Macymbals: rondedzero yezviridzwa, chimiro, nhoroondo, mhando, kushandiswa

Macymbals chivakwa chemumhanzi chinobatikana mukuita kwemabasa emazuva ano pop, kutaura zvazviri, ndechimwe chezvakagadzirwa zvekare pasirese. MaPrototypes akawanikwa panharaunda yenyika dzazvino dzekumabvazuva (Turkey, India, Greece, China, Armenia), iyo yekare modhi yakanyorwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC. AD

Basics

Chiridzwa chemumhanzi ndechechikamu chekuridza. Zvinhu zvekugadzira - simbi. Nokuda kwekuchena kwezwi, alloys anokosha anoshandiswa - anokandwa, obva agadzirwa. Nhasi kune 4 alloys ari kushandiswa:

• bell bronze (tin + mhangura muchiyero che1: 4);
• bhuronzi inogadzika (tin + mhangura, uye chikamu chetini mune alloy yese ndeye 8%);
• mhangura (zinc + mhangura, mugove we zinc 38%);
• nickel sirivha (mhangura + nickel, nickel content - 12%).

Kurira kwemakandira endarira kunonaka, kwendarira hakuna kusimba, kupenya kushoma. Chikamu chekupedzisira (kubva nickel sirivheri) kuwanikwa kwevatenzi vezana ramakore rechina. Aya haasi ese esarudzo eiyo alloys anoshandiswa, mamwe ese haango shandiswa zvakanyanya, nyanzvi dzinosarudza kushandisa 4 chete yezvinyorwa zviri pamusoro.

Makwakwakwa esimba chiridzwa chine muto usingagumi. Kana zvichidiwa, ruzha rupi norupi runogona kutorwa paari, kureba kwawo kunotsamira paunyanzvi hwomuimbi, nhamburiko dzinoitwa, uye zvinhu zvinogadzirwa.

Mhando dzemazuva ano dziri muchimiro checonvex discs. Ivo vanowanikwa mune orchestras, akasiyana mimhanzi mapoka, ensembles. Kudhirowa kwenzwi kunoitika nekurova pamusoro pemadhisiki nemichina yakakosha (zvimiti, mallet), makwakwakwa akapetwa anorovana.

Chimiro chemahwendefa

Ichi chiridzwa chemumhanzi chine dhodhi. Iyo yepamusoro convex chikamu che dome yakashongedzerwa negomba - nekuda kweiyo ndiro yakasungirirwa kune rack. Pakarepo pasi pedome, iyo inonzi "ride-zone" inotanga. Nzvimbo yekukwira ndiyo mutumbi mukuru wecymbal inogara munzvimbo yakakura kwazvo.

Nzvimbo yechitatu, pedyo nemicheto ye diski, inokonzera kugadzirwa kwezwi - nzvimbo yekuputsika. Nzvimbo yekuputsika yakatetepa kupfuura muviri wemakwakwakwa esimba, uye kuirova kunogadzira ruzha rwakanyanya. Pamusoro pedome, nzvimbo yekufambisa inorohwa zvishoma: yekutanga inopa ruzha rwakafanana nebhero, yechipiri inopa ping ine overtones.

Kurira kwemakwakwakwa kunoenderana nematanho matatu ane chekuita nechimiro:

• dhayamita. Iyo yakakura saizi, kusimba kunoita ruzha. Pamakonzati makuru, makwakwakwa esimbi acharasika, makuru achanzwika akazara.
• Dome size. Iyo yakakura iyo dome, iyo yakawanda overtones, iyo inoridza ruzha.
• ukobvu. Ruzha rwakafara, rukuru runoitwa nemhando dzinorema, dzakakora.

Nhoroondo yemakwakwakwa esimbi

Analogues emahwendefa akaonekwa muBronze Age munharaunda yeChina yekare, Japan, Indonesia. Iyo yakagadzirwa yakaita sebhero - chimiro checonical, pasi - bend muchimiro chemhete. Ruzha rwacho rwaibudiswa nokurovera chiridzwa chimwe pane chimwe.

Mushure mezana remakore re XIII AD. Chimbo cheChinese chakaguma muOttoman Empire. VeTurkey vakashandura chitarisiko, vachinyatso kuunza mahwendefa kune dudziro yemazuva ano. Chiridzwa chacho chainyanya kushandiswa mumimhanzi yehondo.

Europe haina kuororwa nechido chekumabvazuva. Vaimbi vane hunyanzvi uye vaimbi vaisanganisira makwakwakwa esimbi mu orchestra pazvaive zvakakodzera kugadzira mamiriro ekunze ekumabvazuva kwevatorwa, kuti vabudise flavour yeTurkey. Vangori vashoma masters ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX vakanyora zvikamu zvaikurudzira kushandiswa kwechiridzwa ichi - Haydn, Gluck, Berlioz.

XX-XXI mazana emakore aive zuva rekudyara kwemahwendefa. Ivo inhengo dzakazara dze orchestra nemamwe mapoka emimhanzi. Mitsva mitsva uye nzira dzekutamba dziri kubuda.

Types

Kune marudzi akawanda echiridzwa, akasiyana muhukuru, inzwi, chitarisiko.

Makandira akabatanidzwa

Orchestral makwakwakwa esimbi anomiririrwa nemhando dzinoverengeka, imwe yacho hi-hat (Hi-hat). Makandira maviri akaiswa pakona imwe chete, rimwe rakatarisana nerimwe. Chigadziko chacho chakashongedzerwa nerutsoka rwokugadzira: kuita pane pedal, muimbi anosanganisa zviridzwa zvakapetwa, kubvisa inzwi. Iyo yakakurumbira hi-hat dhayamita ndeye 13-14 inches.

Pfungwa iyi ndeyevatambi vejazz: dhizaini yakashongedza dhiramu kit kuitira kuti mutambi agone kudzora zvigubhu uye kubvisa ruzha kubva kumakandira.

Makwakwakwa akarembera

Ichi chikamu chinosanganisira subspecies akati wandei:

1. Crash. Dhisiki yakaturikwa pane rack. Panogona kunge paine mhando mbiri dzekuputsika mune imwe orchestra, uye kana imwe ikarova imwe, ruzha rune simba, rwakafara-bhendi runotorwa. Kana paine dhizaini imwe chete, muimbi anoridza netsvimbo. Chiridzwa chinopa mataurirwo kune chidimbu chemimhanzi, hachiite solo zvikamu. Mamiriro akasiyana - mupendero mutete, diki gobvu redhome, dhayamita yemhando dzemhando yepamusoro - 16-21 inches.
2. Ride. Inzwi rakabudiswa ipfupi, asi rine simba, rakajeka. Chinangwa chechishandiso ndechekuisa mataurirwo. Chinhu chinosiyanisa ndiko kukora mupendero. Iyo yakajairika dhayamita masendimita makumi maviri. Kugadziriswa kwemuenzaniso ndeye sizzle - muviri wechiridzwa chakadaro wakashongedzerwa nemaketani, rivets kupfumisa ruzha rwakaburitswa.
3. Splash. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana - zviduku zvishoma, muviri wakaonda disc. Ukobvu hwemapendero hunenge hwakaenzana nehukobvu hwedome. Iyo dhayamita yemuenzaniso ndeye 12 inches, inzwi rakaderera, pfupi, yakakwirira.
4. China. Feature - domed shape, "tsvina" inonzwika, inoyeuchidza kurira kwegongo. Iro boka reChinese rinosanganisirawo subspecies ye swish uye pang. Iwo akafanana muchitarisiko, ane ruzha rwakafanana.

makwakwakwa esindo

Vanodanwa kudaro nekuda kwehukuru hwavo hudiki - chiyero chepakati chinongova 2 inches. Izvo zvakabatanidzwa neminwe (yepakati uye yakakura) nerubatsiro rwezvigadzirwa zvakakosha, izvo zvakanzi pachivande mahwendefa emaoko. Pakutanga raishandiswa nevatambi vedumbu. Nyika yekumusha iIndia, nyika dzeArabhu. Nhasi ivo havawanzoshandiswa - mumapoka emarudzi, pakati pevaimbi verock.