Uzeir Hajibekov (Uzeyir Hajibeyov) |

Uzeyir Hajibeyov

“… Hajibeyov akazvipira hupenyu hwake hwese mukusimudzira tsika yemimhanzi yeAzerbaijani Soviet. … Akateya hwaro hwechiAzerbaijani opera art kekutanga murepublic, akanyatso kurongeka dzidzo yemimhanzi. Akaitawo basa guru mukusimudzira mimhanzi yesymphonic,” D. Shostakovich akanyora nezvaGadzhibekov.

Gadzhibekov akaberekerwa mumhuri mabharani kumaruwa. Uzeyir achangoberekwa, mhuri yacho yakatamira kuShusha, taundi duku riri muNagorno-Karabakh. Uduku hwomunyori weramangwana hwakanga hwakakomberedzwa nevanhu vaimbi uye vaimbi, kubva kwaakadzidza unyanzvi hwemugham. Mukomana uyu aiimba nziyo dzechivanhu zvinoyevedza, inzwi rake rakatorekodhwa pagiramufomu.

Muna 1899 Gadzhibekov akapinda Seminari mudzidzisi Gori. Pano akabatana nenyika, kunyanya Russian, tsika, akajairana classical music. Museminari, mimhanzi yakapiwa nzvimbo inokosha. Vadzidzi vese vaifanira kudzidza kuridza violin, kugamuchira hunyanzvi hwekuimba kwaya uye kutamba pamwe chete. Kuzvirekodha pachako nziyo dzechivanhu kwakakurudzirwa. Mubhuku remimhanzi raGadzhibekov, nhamba yavo yakakura gore negore. Zvadaro, paaishanda paopera yake yokutanga, akashandisa imwe yeaya marekodhi engano. Mushure mokunge apedza chikoro chechikoro muna 1904, Gadzhibekov akatumirwa kumusha weHadrut uye akashanda semudzidzisi kwegore. Kwapera gore, akatamira kuBaku, kwaakaenderera mberi nemabasa ake ekudzidzisa, panguva imwe chete aifarira zvekunyora. Nyaya dzake dzepamusoro feuilletons uye zvinyorwa zvinoonekwa mumagazini mazhinji nemapepanhau. Maawa mashoma ekuzorora anopirwa kuzvidzidzisa zvemimhanzi. Kubudirira kwaive kwakakosha zvekuti Gadzhibekov aive nepfungwa yekushinga - kugadzira basa rekuvhiya raizobva paunyanzvi hwemugham. Ndira 25, 1908 izuva rekuzvarwa kwekutanga yenyika opera. Chirongwa chayo chaive nhetembo yaFizuli "Leyli naMajnun". Munyori wechidiki akashandisa zvakanyanya zvikamu zvemughams mu opera. Nerubatsiro rweshamwari dzake, vanofarira zvakaenzana vanofarira zvehunyanzvi hwake, Gadzhibekov akaridza opera muBaku. Mushure mezvo, munyori akayeuka kuti: "Panguva iyoyo, ini, munyori we opera, ndaiziva chete nheyo dze solfeggio, asi ndakanga ndisingazivi nezvekubatana, counterpoint, mafomu emimhanzi ... Zvakadaro, kubudirira kwaLeyli naMajnun kwaiva kukuru. Zvinotsanangurwa, mumaonero angu, nenyaya yekuti vanhu veAzerbaijan vaive vatotarisira kuti opera yavo yeAzerbaijani ichaonekwa pachikuva, uye "Leyli naMajnun" vakasanganisa mimhanzi yechokwadi uye yakakurumbira chirongwa chekirasi.

Kubudirira kwe "Leyli naMajnun" kunokurudzira Uzeyir Hajibeyov kuti aenderere mberi nebasa rake. Kwemakore mashanu akatevera, akasika 5 mimhanzi inosetsa: "Murume nemukadzi" (3), "Kana asiri uyu, saka uyu" (1909), "Arshin Mal Alan" (1910) uye 1913 mugham operas: "Sheikh Senan" (4) , "Rustam naZohrab" (1909), "Shah Abbas naKhurshidbanu" (1910), "Asli naKerem" (1912). Atova munyori wemabasa akawanda akakurumbira pakati pevanhu, Gadzhibekov anotsvaka kuzadza bhegi rake reunyanzvi: muna 1912-1910. anotora makosi ari oga paMoscow Philharmonic Society, uye muna 12 paSt. Petersburg Conservatory. Musi waOctober 1914, 25, chiitiko chekutanga chemumhanzi wenziyo "Arshin Mal Alan" chakaitika. Gadzhibekov akaita pano zvose semunyori wemitambo uye semunyori. Akaita basa repadariro rinoratidza kupenya, richipenya nehungwaru uye rizere nekufara. Panguva imwecheteyo, basa rake harina kushaya hutano hwemagariro evanhu, rakazara nekupikisa kupikisa tsika dzenyika, kuderedza chiremera chevanhu. Mu "Arshin Mal Alan" muimbi anooneka satenzi akakura: dingindira rinobva pane modal uye rhythmic maficha emu Azerbaijani folk music, asi hapana rwiyo rwumwechete rwakakweretwa sezvazviri. "Arshin Mal Alan" inyanzvi yechokwadi. Operetta yakatenderera pasi rose nekubudirira. Yakaitwa muMoscow, Paris, New York, London, Cairo nevamwe.

Uzeyir Hajibeyov akapedza basa rake rekupedzisira - opera "Kor-ogly" muna 1937. Panguva imwecheteyo, opera yakaitwa muBaku, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweBul-Bul yakakurumbira mubasa remusoro. Mushure mekukunda kwekutanga, munyori wenziyo akanyora kuti: "Ndakazvipa ini basa rekugadzira opera iri muchimiro chenyika, ndichishandisa zvakawanikwa zvemazuva ano mimhanzi tsika ... ashugs ndicho chimiro chiripo mu opera… Mu "Ker-ogly" mune zvese zvinongedzo zvebasa re opera - arias, duets, ensembles, recitatives, asi zvese izvi zvakavakwa pahwaro hwemamodhi ayo ngano dzemimhanzi. yeAzerbaijan inovakwa. Mukuru mupiro waUzeyir Gadzhibekov mukusimudzira nhandare yemitambo yenyika. Asi panguva imwe chete akasika mabasa akawanda mune mamwe marudzi, kunyanya, akanga ari muvambi wemhando itsva - romance-gazelle; vakadaro "Sensiz" ("Pasina iwe") uye "Sevgili janan" ("Mudiwa"). Nziyo dzake "Call", "Hanzvadzi yeTsitsi" dzakanakidzwa nekuzivikanwa kukuru munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yese.

Uzeyir Hajibeyov haasi munyori chete, asiwo mukuru wemimhanzi uye wevanhu vose muAzerbaijan. Muna 1931, akasika ochestra yekutanga yezviridzwa zvevanhu, uye makore mashanu gare gare, boka rekutanga reAzerbaijani choral. Weresa mupiro waGadzhibekov pakusikwa kwevashandi vemimhanzi yenyika. Muna 5 akaronga chikoro chekutanga chemimhanzi cheAzerbaijani. Zvadaro, akatungamirira chikoro chemimhanzi chechikoro, uye akazova mukuru weBaku Conservatory. Hajibeyov akapfupisa mhedzisiro yezvidzidzo zvake zvemhando yemimhanzi yenyika mune yakakura yedzidziso yekudzidza "Fundamentals of Azerbaijani Folk Music" (1922). Zita reU. Gadzhibekov rakakomberedzwa muAzerbaijan nerudo rwenyika nekukudzwa. Muna 1945, munyika yokumusha kwemunyori, muShusha, House-Museum yake yakavhurwa, uye muna 1959, kuvhurwa kweImba-Museum yeGadzhibekov kwakaitika muBaku.

N. Alekperova