Polytonality |

kubva muchiGiriki polus - akawanda uye tonality

Rudzi rwakakosha rwekuratidzwa kwetoni, inoumbwa (asi yakabatana) sisitimu yehukama, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. munziyo dzemazuva ano. P. - "kwete huwandu hwemakiyi akati wandei ... asi maitiro avo akaomarara, achipa hutsva modal mhando - modal system yakavakirwa pa polytonicity" (Yu. I. Paisov). P. inogona kutora chimiro chekubatanidza multi-tonal chords (chord P.), multi-tonal melodic. mitsetse (melodic. P.) uye kubatanidza chords uye melodic. mitsara (yakasanganiswa P.). Nechekunze, P. dzimwe nguva inoratidzika seyakakwirira yezvimiro zvinosiyana-siyana pamusoro peumwe neumwe (ona muenzaniso uri pasi apa).

P., sekutonga, ine nzvimbo imwe chete ("politonic", maererano naPaisov), iyo, zvisinei, haisi monolithic (sezvinowanikwa mukiyi), asi yakawanda, polyharmonically stratified (ona Polyharmony). Zvikamu zvaro ("subtonic", maererano naPaisov) zvinoshandiswa se tonics e nyore, diatonic keys (muzviitiko zvakadaro, P. i "pseudochromatic" yose, maererano neVG Karatygin; ona Polyladovost).

SS Prokofiev. "Sarcasms", Nha 3.

Hwaro hwese hwekubuda kweP. ndeye yakaoma (dissonant uye chromatic) modal chimiro, umo iyo tertian chimiro chechords inogona kuchengetedzwa (kunyanya pamwero we subchords). Muenzaniso wepolytonic kubva kuProkofiev's "Sarcasms" - iyo polychord b - des (cis) - f - ges (fis) - a - inzvimbo imwechete yakaoma yehurongwa, uye kwete maviri akareruka, mairi, ehe, isu tinoora. iyo (mitatu b-moll uye fis-moll); saka, sisitimu yacho yese haidzikisirwe kana kune imwechete kiyi (b-moll), kana kuhuwandu hwemaviri (b-moll + fis-moll). (Sezvo chero organic yese isina kuenzana nehuwandu hwezvikamu zvayo, consonance ye-multi-tonal substructures inosanganiswa mune macrosystem isingagone kuderedzwa kusvika panguva imwe chete makiyi maviri kana akati wandei: "synthesis panguva yekuteerera", manzwi epolytonal. "Vakaiswa mune imwe kiyi inotonga" - MuV. Asafiev, 1925; saizvozvo, macrosystem yakadaro haifanirwe kudanwa nezita reimwe yekare monotonality, zvakanyanya nemazita maviri kana akati wandei ekare monotonities, semuenzaniso, haigone. taura kuti mutambo waProkofiev - ona muenzaniso wemimhanzi - wakanyorwa mu b-moll.)

Inoenderana nepfungwa yeP. ndiyo pfungwa dzepolymode, polychord, polyharmony (musiyano uripo pakati pawo wakafanana nepakati pepfungwa dzinokosha: tonality, mode, chord, kuwirirana). Mucherechedzo mukuru unoratidza kuvapo kweP. chaiyo panguva imwe chete. deployment diff. makiyi, mamiriro acho ndeokuti mumwe nemumwe wavo anomiririrwa kwete nekonzonenzi imwe (kana figuration pasina harmonic shanduko), asi nekunyatso kunzwika kunoshanda kutevera (G. Erpf, 1927; Paisov, 1971).

Kazhinji pfungwa dze "poly-mode", "poly-chord" uye "polyharmony" dzakasanganiswa zvisirizvo neP. Chikonzero chekusanganisa pfungwa dzepoly-mode kana poly-chord neP. kazhinji inopa dzidziso isiriyo. dudziro yedata rekuona: eg chikuru matauriro echodhi anotorwa semukuru. iyo toni (tonic) yekiyi kana, semuenzaniso, kusanganiswa kweC-dur uye Fis-dur sechords (ona dingindira rePetrushka kubva mubhareti yezita rimwechete naIF Stravinsky, muenzaniso wemumhanzi pamutsetse 329) inotorwa semusanganiswa weC-dur naFis- dur sekiyi (kureva kuti chords inodudzwa zvisirizvo nezwi rokuti “tonality”; kukanganisa uku kunoitwa, semuenzaniso, naD. Millau, 1923). Naizvozvo, mizhinji yemienzaniso yaP. inopiwa muzvinyorwa hainyatsoimiriri. Kubviswa kwemaharmonics akaturikidzana kubva kune yakaoma tonal mamiriro anopa zvakafanana (zvisizvo) mhedzisiro sekubvisa kuwirirana kwemanzwi ega ega mune fugue kubva kune yakapusa tonal mamiriro (semuenzaniso, bass mune b-moll fugue stretta naBach, Iyo Well- Hasha Clavier, 2nd vhoriyamu, mabara 33 -37 angave ari muLocrian mode).

Iwo prototypes emapolystructures (P.) anogona kuonekwa mune mamwe masampuli e nar. mimhanzi (eg sutartines). MuEuropean polyphony ndiyo yekutanga preform yeP. - modal maviri-layered (Quarter yekupedzisira ye13th - yekutanga Quarter ye15th century) ine hunhu "Gothic cadence" yerudzi:

cis - d gis - ae - d (ona Cadence).

Glarean muDodecachord (1547) yakabvuma panguva imwe chete. kusanganiswa kunoratidzwa nemazwi akasiyana akasiyana. frets. Muenzaniso unozivikanwa weP. (1544) - "kutamba kwechiJudha" naX. Neusiedler (mubhuku "Denkmäler der Tonkunst mu Österreich", Bd 37) - chaizvoizvo haimiriri P., asi polyscale. Nhoroondo, yekutanga "polytonally" yakanyorwa yenhema polychord iri mukupedzisa. mabhawa e "A Musical Joke" naWA ​​Mozart (K..-V. 522, 1787):

Dzimwe nguva, zviitiko zvinoonekwa seP. zvinowanikwa mumimhanzi yezana ramakore rechi 19. (MP Mussorgsky, Mifananidzo paChiratidziro, “VaJudha Vaviri”; NA Rimsky-Korsakov, mutsauko wechigumi nenhanhatu kubva ku“Paraphrase” – padingindira rakarongwa naAP Borodin). Chiitiko chinonzi P. chimiro chemimhanzi yezana remakore rechi16. (P. Hindemith, B. Bartok, M. Ravel, A. Honegger, D. Milhaud, C. Ive, IF Stravinsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, K. Shimanovsky, B. Lutoslavsky uye nezvimwewo).

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