Virtuoso |

VIRTUOSIS (Italian virtuoso, kubva kuLatin virtus - simba, ushingi, tarenda) - muimbi anoridza (pamwe chete nemuimbi chero upi zvake, muimbi, tenzi mune zvese), anonyatsoziva nzira yebasa rake. Neimwe nzira yeizwi iri: mugadziri aneushingi (kureva noushingi, noushingi) anokunda unyanzvi. matambudziko. Mazuva ano zvinoreva izwi rokuti “B.” yakawanikwa muzana remakore rechi18 chete. Muzana ramakore rechi 17 muItaly, V. akadanwa kunzi nyanzvi yemifananidzo kana kuti musayendisiti akatanhamara; pakupera kwezana ramakore rimwe chetero, muimbi ane unyanzvi, mukusiana nomuenzi; gare gare, muimbi anotamba, mukusiyana nomunyori. Zvisinei, sekutonga, muzana remakore rechi17 ne18, uye chikamu muzana remakore rechi19. Vanyori vakakurumbira vaiva panguva imwe chete vanyori vakuru (JS Bach, GF Handel, D. Scarlatti, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Liszt, nevamwe).

Chirevo chemuiti-V. yakabatana zvisingaite nekurudziro yehunyanzvi iyo inokwezva vateereri uye inobatsira mukududzirwa kunoshamisa kwemabasa. Mune izvi zvinosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune inonzi. virtuosity, ine krom arts. kukosha kwemimhanzi uye kuita kunodzokera kumashure uye kunyange kubayira hunyanzvi. hunyanzvi hwemutambo. Hunhu hwakanaka hwakakudziridzwa mukufambirana nekunaka. Mumakore 17-18. yakawana kutaura kwakajeka muchiItalian. opera (castrati singers). Muzana remakore rechi19, maererano nekuvandudzwa kwerudo. art-va, virtuoso ichaita. umhizha hwasvika pakuparara; kureva panguva imwe chete. nzvimbo mumimhanzi virtuosity yakatorawo hupenyu hwake, zvichikonzera salon-virtuoso gwara. Panguva iyoyo yakazviratidza kunyanya munharaunda yeFP. performance. Executable zvigadzirwa kazhinji unceremoniously kuchinjwa, kumonyaniswa, akashongedzerwa nezvinokatyamadza ndima dzaibvumira piano kuti aratidze kutsetsenura zvigunwe zvake, mabhanan'ana tremolos, bravura octaves, etc. Paiva kunyange inokosha mhando muses. zvinyorwa - mitambo ye salon-virtuoso hunhu, husina kukosha muhunyanzvi. ruremekedzo, rwakanangana chete kuratidza maitiro ekutamba emutambi ari kuumba zvidimbu izvi ("Gungwa Hondo", "Hondo yeJemappe", "Kuparadza kweMoscow" naSteibelt, "The Crazy" Kalkbrenner, "The Lion Awakening" naAn. Kontsky, "Butterflies" uye zvinyorwa naRosenthal uye nezvimwe).

Pesvedzero inoshatisa yairatidzirwa nokunaka pazvido zvenzanga yakamutsa zvomuzvarirwo. kutsamwa uye kuratidzira kwakasimba kubva kune vaimbi vakakomba (ETA Hoffmann, R. Schumann, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, VF Odoevsky, AN Serov), zvakakonzera mafungiro asina kutenda kune hunhu hwakadai: vakashandisa izwi rekuti V. mune zvinosetsa. kuronga, kuchidudzira sechirango. Panyaya yevatambi vakuru, vaiwanzoshandisa izwi rekuti "V." chete pamwe chete ne epithet "chokwadi".

Classic samples dzekunaka kwechokwadi - mutambo weN. Paganini, F. Liszt (panguva yekukura); vazhinji vakatanhamara venguva inotevera vanofanirwawo kuzivikanwa sechokwadi V..

References: Hoffmann ETA, Matatu Matatu e pianoforte, violin uye cello op. 70, rakanyorwa naL. van Beethoven. Ongorora, «Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung», 1812/1813, то же, в кн.: Е.Т.A. Zvinyorwa zvenziyo zvaHoffmann, Tl 3, Regensburg, 1921; Wagner R., The Virtuoso uye Artist, Collected Writings, Vol. 7, Lpz., 1914, mapeji 63-76; Weissmann A., The Virtuoso, В., 1918; Вlaukopf К., great virtuosos, W., 1954,2 1957; Pincherle M., Le monde des virtuoses, P., 1961.

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