Vibrato, vibration |

VIBRATO, vibration (Italian vibrato, Latin vibration - vibration).

1) Kugamuchirwa kwekuita pane tambo. zviridzwa (nemutsipa); yunifomu vibration yemunwe weruoko rweruboshwe pane tambo yakatsikirirwa nayo, zvichiita kuti periodic. chinja mukati mediki diki renzwi, vhoriyamu uye timbre yekurira. V. inopa manzwi akakosha ruvara, melodiousness, inowedzera kutaura kwavo, pamwe nekuita, kunyanya mumamiriro ekukwirira. nzvimbo. Chimiro cheV. uye nzira dzekushandiswa kwayo zvinosarudzwa nemunhu. maitiro ekududzira uye unyanzvi. unhu hwemuiti. Nhamba yakajairika yekuzunguzika kweV. ndeye approx. 6 pasekondi. Nenhamba shoma yekudengenyeka, kuzununguka kana kudedera kwezwi kunonzwika, kuburitsa anti-art. maonero. Izwi rokuti "V". yakaonekwa muzana ramakore rechi 19, asi ve lutenists nevatambi ve gambo vakashandisa nzira iyi kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 16 nerechi 17. In the methodical Zvinyorwa zvenguva iyoyo zvinopa tsanangudzo dzenzira mbiri dzekutamba V.: nemunwe mumwe (semukuita kwemazuva ano) uye nemaviri, kana mumwe akadzvanya tambo, uye imwe nokukurumidza uye nyore kuibata. Mazita ekare. nzira yekutanga - French. verre cassé, engl. sting (for lute), fr. langueur, plainte (for viola da gamba); yechipiri iFrench. kurohwa, pincé, flat-tement, gare gare - flatté, balancement, kudedera, kudedera serré; Chirungu close shake; ital. tremolo, ondeggiamento; Paari. mutauro zita remarudzi ose eV. – Bebung. Kubva pakudzikira kweyega lute uye viola da gamba arts. V.'s application yakabatana nahl. arr. nekuridza zviridzwa zvemhuri yeviolin. Imwe yekutanga kutaurwa nezve violinist. V. iri mu “Universal Harmony” (“Harmonie universele …”, 1636) naM. Mersenne. Chikoro cheClassic chekutamba violin muzana ramakore rechi 18. akafunga V. chete semhando yezvishongo uye akati nzira iyi ndeyekushongedza. J. Tartini mubhuku rake rinonzi Treatise on Ornamentation (Trattato delle appogiatura, ca. 1723, ed. 1782) anodana V. “tremolo” uye anoiona semhando yezvinodanwa. tsika dzemutambo. Kushandiswa kwaro, pamwe nekumwe kushongedzwa (trill, grace note, etc.), kwaibvumidzwa muzviitiko "apo chido chinoda." Maererano naTartini naL. Mozart ("The Experience of a Solid Violin School" - "Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule", 1756), B. inogoneka mu cantilena, pamanzwi akareba, akasimba, kunyanya mu "mazwi ekupedzisira emimhanzi". Nezwi remezza - kutevedzera inzwi remunhu - V., pane zvinopesana, "haifanire kushandiswa." V. dzakasiyana zvakafanana zvishoma nezvishoma, zvakafanana nekukurumidza uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvichikwira, zvinoratidzwa nemitsetse yewavy pamusoro pezvinyorwa:

Munguva yerudo, V. kubva "kushongedza" inoshanduka kuva nzira yemimhanzi. kutaura, inova chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveunyanzvi hwekuridza violinist. Kushandiswa kwakapararira kweviolin, kwakatangwa naN. Paganini, kwakateverwa nomuzvarirwo kubva mukududzirwa kworuvara rweviolin neveRomantics. Muzana remakore rechi19, nekusunungurwa kwekuita kwemimhanzi pachikuva chekona huru. horo, V. yakanyatsobatanidzwa mukuita kwemutambo. Pasinei neizvi, kunyange L. Spohr mu "Violin School" yake ("Violinschule", 1831) inokubvumira kuita V. chikamu chete. manzwi, to-rye anomaka newavy line. Pamwe chete nemhando dzataurwa pamusoro, Spohr akashandisawo kudzikira V.

Kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kweV. kunobatanidza nekushanda kweE. Isai uye, kunyanya, F. Kreisler. Edza manzwiro. saturation uye simba rekuita, uye kushandisa V. senzira ye "kuimba" unyanzvi, Kreisler akatanga kuzununguka paanenge achitamba ndima dzinokurumidza uye mukudzivirira sitiroko (iyo yairambidzwa nezvikoro zvekare).

Izvi zvakabatsira kukunda "etude", kuoma kwekunzwika kwendima dzakadaro. Ongororo yeviolin V. dec. mhando uye unyanzvi hwake. zvikumbiro zvakapiwa naK. Flesh mubasa rake “Unyanzvi Hwokuridza Violin” (“Die Kunst des Violinspiels”, Bd 1-2, 1923-28).

2) Nzira yekuita pane clavichord, iyo yakashandiswa zvakanyanya naye. vatambi vomuzana remakore rechi18; inotaura "kushongedza", yakafanana neV. uye inonziwo Bebung.

Nekubatsirwa kweiyo vertical oscillatory kufamba kwechigunwe pakiyi yakaderedzwa, nekuda kwekuti iyo tangent yakaramba ichibatana netambo, mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwenzwi uye simba rekurira rakagadzirwa. Zvaive zvakakodzera kushandisa nzira iyi pakurira kwakasimba, kwakakanganisika (FE Bach, 1753) uye, kunyanya, mumitambo yemunhu anosuwa, anosuwa (DG Türk, 1786). Zvinyorwa zvakati:

3) Kugamuchirwa kwekuita pane zvimwe zviridzwa zvemhepo; kuvhura zvishoma uye kuvhara kwevhavha, kusanganiswa nekushanduka kwesimba rekufemesa, kunogadzira mhedzisiro yeV. Yakave yakapararira pakati pevanoita jazz.

4) Mukuimba - rudzi rwakakosha rwekuzunguzika kwezwi remuimbi. Kubva pane zvakasikwa wok. V. anonyepa asina kuenzana (kwete absolute synchrony) kuchinja kwezwi. "Kurova" kunomuka nekuda kweizvi kunoita kuti izwi riite nguva nenguva, "dedera". Unhu hweinzwi remuimbi-timbre yake, kudziya, uye kutaura-kusvika pamwero mukuru zvinoenderana nepfuma yaV. inopfuura mune inonzi. kudedera (kuzunguzika) kwezwi, kunoita kuti rinzwike risingafadzi. Kudedera kunogonawo kuva mugumisiro wewoki yakaipa. zvikoro.

References: Kazansky VS naRzhevsky SN, Kudzidza kwetimbre yekurira kwezwi uye zvakakotama zviridzwa zvemimhanzi, "Journal yeApplied Physics", 1928, vol. 5, chinyorwa 1; Rabinovich AV, Oscillographic nzira yekuongorora rwiyo, M., 1932; Struve BA, Vibration seunyanzvi hwekuridza zviridzwa zvakakotamiswa, L., 1933; Garbuzov HA, Zone chimiro chekunzwa kwepitch, M. - L., 1948; Agarkov OM, Vibrato senzira yekutaura kwemimhanzi mukuridza violin, M., 1956; Pars Yu., Vibrato uye pitch perception, mu: Kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekutsvagisa acoustic mumimhanziology, M., 1964; Mirsenne M., Harmonie universelle…, v. 1-2, P., 1636, faksi, v. 1-3, P., 1963; Rau F., Das Vibrato kanaf der Violine…, Lpz., 1922; Seashore, SE, The vibrato, Iowa, 1932 (Yunivhesiti yeIowa. Zvidzidzo mune zvepfungwa zvemimhanzi, v. 1); yake, Psychology ye vibrato muzwi uye chiridzwa, Iowa, 1936 (same series, v. 3).

IM Yampolsky