Vibraphone: chii, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, musiyano kubva xylophone

Iyo vibraphone chiridzwa chepercussion chakave nesimba guru pamagariro emimhanzi yejazz muUnited States.

Chii chinonzi vibraphone

Classification - metallophone. Zita rekuti glockenspiel rinoshandiswa kune zviridzwa zvesimbi zvine mitsetse yakasiyana.

Nekunze, chiridzwa chakafanana nechiridzwa chekhibhodi, sepiyano uye pianoforte. Asi vanoridza kwete neminwe, asi nenyundo dzakakosha.

Iyo vibraphone inowanzoshandiswa mumimhanzi ye jazz. Mumhanzi wechinyakare, iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri pakati pezvinonyanya kufarirwa zviridzwa zve keyboard.

Tool design

Kuvakwa kwemuviri kwakafanana nexylophone, asi ine musiyano. Musiyano uri mu keyboard. Makiyi ari pandiro yakakosha ine mavhiri pasi. Injini yemagetsi inopindura kune keystrokes uye inomutsa mashizha, chiito chacho chinokanganisa kurira kwezwi. Vibration inogadzirwa nekupindirana tubular resonators.

Chishandiso chine damper. Chikamu chakagadzirirwa kuvharidzira nekupfavisa ruzha rwuri kuridzwa. Iyo damper inodzorwa neiyo pedal iri pazasi pe vibraphone.

Iyo metallophone keyboard yakagadzirwa nealuminium. Makomba anochekwa pamwe chete nehurefu hwose hwekiyi kusvika kumagumo.

Ruzha rwunobudiswa nesando inorova pamakiyi. Nhamba yenyundo i2-6. Vanosiyana muchimiro nekuoma. Chimiro chemusoro chakatenderera. Iyo inorema iyo nyundo, iyo yakanyanya uye yakanyanya kurira mumhanzi ucharira.

Muyero we tuning mutsara wemaoctave matatu, kubva F kusvika pakati C. Rutivi rwemaoctave mana runowanikwawo. Kusiyana neiyo xylophone, iyo vibraphone haisi chishandiso chekufambisa. Mumakore makumi matatu ezana remakore rapfuura, vagadziri vakagadzira soprano metallophones. Iyo timbre yeiyo soprano vhezheni ndeye C30-C4. Iyo "Deagan 7" modhi yakaderedzwa, yakajairika kadhibhodhi yakashandiswa seresonators.

Pakutanga, vaimbi vairidza vibraphone vakamira. Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, mamwe mavibraphonists akatanga kutamba akagara, kuitira kuti ashandise zviri nyore tsoka dzese pamakumbo. Pamusoro peiyo damper pedal, mhedzisiro pedals inowanzoshandiswa pamagitare emagetsi atanga kushandiswa.

Nhoroondo ye vibraphone

Chimbo chekutanga chemimhanzi chinonzi "Vibraphone" chakatengeswa muna 1921. Kusunungurwa kwakabatwa nekambani yeAmerica Leedy Manufacturing. Iyo yekutanga vhezheni yemetallophone yaive nemisiyano midiki midiki kubva kumhando dzemazuva ano. Pakazosvika 1924, chiridzwa chacho chakanga chapararira. Kukurumbira kwakafambiswa nenziyo "Gypsy Love Song" uye "Aloha Oe" nemuimbi wepop Luis Frank Chia.

Kuzivikanwa kwechiridzwa chitsva kwakatungamira kune chokwadi chekuti mu1927 JC Deagan Inc yakafunga kugadzira imwe metallophone yakafanana. Deagan mainjiniya haana kutevedzera zvachose chimiro chemukwikwidzi. Pane kudaro, kuvandudzwa kukuru kwekugadzira kwakaunzwa. Sarudzo yekushandisa aluminium pachinzvimbo chesimbi sechinhu chakakosha chakavandudza ruzha. Tuning yave nyore. Iyo damper pedal yakaiswa muchikamu chepasi. Iyo Deagan vhezheni yakakurumidza kupfuura ndokutsiva yakatangira.

Muna 1937, kumwe kugadziridzwa kwekugadzira kwakaitika. Iyo nyowani "Imperial" modhi yakaratidza maviri nehafu octave renji. Mamwe mamodheru akagashira rutsigiro rwemagetsi masaini kubuda.

Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, vibraphone yakapararira muEurope neJapan.

Basa mumimhanzi

Kubva payakavambwa, vibraphone yave chinhu chakakosha chemumhanzi wejazz. Muna 1931 nyanzvi yekutamba Lionel Hampton akarekodha rwiyo "Les Hite Band". Zvinotendwa kuti iyi ndiyo yekutanga studio kurekodha ine vibraphone. Hampton akazove nhengo yeGoodman Jazz Quartet, kwaakaramba achishandisa iyo itsva glockenspiel.

Muimbi wekuAustria Alban Berg ndiye akatanga kushandisa vibraphone mumhanzi weorchestra. Muna 1937, Berg akaita opera Lulu. Muimbi wechiFrench Olivier Messiaen akapa zvibodzwa zvinoverengeka achishandisa metallophone. Pakati pemabasa aMesiaen ndiTuarangalila, Kushandurwa kwaJesu Kristu, Musande Francis weAssisi.

Muimbi weRussia Igor Stravinsky akanyora "Requiem Canticles". Kuumbwa kwehunhu nekushandisa zvakanyanya vibraphone.

Mumakore ekuma1960 mutambi wevibraphonist Gary Burton akawana mukurumbira. Muimbi akazvisiyanisa nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira ruzha. Gary akagadzira nzira yekutamba netsvimbo ina panguva imwe chete, 2 paruoko. Nzira itsva iyi yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuridza nziyo dzakaoma uye dzakasiyana-siyana. Iyi nzira yakashandura maonero echishandiso seanogumira.

Mashoko Anofadza

Iyo vibraphone yakagadziridzwa kubva kuDeagan muna 1928 yaive nezita repamutemo "vibra-mbira". Zita racho rakasimuka kubva pamakiyi akarongwa akatwasuka, ayo akaita kuti chiridzwa chifanane nembira.

Rwiyo rweSoviet "Moscow Manheru" rwakanyorwa uchishandisa vibraphone. Kutanga kwenziyo kwakaitika mufirimu "Mumazuva eSpartakiad" muna 1955. Chokwadi chinonakidza: iyo firimu haina kuonekwa, asi rwiyo rwakawana mukurumbira wakawanda. Mutambo wacho wakawana mukurumbira wakakurumbira mushure mekutanga kutepfenyura paredhiyo.

Muimbi Bernard Herrmann akashandisa vibraphone muruzha rwemafirimu mazhinji. Pakati pemabasa ake pane pendi "451 madhigirii Fahrenheit" uye anonakidza naAlfred Hitchcock.