Nicolai Gedda |

Nicolai geda

Nikolai Gedda akaberekerwa muStockholm musi waJuly 11, 1925. Mudzidzisi wake akanga ari muimbi weRussia uye muimbi wekwaya Mikhail Ustinov, mumhuri yaigara mukomana. Ustinov akavawo mudzidzisi wekutanga wemuimbi wemangwana. Nicholas akapedza hudiki hwake muLeipzig. Pano, pazera remakore mashanu, akatanga kudzidza kuridza piyano, uyewo kuimba mukwaya yechechi yeRussian. Vakatungamirirwa naUstinov. "Panguva ino," muimbi akazoyeuka, "Ndakadzidza zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha kwandiri: chekutanga, kuti ndinoda mimhanzi nemoyo wese, uye chechipiri, kuti ndine ruzha rwakakwana.

… Ndakabvunzwa kakawanda kuti ndakawanepi inzwi rakadaro. Pane izvi ndinogona kungopindura chinhu chimwe chete: Ndakarigamuchira kubva kuna Mwari. Ndingadai ndakagara nhaka hunhu hwenyanzvi kubva kuna sekuru vamai vangu. Ini pachangu ndagara ndichifunga inzwi rangu rokuimba sechinhu chinofanira kudzorwa. Naizvozvo, ndagara ndichiedza kuchengeta izwi rangu, kurikudziridza, kurarama nenzira yekuti ndisakuvadza chipo changu.

Muna 1934, pamwe chete nevabereki vake vokurera, Nikolai akadzokera kuSweden. Akapedza kudzidza kubva kugymnasium ndokutanga mazuva ekushanda.

“…Rimwe zhizha ndakashandira murume waSarah Leander wekutanga, Nils Leander. Aive neimba yekutsikisa paRegeringsgatan, vakaburitsa bhuku hombe rereferensi nezvevagadziri vemafirimu, kwete chete nezvevatungamiriri nevatambi, asiwo nezve macashier mumabhaisikopo, makanika uye vatongi. Basa rangu rakanga riri rokututira iri basa mupasuru yeposvo ndokuitumira munyika yose nemari pakutumira.

Muchirimo cha1943, baba vangu vakawana basa musango: vakatema huni kune mumwe murimi pedyo netaundi reMersht. Ndakaenda naye ndokubatsira. Yakanga iri zhizha rakanaka zvinoshamisa, takamuka kumashanu mangwanani, panguva yainyanya kufadza - pakanga pachine kupisa uye pasina umhutu. Takashanda kusvika kumatatu ndokunozorora. Taigara mumba memushakabvu.

Muzhizha ra1944 na1945, ndakashanda paNurdiska Company, mudhipatimendi raigadzira mapasuru ezvipo kuti aendeswe kuGermany - iyi yakanga iri yamuro yakarongeka, inotungamirirwa naCount Folke Bernadotte. Iyo Nurdiska Kambani yaive nenzvimbo dzakakosha dzeiyi paSmålandsgatan - mapakeji aive akazara ipapo, uye ini ndakanyora zviziviso ...

… Kufarira mumhanzi chaiko kwakamutswa neredhiyo, apo mukati memakore ehondo ndakarara kwemaawa ndichiteerera - kutanga kuna Gigli, uyezve kuna Jussi Björling, muGerman Richard Tauber uye Dane Helge Rosvenge. Ndinoyeuka kuyemura kwangu tenor Helge Roswenge - aive nebasa rakanaka muGermany munguva yehondo. Asi Gigli akamutsa manzwiro ane dutu mukati mangu, kunyanya kukwezva nerepertoire yake - arias kubva kuItaly neFrench operas. Ndaipedza manheru akawanda ndiri paredhiyo, ndichiteerera uye ndichiteerera ndisingapere.

Mushure mekushanda muchiuto, Nikolai akapinda muStockholm Bank somushandi, kwaakashanda kwemakore anoverengeka. Asi akaramba achirota nezvebasa remuimbi.

“Shamwari dzepedyo dzevabereki vangu dzakandirayira kuti ndidzidze kubva kumudzidzisi wokuLatvia Maria Vintere, asati auya kuSweden aiimba paRiga Opera. Murume wake aiva mudzidzisi muimba imwe chete yemitambo, uyo ndakatanga kudzidza naye dzidziso yemimhanzi. Maria Wintere aiita zvidzidzo muhoro yegungano yairendwa yechikoro manheru, masikati aifanira kuwana chokurarama nacho nebasawo zvaro. Ndakadzidza naye kwegore, asi akanga asingazivi nzira yekugadzira chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kwandiri - nzira yekuimba. Sezviri pachena, handina kufambira mberi chero kupi zvako naye.

Ndakataura nevamwe vatengi kuhofisi yebhangi nezvemimhanzi pandakavabatsira kuvhura masefa. Kunyanya pane zvese takataura naBertil Strange - aive mutambi wenyanga muCourt Chapel. Pandakamuudza nezvematambudziko ekudzidza kuimba, akatumidza Martin Eman kuti: “Ndinofunga achakukodzerai.”

… Pandakaimba nhamba dzangu dzose, kuyemurwa kusingaite kwakabuda maari, akati akanga asati ambonzwa mumwe munhu achiimba zvinhu izvi zvinoyevedza kudaro – chokwadi, kunze kwaGigli naBjörling. Ndakafara ndikafunga kushanda naye. Ndakamuudza kuti ndinoshanda mubhangi, kuti mari yandinowana inoenda kuriritira mhuri yangu. "Ngatisaite dambudziko nekubhadhara zvidzidzo," Eman akadaro. Nguva yokutanga akati aida kudzidza neni mahara.

Mumatsutso a1949 ndakatanga kudzidza naMartin Eman. Mwedzi mishoma gare gare, akandipa bvunzo yekuongorora yeChristina Nilsson Scholarship, panguva iyoyo yaive 3000 korona. Martin Eman akagara mudare redzimhosva nemukuru panguva iyoyo conductor weopera, Joel Berglund, uye muimbi wedare Marianne Merner. Zvadaro, Eman akati Marianne Merner akafara, izvo zvisingagoni kutaurwa nezveBerglund. Asi ndakagamuchira bhonasi, uye imwe, uye zvino ndaigona kubhadhara Eman nokuda kwezvidzidzo.

Ndichiri kutambidza cheque dziya Eman akafonera mumwe wevakuru vebhanga reScandinavia waaiziva zvake. Akandikumbira kuti ndiite basa renguva isina kuzara kuti andipe mukana wokunyatso, kunyatsoramba ndichiimba. Ndakachinjirwa kuhofisi huru paGustav Adolf Square. Martin Eman akarongawo ongororo itsva kwandiri pa Academy of Music. Zvino vakandigamuchira somuzvipiri, uko kwakareva kuti, kune rumwe rutivi, ndaifanira kunyora bvunzo, uye kune rumwe rutivi, ndakasunungurwa pakupinda kwokumanikidzira, sezvo ndaifanira kupedza hafu yezuva kubhangi.

Ndakapfuurira kufunda naEman, uye zuva riri rose renguva iyoyo, kubva muna 1949 kusvikira muna 1951, rakanga rakazara nebasa. Makore aya aive akanakisa muhupenyu hwangu, saka zvakawanda zvakangoerekana zvavhurika kwandiri ...

… Chandakadzidziswa naMartin Eman chekutanga pane zvese yaive nzira “yekugadzirira” izwi. Izvi zvinoitwa kwete chete nekuda kwekuti iwe unosviba uchienda kune "o" uye zvakare shandisa shanduko muhupamhi hwekuvhurwa kwehuro uye nerubatsiro rwerutsigiro. Muimbi anowanzo kufema sevanhu vese, kwete nepahuro chete, asiwo zvakadzika, nemapapu. Kuwana nzira yekufema yakafanira kwakafanana nekuzadza decanter nemvura, unofanirwa kutanga kubva pasi. Vanozadza mapapu zvakadzika - kuitira kuti zvive zvakakwana kune mutsara wakareba. Zvadaro zvakakosha kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandisa mhepo zvakanyatsonaka kuitira kuti usasara usina iyo kusvikira pakuguma kwemutsara. Eman zvese izvi aikwanisa kundidzidzisa zvakakwana, nekuti iye pachake aive tenor uye ainyatsoziva matambudziko aya.

Kubvumbi 8, 1952 yaive debut yeHedda. Zuva rakatevera racho, mapepanhau akawanda eSweden akatanga kutaura nezvokubudirira kukuru kwomuuyi.

Panguva iyoyo, kambani yeChirungu rekodhi EMAI yaitsvaga muimbi webasa rePretender muMussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov, yaizoitwa muchiRussia. Injiniya anozivikanwa kwazvo Walter Legge akauya kuStockholm kuzotsvaga mutambi. Vatungamiri veimba yeopera vakakoka Legge kuti aronge ongororo yevaimbi vechidiki vane zvipo zvikuru. VV anotaura nezvekutaura kwaGedda. Timokhin:

"Muimbi akaimbira Legge "Aria ane Ruva" kubva kuna "Carmen", achipenya B-flat inoyevedza. Mushure meizvi, Legge akakumbira jaya kuti aimbe mutsara mumwe chete maererano nezvinyorwa zvemunyori - diminuendo uye pianissimo. Nyanzvi yakazadzisa ichi chishuwo pasina chero kuedza. Manheru iwayo, Gedda akaimba, zvino kuDobrovijn, zvakare "aria ine ruva" uye maviri arias naOttavio. Legge, mudzimai wake Elisabeth Schwarzkopf naDobrovein vakanga vasingabvumirani mumaonero avo - vaiva nemuimbi akatanhamara pamberi pavo. Pakarepo kondirakiti yakasayirwa naye kuti aite chikamu chePretender. Zvisinei, uku kwakanga kusiri kuguma kwenyaya yacho. Legge aiziva kuti Herbert Karajan, uyo akatangisa Don Giovanni waMozart kuLa Scala, akanetseka zvikuru pakusarudza mutambi wenzvimbo yaOttavio, uye akatumira teregiramu pfupi kubva kuStockholm kuna conductor uye director weiyo theatre Antonio Ghiringelli: "Ndakawana. iyo yakanaka Ottavio ". Ghiringelli akabva afonera Gedda kuAudition kuLa Scala. Giringelli akazotaura kuti muchikamu chechina chezana remakore rekutonga kwake semutungamiriri, akanga asati ambosangana nemuimbi wekune imwe nyika angave ane murairo wakakwana wemutauro weItaly. Gedda akakurumidza kukokwa kubasa reOttavio. Kuita kwake kwakabudirira zvikuru, uye munyori wenziyo Carl Orff, ane Triumphs trilogy yakanga ichangogadzirirwa kuitirwa paLa Scala, akabva apa mudiki uyu muimbi chikamu cheMuroori muchikamu chekupedzisira chetatu, Kukunda kwaAphrodite. Saka, kwangopera gore mushure mekuita kwekutanga pachikuva, Nikolai Gedda akawana mukurumbira semuimbi ane zita rekuEurope.

Muna 1954, Gedda akaimba munzvimbo nhatu huru dzemimhanzi dzeEurope kamwechete: muParis, London neVienna. Izvi zvinoteverwa nekushanya kwekonzati yemaguta eGermany, mutambo wemimhanzi muguta reFrance reAix-en-Provence.

Pakati pemakumi mashanu, Gedda atove nemukurumbira wepasirese. MunaNovember 1957, akatanga kuoneka muGounod's Faust kuNew York Metropolitan Opera House. Uyezve pano akaimba gore negore kwemwaka inodarika makumi maviri.

Nguva pfupi achangotanga kuMetropolitan, Nikolai Gedda akasangana nemuimbi weRussia uye mudzidzisi wezwi Polina Novikova, aigara muNew York. Gedda akatenda zvikuru zvidzidzo zvake: “Ndinotenda kuti nguva dzose pane ngozi yezvikanganiso zviduku zvinogona kuuraya uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotungamirira muimbi munzira isiri iyo. Muimbi haagone, seanoridza chiridzwa, azvinzwe, uye saka kugara uchitarisisa kunodiwa. Ndine rombo rakanaka kuti ndakasangana nemudzidzisi uyo unyanzvi hwekuimba hwave sainzi. Pane imwe nguva, Novikova akanga akakurumbira chaizvo muItaly. Mudzidzisi wake aiva Mattia Battistini pachake. Aive nechikoro chakanaka uye yakakurumbira bass-baritone George London.

Zvikamu zvakawanda zvinopenya zveiyo artic biography yaNikolai Gedda zvakabatana neMetropolitan Theatre. Muna Gumiguru 1959, kuita kwake muMassenet's Manon kwakakwevera wongororo yakashata kubva kumapepanhau. Vatsoropodzi havana kukundikana kucherechedza kunaka kwezvirevo, nyasha dzinoshamisa uye kukudzwa kwemaitiro emuimbi.

Pakati pemabasa akaimbwa naGedda padanho reNew York, Hoffmann ("The Tales of Hoffmann" naOffenbach), Duke ("Rigoletto"), Elvino ("Sleepwalker"), Edgar ("Lucia di Lammermoor") anomira pachena. Nezvekuita kwebasa raOttavio, mumwe wevanoongorora akanyora kuti: “Semutambi weMozartian, Hedda ane vashoma vanokwikwidza panhandare yeopera yemazuva ano: rusununguko rwakakwana rwekuita uye kuravira kwakanatswa, tsika huru yehunyanzvi uye chipo chinoshamisa chehunyanzvi. muimbi anomutendera kuti awane hurefu hunoshamisa mumhanzi waMozart. "

Muna 1973, Gedda akaimba muchiRussia chikamu chaHerman muThe Queen of Spades. Kufara kwakabvumirana kwevateereri veAmerica kwakakonzerwawo nerimwe basa re "Russian" remuimbi - chikamu cheLensky.

"Lensky chikamu chandinofarira," anodaro Gedda. "Kune rudo rwakawanda uye nhetembo mairi, uye panguva imwe chete mutambo wechokwadi wakawanda." Mune imwe yemashoko pamusoro pekuita kwemuimbi, tinoverenga: "Achitaura muEugene Onegin, Gedda anozviwana ari mumanzwiro ari pedyo naye zvokuti rwiyo uye chido chekudetemba chinowanikwa mumufananidzo waLensky chinogamuchira kunyanya kubata uye zvakadzama. inonakidza embodiment kubva kumuimbi. Zvinoita sekuti mweya chaiwo wemudetembi wechidiki anoimba, uye manyawi akajeka, zviroto zvake, pfungwa pamusoro pekuparadzana nehupenyu, muiti wemifananidzo anoratidza nekutendeseka kunofadza, nyore uye kutendeseka.

Muna Kurume 1980, Gedda akashanyira nyika yedu kekutanga. Akaita pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre yeUSSR zvakanyatsonaka mubasa reLensky uye nekubudirira kukuru. Kubva panguva iyoyo, muimbi aiwanzoshanyira nyika yedu.

Mutsoropodzi weArt Svetlana Savenko anonyora kuti:

"Pasina kuwedzeredza, tenor yeSweden inogona kunzi muimbi wepasirese: akasiyana masitaera nemhando anowanikwa kwaari - kubva mumhanzi weRenaissance kuenda kuOrff nenziyo dzechiRussia, dzakasiyana siyana dzetsika. Ari kugutsikana zvakaenzana muRigoletto naBoris Godunov, muhuwandu hwaBach uye murudo rwaGrieg. Zvichida izvi zvinoratidza kuchinjika kwechimiro chekugadzira, hunhu hwemuimbi akakurira kune imwe nyika uye akamanikidzwa kujaira kujairana netsika yakapoteredza. Asi shure kwezvose, kushanduka-shanduka kunodawo kuchengetedzwa uye kurima: panguva iyo Gedda akakura, angadai akakanganwa mutauro wechiRussian, mutauro wehuduku hwake uye wehuduku, asi izvi hazvina kuitika. Bato reLensky muMoscow neLeningrad rakanzwika mukududzira kwake zvine zvazvinoreva uye zvisingaite.

Maitiro ekuita aNikolai Gedda anobatanidza nemufaro zvimiro zveanoverengeka, angangoita matatu, zvikoro zvenyika. Inobva pamisimboti yeItaly bel canto, kugona kwayo kunofanirwa kune chero muimbi anoda kuzvipira kune operatic classics. Kuimba kwaHedda kunosiyaniswa nekufema kwakakura kwemutsara unonzwika webel canto, wakasanganiswa nekuenzana kwakakwana kwekugadzirwa kwenzwi: imwe neimwe syllable itsva inotsiva yekare, pasina kutyora imwe nzvimbo yezwi, zvisinei kuti kuimba kungave kwakadii. . Nokudaro kubatana kwetimbre kwezwi reHedda, kusavapo kwe "seams" pakati pezvinyorwa, izvo dzimwe nguva zvinowanikwa kunyange pakati pevaimbi vakuru. Tenor yake yakanaka zvakaenzana murejista yese. "