Premise |

ital. anticipazione, French. uye Chirungu. kutarisira, utachiona. Antizipation, Vorausnahme

Ruzha rusina-chord (kazhinji rupfupi, pane yekupedzisira kurova nyore), yakakweretwa kubva kune inotevera chord (mune izvi, iyo P. iri, senge, girazi rinopesana neyakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza, yakakweretwa kubva kune yapfuura chord). Abbr. zita riri mumuenzaniso wemimhanzi im. P. inogona kunzwisiswa sechigadziriso chepamusoro (shanduko) yeimwe yeruzha muruzha runoenderana neremangwana chord (saka, havataure nezve "resolution" yaP.). P. inowanzova monophonic, asi inogonawo kuva polyphonic (kaviri, katatu P.), kunyange mumanzwi ose panguva imwe chete (chord P.; nayo hapana kurira panguva imwe chete yekutinhira uye isiri-chord).

A special siyana is jump P.; akawanda cambiata (iyo inonzi "fuchsian cambiata") iri kutosvetuka P.

Preforms inowanikwa muMiddle Ages. monody (ona kutanga kwe "Sanctus Spiritus" kutevedzana munyaya yaNotker), uyewo mune yekare polyphony, asi kusakura kwechord-harmonic. mabhii uye kuoma kwekunyora hazvitibvumire kutaura nezveP. sechinhu chakanyatsoumbwa pamberi peRenaissance (ona G. de Machaux, 14th ballad "Je ne cuit pas" - "Hakuna munhu uyo ​​Cupid aizopa saizvozvo. makomborero mazhinji", mabara 1-2; zvakare inopedzisa cadence mu8th ballad "De desconfort"). Munguva yaJosquin Despres, P. akanyatsotora chimiro. Kubva muzana remakore rechi16 P. inoshandiswa sechinhu chisingawanzoitiki, asi chatove chakanyatsogadziriswa nzira yepolyphonic. nziyo (pedyo nePalestrina). Kubva muzana remakore rechi17 (kunyanya kubva kuhafu ye2.) P. anowana hutsva hutsva hwekusiyanisa kwete chete kune izwi rinopikisa, asiwo kune yose chord (pfungwa yemazuva ano yeP.). Muzana remakore rechi20 P. inowanzoshandiswa sezwi rekudivi kuomesa kuwirirana, vertical (SS Prokofiev, "Romeo naJuliet", "Montagues uye Capulets", inopedzisa cadence).

Theoretically, P.'s phenomenon yakafukidzwa zvakanyanya naKr. Bernhard (mudzidzi waG. Schutz; pakati pezana remakore rechi17). Muchitsauko 23 ("Von der Anticipatione Notae"), Op. "Tractatus compositionis augmentus" P. (pasi pezita rokuti "kutarisira") inonzi "mufananidzo" unoshongedza rwiyo:

Muchinyorwa chinoti “Von der Singe-Kunst oder Manier”, Bernhard anosiyanisa pakati pe“muenzaniso wenoti” (Anticipatione della nota; ona muenzaniso uri pamusoro) ne“sumo yechirungu” (Anticipatione della sillaba; ona muenzaniso uri pasi apa. )

JG Walter (kutanga kwezana remakore rechi18) anofungawo P. pakati pe "nhamba". Heino muenzaniso we "syllable rise" kubva mubhuku rake "Praecepta ..." (izwi rekuti "Psallam" rinodzokororwa muhafu yepiri ye2st bar):

Nokuvandudzwa kwedzidziso itsva yokunzwanana (kutangira muzana remakore rechi18), piyano yakapinda muboka remanzwi asiri echord.

References: ona paArt. manzwi asina-chord.

Yu. N. Kholopov