Mumhanzi wakareruka, mimhanzi yeruvara |

Chirungu — mimhanzi yeruvara, chiGerman. — Farblichtmusik, French. — musique des couleeur

Izwi rinoshandiswa kureva rudzi rweunyanzvi. uye zvesainzi uye zvehunyanzvi. kuyedza mumunda we synthesis yemimhanzi uye chiedza. Pfungwa ye "chiratidzo" chemimhanzi yakave nechirevo. kusimudzira kwakabatana nekushanduka kwesainzi ye art-ve. Kana dzidziso dzekutanga dzeS. pfuurira kubva pakucherechedzwa kwekufanotemerwa kusiri kwemunhu kwemitemo yekushandurwa kwemimhanzi kuita chiedza, inonzwisiswa serudzi rwemuviri. maitiro, zvino mune dzinotevera pfungwa chinhu chemunhu chinotanga kuverengerwa nekukwezva kune physiological, psychological, uyezve kune aesthetic. zvinhu. Dzidziso dzokutanga dzinonyatsozivikanwa (J. Arcimboldo muItaly, A. Kircher muGermany uye, pamusoro pezvose, L. B. Castel muFrance) zvakavakirwa pachishuwo chekuwana "shanduro" isina kujeka yemimhanzi muchiedza pahwaro hweiyo spectrum-octave analogy yakakurudzirwa naI. Newton achipesvedzerwa necosmology, pfungwa ye "mimhanzi yezvikamu" (Pythagoras, I. Kepler). Aya mazano aive akakurumbira muzana remakore rechi17-19. uye inorimwa muDOS mbiri. zvakasiyana-siyana: "Mumhanzi wemavara" - kufambidzana kwemimhanzi nekutevedzana kwemavara kunotsanangurwa nehuwandu husina kujeka hwechiyero - ruvara rwemavara; “mimhanzi yoruvara” ndiko kuchinja kusina mutsindo kwemavara kunotsiva toni munziyo maererano neenzaniso imwe cheteyo. Pakati pevatsigiri vedzidziso yeCastel (1688-1757) pane vanyori venguva yake J. F. Rameau, G. Telemann, A. E. M. Gretry uye gare gare masayendisiti E. Darwin, D. I. Khmelnitsky nevamwe. Pakati pevatsoropodzi vake pane - vanofunga saD. Diderot, J. d'Alembert, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire, G. E. Zvishoma, vanyori W. Hogarth, P. Gonzago, pamwe naJ. V. Goethe, J. Buffon, G Helmholtz, uyo akaratidzira kusava nechikonzero chekuendesa zvakananga kwemitemo yemimhanzi (kunzwa) kumunda wekuona. Kuongorora kwakadzama kwemafungiro aCastel kwakatsaurirwa muna 1742. musangano weRussia Academy yeScience. Yatova "nhengo dzakareruka" dzekutanga (B. Bishop, A. Rimington), iyo yakaonekwa mushure mekugadzirwa kwemagetsi. light sources, vachigutsikana nemeso avo kuti vatsoropodzi vaCastel vakarurama. Asi kushaikwa kwekuita kwakakura kwechiedza nemimhanzi synthesis kwakabatsira mukudzokororwa kuyedza mukutanga kuenzanisa pakati pechiyero uye kutevedzana kwemavara (F. I. Yuryev; D. Kellogg muUSA, K. Löf muGermany). Aya ma mechanistic concepts haasi-aesthetic mune zvemukati uye echisikigo-uzivi mumavambo. Kutsvaga kwemitemo yechiedza-mimhanzi. synthesis, to-rye yaizoita kuti kubudirira kwekubatana kwemimhanzi uye chiedza, pakutanga kwakabatanidzwa nekunzwisisa kwekubatana (kuwirirana) chete seontological. zvikamu. Izvi zvakasimbisa kutenda kwechisungo uye mukana we "kushandura mimhanzi muvara", chido chekunzwisisa mitemo yakataurwa sesayenzi yechisikigo. mitemo. Iko kunonoka kudzoka kweCastellianism kunomiririrwa nekuedza kwemamwe masayendisiti uye mainjiniya kuwana "shanduro" yemimhanzi munyika nerubatsiro rwe automation uye cybernetics pahwaro hwekunyanya kuomarara, asiwo algorithms asina kujeka (semuenzaniso, kuyedza. zve K. L. Leontiev uye rabhoritari yeruvara mimhanzi Leningrad A. S.

Muzana remakore rechi20 chiedza chekutanga uye nziyo dzemimhanzi dzakaonekwa, kusikwa kwayo kwaienderana nekunaka kwechokwadi. zvinodiwa. Chokutanga pane zvose, iyi ndiyo pfungwa ye "light symphony" muA Scriabin's "Prometheus" (1910), mune zvibodzwa izvo zvekutanga mumhanzi wenyika. tsika nemunyori pachake akasuma inokosha. tambo "Luce" (chiedza), yakanyorwa mumanotsi akajairwa pachiridzwa "tastiera per luce" ("light clavier"). Chikamu chemwenje chezvikamu zviviri iruvara "kuona" kwechirongwa chetoni chebasa. Rimwe remanzwi, nharembozha, rinotevera shanduko mukuwirirana (inodudzirwa nemunyori sekuchinja kwemakiyi). Imwe yacho, isingashande, inoita seinogadzirisa makiyi ereferenzi uye ine zvinyorwa zvinomwe chete, ichitevera chiyero chetoni kubva kuFis kuenda kuFis, inoratidzira chirongwa cheuzivi che "Prometheus" muchiratidzo chemavara (kukura kwe "mweya" uye "nyaya" ) Iko hakuna zviratidzo zvekuti mavara anowirirana nenziyo manotsi mu "Luce". Pasinei nekusiyana kwekuongorora kwechiitiko ichi, kubvira 1915 "Prometheus" yave ichiitwa kakawanda nekuperekedzwa kwechiedza.

Pakati pemabasa evamwe vanyori vane mukurumbira pane Schoenberg's Lucky Hand (1913), VV Shcherbachev's Nonet (1919), Stravinsky's Black Concerto (1946), Y. Xenakis' Polytope (1967), Poetoria Shchedrin (1968), "Preliminary Action" (based pazvikeche naAN Skryabin, AP Nemtin, 1972). Unyanzvi hwese uhu. miedzo, saScriabin's "Prometheus", yakabatanidzwa nechikumbiro kune kunzwa kwemavara, nekunzwisisa kwekubatana kwezwi uye chiedza, kana kuti panzvimbo iyo, inonzwika uye inooneka sechinhu chinopindirana chepfungwa. phenomenon. Icho chiri maererano nekuziva kwe epistemological. chimiro chechiitiko ichi, tsika yakamuka yekuwana kubatana kwekufananidzira muchiedza-mimhanzi synthesis, izvo zvakazove zvakakodzera kushandisa hunyanzvi hweauditory-visual polyphony (Skryabin muzvirongwa zvake zve "Preliminary Action" uye "Chakavanzika. ", LL Sabaneev, VV Kandinsky, SM Eisenstein, BM Galeev, Yu. A. Pravdyuk nevamwe); chete mushure mezvo zvakave zvichiita kutaura nezvemimhanzi yakareruka seunyanzvi, kunyange zvazvo kusununguka kwayo kunoratidzika kune dambudziko kune vamwe vatsvakurudzi (KD Balmont, VV Vanslov, F. Popper).

Yakabatwa muzana remakore rechi20 kuedza ne "dynamic light painting" (GI Gidoni, VD Baranov-Rossine, Z. Peshanek, F. Malina, SM Zorin), "absolute cinema" (G. Richter, O. Fischinger, N . McLaren) , “instrumental choreography” (F. Boehme, O. Pine, N. Schaeffer) vanomanikidzwa kupa ngwariro kune chaiyoiyo. maficha ekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoonekwa muS., zvisingawanzo uye kazhinji zvisingasvikike kune zvinoshanda. assimilation by musicians (ch. arr. with the complication of the spatial organization of light). S. yakabatana zvakanyanya netsika dzine hukama. kuda iwe. Pamwe chete neruzha, inoshandisa chiedza-ruvara zvinhu (kubatanidzwa nependi), yakarongeka maererano nemitemo yemuses. logic uye mimhanzi. mafomu (kubatana nemimhanzi), yakabatana zvisina kunanga ne "intonations" yekufamba kwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye, pamusoro pezvose, chiito chemunhu (kubatana nechoreography). Ichi chinyorwa chinogona kugadzirwa zvakasununguka nekubatanidzwa kwemikana yekugadzirisa, kushandura ukuru hwechirongwa, kona, nezvimwewo (kubatana ne cinema). Kusiyanisa S. kumakonti. kuita, yakaburitswa nerubatsiro rwemimhanzi. uye midziyo yekuvhenekesa; chiedza uye mimhanzi mafirimu akagadzirwa nerubatsiro rwemafirimu teknolojia; otomatiki mwenje uye mimhanzi yekumisikidza yezvinangwa zvakashandiswa, zveiyo yekufananidzira sisitimu yekushongedza uye dhizaini. mhosva.

Munzvimbo idzi dzose, kubva pakutanga. Kuedza kwezana remakore rechi20 kuri kuitwa. Pakati pemabasa ekutanga kwehondo - kuedza kweLL Sabaneev, GM Rimsky-Korsakov, LS Termen, PP Kondratsky - muUSSR; A. Klein, T. Wilfred, A. Laszlo, F. Bentham - kunze kwenyika. Mumakore 60-70. Muzana ramakore rechi20 makonzati emwenje edhizaini Bureau "Prometheus" paKazan Aviation Institute akave nemukurumbira. mu-idzo dzimba dzemimhanzi yakareruka muKharkov neMoscow. Museum of AN Scriabin, konzati yemufirimu. horo "October" muLeningrad, "Russia" muMoscow - muU.SR; Amer. "Light Music Ensemble" muNew York, intl. Philips, nezvimwewo - kunze kwenyika. Rudzi rwenzira dzinoshandiswa kuita izvi dzinosanganisira hunyanzvi hwazvino. kubudirira kusvika kuma lasers nemakomputa. Kutevera mafirimu ekuedza "Prometheus" uye "Perpetual motion" (design bureau "Prometheus"), "Mimhanzi uye ruvara" (Kyiv film studio yakatumidzwa zita reAP Dovzhenko), "Space - Earth - Space" ("Mosfilm") inotanga kubudiswa chiedza. -mafirimu emimhanzi ekugovera (Little Triptych kumimhanzi naGV Sviridov, Kazan Film Studio, 1975; mafirimu Horizontal Line naN. McLaren uye Optical Poem naO. Fischinger - kunze kwenyika). Elements of S. inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumimhanzi. t-re, mune mamwe mafirimu. Zvinoshandiswa mumitambo yemitambo yakadai se "Sound and Light", inobatwa pasina kubatanidzwa kwevatambi mumhepo yakazaruka. Kugadzirwa kweserial kwechiedza chekushongedza uye mimhanzi yekumisikidza yemukati dhizaini iri kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. Zvikwere nemapaki eYerevan, Batumi, Kirov, Sochi, Krivoy Rog, Dnepropetrovsk, Moscow zvakashongedzwa nechiedza uye mimhanzi matsime "kutamba" kumimhanzi. Dambudziko rechiedza uye mimhanzi synthesis yakatsaurirwa. nyanzvi. zvesainzi symposia. Vamiririri vakawanda vaiva "Farbe-Ton-Forschungen" congresses muGermany (1927 na1930) uye All-Union misangano "Chiedza neMimhanzi" muU.SSR (1967, 1969, 1975).

References: Hurukuro dzakaraviwa muunganidzwa wavose weImperial Academy of Sciences pana April 29, 1742, St. Petersburg, 1744; Sabaneev L., Skryabin, M.-Pg., 1917; Rimsky-Korsakov GM, Kutsanangura mutsara wechiedza cheScriabin's "Prometheus", muunganidzwa: Vremennik weDhipatimendi reTheory uye Nhoroondo yeMimhanzi yeNyika. Institute of Art History, vol. 1923, L., 2; Gidoni GI, The Art of Light and Color, L., 1926; Leontiev K., Mimhanzi uye ruvara, M., 1930; yake pachake, Color of Prometheus, M., 1961; Galeev B., Scriabin uye kuvandudzwa kwepfungwa yemimhanzi inooneka, mu: Music and Modernity, vol. 1965, M., 6; yake pachake, Artic uye unyanzvi kuedza kweSLE "Prometheus", Kazan, 1969; yake pachake, Chiedza mimhanzi: kuumbwa uye musimboti weunyanzvi hutsva, Kazan, 1974; Musangano "Chiedza uye Mimhanzi" (zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa), Kazan, 1976; Rags Yu., Nazaikinsky E., Pamusoro pezvinogoneka zvehunyanzvi zvekubatanidzwa kwemimhanzi uye ruvara, mu: Musical Art neSainzi, vol. 1969, M., 1; Yuryev FI, Mimhanzi Yechiedza, K., 1970; Vanechkina IL, Pamusoro pechiedza-mimhanzi mazano eAN Scriabin, mu: Mibvunzo yezvakaitika kare, dzidziso yemimhanzi uye dzidzo yemimhanzi, Sat. 1971, Kazan, 2; yake pachake, Chikamu "Luce" sekiyi kune kunonoka kuwirirana kwaScriabin, "SM", 1972, No 1977; Galeev BM, Andreev SA, Dhizaini nheyo dzemwenje uye mimhanzi zvishandiso, M., 4; Dzyubenko AG, Mumhanzi Wemavara, M., 1973; Unyanzvi hwemanzwi anopenya. Sat. Art., Kazan, 1973; Zvishandiso zveAll-Union Chikoro cheVechidiki Masayendisiti padambudziko re "Chiedza neMimhanzi". (Musangano wechitatu), Kazan, 1973; Vanslov VV, Visual arts uye mimhanzi. Zvinyorwa, L., 1975.

BM Galeev