multi-barreled shanduro dzinotaridzika senge dzakateedzana machubhu ehurefu hwakasiyana. Muimbi anoridza achiridza mumachubhu akasiyana, magumo ayo anonzwika mune imwe timbre. Mienzaniso: siringa, panflute, coogicles.

Nyere yemazuva ano yakagadzirwa nesimbi. Zvinonzwika hunhu - soprano. Iyo pitch inoshandurwa nekufuridza uye nekuvhara nekuvhura mavharuvhu. Zvinoreva maaerophone anochinjika.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva nebudiriro

Nhoroondo yenyere inodzokera kumashure anenge makore makumi mana nemashanu. Anotanga nyere ndiye anoridza muridzo. Iri izita rakapihwa kune primitive whistle chubhu ane maburi maviri - ekufema mweya uye kubuda kwayo. Kubuda kwenyere kunobatanidza nekutanga kwekuonekwa kwemakomba kune zvigunwe.

Zvisaririra zvenyere yekare zvakawanikwa muSlovenia, panzvimbo yekuchera matongo yeDivye Babe. Nguva yakatarwa yekuwanikwa ndeye 43 makore. Zvinotendwa kuti iyi ndiyo yekare yakawanikwa chikamu chechiridzwa chemimhanzi, uye inogona kutanga kuoneka munharaunda yemazuva ano Slovenia. Nyanzvi zhinji dzinoti kugadzirwa kweDivya Baba nyere kune veNeanderthals. Muongorori weSlovenia M. Brodar anotenda kuti kuwanikwa kwakagadzirwa neCro-Magnons yenguva yekupedzisira yePaleolithic.

Mukupera kwema2000, imwe shanduko yekare yakawanikwa muGermany pedyo neUlm. Ane saizi diki. Iyo shanu-gomba dhizaini inoratidzira Y-yakaita yekucheka kwemuromo wemuiti. Yakagadzirwa kubva pamapfupa egora. Gare gare, mamwe maaerophone ekare akawanikwa muGermany. Vanowanikwa vane makore 42-43 ekuzvarwa vakawanikwa munharaunda yeBlaubeuren.

Maaerophone akawanda akawanikwa muHole Fels gorge, kusiri kure nemifananidzo yedombo. Achitaura nezvezvakawanwa, masayendisiti anobudisa dzidziso yokuti “inoratidza kuvapo kwetsika dzokuimba panguva apo vanhu vemazuva ano vakadzora Europe.” Masayendisiti akatiwo kuwana chishandiso ichi kuchabatsira kutsanangura mutsauko wetsika nepfungwa pakati peNeanderthals nevanhu vemazuva ano.

Nyere yepfupa yakachengeta midziyo yayo yekutamba yakatorwa kubva paguva reXiahu muHenan, China. Pamwe chete naye pakanga pane mamwe makopi 29 akaputswa ane misiyano mishoma mukurongwa. Zera - 9 makore. Nhamba yemakomba emunwe 000-5.

Nyere yekare yakasara yeChinese inotenderera yakawanikwa muguva raPrince Yi. MaChinese anoridaidza kuti "chi". Inogona kunge yakagadzirwa muna 433 BC, munguva yekupedzisira yeZhou Dynasty. Muviri wakagadzirwa nelacquered bamboo. Pane 5 cutouts padivi. Chi inotaurwa muzvinyorwa zveConfucius.

Chinyorwa chekare chakanyorwa chechiridzwa chemhepo chinodzokera ku2600-2700 BC. Hunyori hunonzi hwakakonzerwa nevanhu vekuSumerian. Zviridzwa zvemhepo zvinotaurwawo muhwendefa richangoshandurwa rine nhetembo nezveGilPlaysh. Nhetembo huru yakanyorwa pakati pe2100-600 BC.

Pakati pezvinhu zvinonakidza: mahwendefa akawanda eSumerian anozivikanwa se "zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi" akashandurwa. Matafura acho ane mirayiridzo yekugadzirisa zvikero zvezviridzwa zvemimhanzi. Chimwe chezviyero chinonzi "embubum", zvinoreva kuti "nyere" muchiAkkadian.

Nyere dzine nzvimbo yakakosha mutsika dzechiIndia uye ngano. Mabhuku echiIndia emuzana ramakore rechi 16 BC ane zvakawanda zvinonongedza kuchinjika. Vanyori venhoroondo dzemimhanzi vanotenda kuti India ndiyo nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yemuchinjiko.

Nyere refu yakaonekwa munzvimbo yeEgypt yemazuva ano makore 3000 BC. Parizvino, inoramba iri chiridzwa chikuru chemhepo munyika dzeMuslim dzeMiddle East.

MuMiddle Ages, nyere inochinjika yakave yakakurumbira muEurope, iyo ichiri kufarirwa nhasi. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, zvimiro zvenguva refu zvakauya kuEurope.

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, muimbi weFrance Jacques Otteter akavandudza chimiro chechiridzwa. Maburi eminwe aive akaiswa mavharuvhu. Mhedzisiro ndeyekuvharwa kweiyo yakazara chromatic sound range. Kusikwa kwechigadziro chitsva kwakakonzera kupera kwekuzivikanwa kwerekodha refu. Kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, nyere yakagadziridzwa yakatora basa rakakosha muorchestra. Muimbi wenziyo dzesymphony usina chiridzwa ichi chakatanga kuonekwa sechakaderera.

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, Theobald Böhm akaita shanduko huru padhizaini. Iyo mhizha yakaronga maburi maererano neacoustic principles, yakawedzera mhete nemavharuvhu, yakaisa cylindrical cross-sectional channel. Shanduro itsva iyi yakagadzirwa nesirivheri, zvichiita kuti itaridzike inodhura. Kubva ipapo, chishandiso hachina kuwana shanduko huru mukugadzira.

Vanozivikanwa venyere

Mumwe wevatambi vemazuva ano vanoridza nyere ndiye muItaly Nicola Mazzanti. Akarekodha akati wandei maalbum akazvipira zvachose kune piccollo nyere. Anodhinda zvakare mabhuku ekutamba piccollo.

Soviet nyere Nikolai Platonov akapiwa zita Rekukudzwa Artist of RSFSR. Nziyo dzake dzakakurumbira opera "Lieutenant Schmidt", "Overture for Symphony Orchestra", "12 Etudes for Solo".

Muimbi wekuAmerica Lizzo, anoita imwe hip-hop, anoshingairira kushandisa nyere munziyo dzake. Muna 2020, Lizzo akagamuchira mubairo weGrammy weBest Urban Contemporary Music Album.

Mumhanzi werock, bhendi Jethro Tull ndiye akatanga kushandisa nyere. Chiridzwa ichi chinoridzwa nemuimbi webhendi Ian Anderson.