Стнислав Монюшко (Stanisław Moniuszko) |

Stanisław Moniuszko

Muimbi akatanhamara wechiPolish S. Moniuszko ndiye musiki werudzi rwechinyakare opera uye chamber vocal lyrics. Basa rake rakatora maitiro emhando yemimhanzi yePoles, Ukrainians uye Belarusian. Kubva paudiki, Moniuszko akava nemukana wekuzivana nevarombo vevanhu vechiSlavic. Vabereki vake vaida unyanzvi, vaiva nematarenda akasiyana-siyana. Amai vake vakadzidzisa mukomana mumhanzi, baba vake vaiva amateur muimbi. Mitambo yepamba yaiwanzoitwa, uye rudo rwaStanislav rweimba yemitambo, rwakamuka kubva pauduku, rwakapfuura nehupenyu hwake hwose.

Pazera remakore masere, Moniuszko akaenda kuWarsaw - makore ekudzidza akatanga. Anotora zvidzidzo kubva kumuimbi weogani uye piano A. Freyer. Muna 8, Stanislav akatamira kuMinsk, kwaakapinda muimba yekurovedza muviri uye akadzidza kuumbwa naD. Stefanovich, uye pasi pesimba rake pakupedzisira akasarudza kusarudza mimhanzi sebasa rake.

Moniuszko akapedza dzidzo yake yemimhanzi muBerlin, paSinging Academy (1837-40). Anobata basa nekwaya uye orchestra, anowana mufananidzo wakazara wemumhanzi (kunyanya operatic) tsika yeEurope. Mumakore aya, mabasa ekutanga akazvimiririra akaonekwa: misa, 2 tambo quartets, Nziyo nhatu paSt. A. Mickiewicz, mimhanzi yemitambo. Muna 1840-58. Moniuszko anogara muVilna (Vilnius). Pano, kure nenzvimbo huru dzemimhanzi, tarenda rake rakasiyana-siyana rinoratidzwa. Anoshanda semuimbi weChechi yeSt. John (kuumbwa kweogani Nziyo dzeChechi Yedu kwakabatana neizvi), anoita semutungamiri mumakonzati esymphony nepaimba yeopera, anonyora zvinyorwa, uye anopa zvidzidzo zvepiyano. Pakati pevadzidzi vake pane munyori weRussia C. Cui, mumwe wevatori vechikamu muMighty Handful. Pasinei nematambudziko makuru emari, Moniuszko akashanda naye mahara. Hunhu hwemunyori hwakatanga kuzviratidza mumhando dzenziyo uye dzerudo. Muna 1841 bhuku rekutanga reRwiyo raMoniuszko rakabudiswa (kune gumi nemaviri pamwe chete). Nziyo dzakagadzirwa muVilna dzakanyanya kugadzirira maitiro emaopera ake emangwana.

Kubudirira kwepamusoro kwaMoniuszko ndeye opera Pebble. Iyi inyaya inosuruvarisa yemusikana wechidiki mudiki, akanyengerwa nemukurumbira. Kutendeseka uye kudziya kwemimhanzi, hupfumi hwemimhanzi hwakaita kuti opera iyi inyanyofarirwa uye ichidiwa nevaPoles. "Pebble" yakaitwa muVilna muna 1848. Kubudirira kwayo kwakakurumidza kuunza mukurumbira kune organist yepurovhinzi. Asi makore gumi chete gare gare, opera mune imwe itsva, yakagadziridzwa shanduro yakaitwa muWarsaw. Zuva rekugadzirwa uku (Ndira 10, 1) rinoonekwa sekuzvarwa kwePolish classical opera.

Muna 1858, Moniuszko akaenda kunze kwenyika muGermany, France, uye Czech Republic (ari muWeimar, akashanyira F. Liszt). Panguva imwecheteyo, munyori wacho akakokwa kuchigaro chemutungamiriri weBelki Theatre (Warsaw), iyo yaakabata kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake. Mukuwedzera, Moniuszko ndiye purofesa paMusical Institute (1864-72), kwaanodzidzisa makirasi mukuumbwa, kuwirirana uye counterpoint (pakati pevadzidzi vake ndiye munyori Z. Noskovsky). Moniuszko ndiye zvakare munyori wePiano Chikoro uye kuwirirana bhuku.

Kuitwa kakawanda nemakonzati emunyori muSt. Petersburg kwakaunza Moniuszko pedyo nevanyori veRussia - akanga ari shamwari yaM. Gliyaki naA. Dargomyzhsky. Basa rakanakisisa rebasa raMoniuszko rinonyanya kubatanidzwa nemhando idzodzo dzisina kubatwa nemhando huru yePolish F. Chopin kana kuti haina kugamuchira kukura kwakakosha kubva kwaari - neopera uye rwiyo. Moniuszko akasika 15 operas. Pamusoro peMatombo, mabasa ake akanakisa anosanganisira The Enchanted Castle (Iyo Inotyisa Yard - 1865). Moniuszko aiwanzoshandura kuita komiki opera (Yavnuta, The Timber Rafter), ballet (kusanganisira Monte Cristo), operetta, mimhanzi yemitambo yemitambo (W. Shakespeare's Hamlet, The Robbers) F. Schiller, vaudeville naA. Fredro). Inogara ichikwezva munyori uye rudzi rwe cantata ("Milda", "Niola"). Mumakore akazotevera, 3 cantatas yakasikwa kumashoko aA. Mickiewicz: "Zvipoko" (zvichibva padetembo rinonakidza "Dzyady"), "Crimean Sonnets" uye "Mistress Tvardovskaya". Moniuszko akaunzawo chinhu chenyika mumimhanzi yechechi (6 misa, 4 "Ostrobramsky litanies"), akaisa hwaro hwePolish symphonism (chirongwa chekuwedzera "Fairy Tale", "Kaini", nezvimwewo). Muimbi akanyorawo mimhanzi yepiyano, yainyanya kuitirwa mimhanzi yepamba: polonaises, mazurkas, waltzes, 2 zvinyorwa zvezvidimbu "Trinkets".

Asi kunyanya kukosha, pamwe chete nekugadzirwa kwekushanda, kwaiva kuumbwa kwenziyo (c. 400), iyo munyori akabatanidza muzvikamu - "Home Songbooks". Zita ravo rinozvitaurira: iyi mimhanzi yehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, yakasikwa kwete chete kune nyanzvi, asiwo kune vanoda mimhanzi. “Handisi kusika chinhu chitsva. Ndichifamba munyika dzokuPoland, ndinozadzwa nomudzimu wenziyo dzechivanhu. Kubva kwavari, vachipesana nezvandinoda, kurudziro inodurura muzvinyorwa zvangu zvese. Mumashoko aya Moniuszko anoratidza chakavanzika che "social" inoshamisa yemimhanzi yake.

K. Zenkin

Zvinyorwa:

opareta – Ideal (Ideal, 1841), Carmagnola (Karmaniol, 1840), Yellow cap (Zulta szlafmyca, ca. 1842), Wonderful water (Woda cudowna, 1840s), Rural idyll (Sielanka, 1843, Spanish 1852st Pebbles), ., 1, Vilnius, 1848nd ed., 2, Warsaw), Betley (comic., 1858), Timber Rafter (Flis, komiki opera, 1852), Countess (Hrabina, komiki., 1858), Shoko rerukudzo (Verbum nobile , 1860), Enchanted Castle (Inotyisa Yard; Straszny dwur, 1861), Pariah (Paria, 1865); operetta - Loteria (Loteria, 1843, Minsk; 1846, Warsaw), Kutora (Pobur rekrutуw, 1842), Kurwira Kwevaimbi (Walka muzykуw, 1840s), Yavnuta, kana Gypsies (1st edition pasi pezita rokuti Gypsies, 1850 Cypsies, 1852 , Vilnius, 2nd edition pasi pezita rokuti Yavnuta, 1860, Warsaw), Beata (melodrama, 1872, Warsaw); ballet – Monte Cristo (1866), Kumirira (Na kwaterunku, 1868), Manomano aSatani (Figle szatana, 1870); mimhanzi ye ballet yemitambo inonzi The Merry Wives of Windsor yakanyorwa naO. Nicholas uye The Bronze Horse naD. Aubert; yeorchestra – Overtures Tale (Winter's Tale; Bajka, Conte d'hiver, 1848), Kaini, kana Rufu rwaAbheri (1856), Military Overture, kana Beloved Hetman (Uwertura wojenna albo Kochanka hetmanska, 1857), Concert Polonaise (Polonez) ; nokuda kwemanzwi uye okestra - cantatas Milda (1848), Niola (1852), Krumine (kwete kupera, 1852) - pane inotevera. Yu. Kraszewski, Madonna (1856), Zvipoko (Widma, 1865), Crimean Sonnets (Sonety krymskie, 1868), Pani Tvardovskaya (1869), 6 masasi (kusanganisira Petrovinskaya), 4 Ostrobramsky litanies (Litanie ostro1843-55); chamber instrumental ensembles - 2 tambo. quartet (kusvika 1840); zvepiyano (approx. 50 plays) - Baubles (Fraszki, 2 zvinyorwa zvemitambo, 1843), 6 polonaises, waltzes, mazurkas; kunhengo – Nziyo dzechechi yedu (Piesni naszego kosciola), kwaya, wok. ensembles; yezwi nepiyano - rwiyo rweSt. 400; mimhanzi yemitambo yemitambo yemitambo - yevaudeville: A. Fredro "Husiku Hwose muApennines" (1839), "The New Don Quixote, kana One Hundred Madnesses" (1842, post. 1923), kune imwe nzvimbo. "Hamlet" uye "Mutengesi weVenice" naShakespeare, "Makororo" naSchiller, "Carpathian Highlanders" naKozhenevsky, "Lilly Venedy" naY. Slovatsky.