Pierre Monteux |
Pierre Monteux
Pierre Monteux inguva yakazara muhupenyu hwemimhanzi yenguva yedu, nguva inotora angangoita makumi masere emakore! Zviitiko zvakawanda zvinoshamisa zvakabatana nezita rake, zvichiramba zviri muzvinyorwa zvemimhanzi zvezana remakore. Zvakwana kutaura kuti ndiye muimbi uyu aive wekutanga kuita mabasa akadai seMitambo yaDebussy, Ravel's Daphnis naChloe, The Firebird, Petrushka, The Rite of Spring, Stravinsky's The Nightingale, Prokofiev's Third Symphony, "Cornered hat" de Falla. nevamwe vakawanda. Izvi zvega zvinonyatso taura zvinogutsa nezvenzvimbo iyo Monteux yaigara pakati pemakondakita enyika. Asi panguva imwe cheteyo, manzwiro aiwanzoperekedza maitiro ake ainyanya kuva evanyori: mutambi, sokunge zvakadaro, akaramba ari mumumvuri. Chikonzero cheizvi ndiko kuzvininipisa kunoshamisa kweMonteux, kuzvininipisa kwete kwemunhu chete, asiwo kwenyanzvi, iyo yakasiyanisa maitiro ake ose ekuitisa. Kupfava, kujeka, chaiko, kuyerwa kwechimiro, kuoma kwekufamba, kusada kushamisira kwakagara kwakagara muMonteux. "Kutaura pfungwa dzangu kune orchestra uye kuburitsa pfungwa yemunyori, kuve mushandi webasa, ndicho chinangwa changu chete," akadaro. Uye kuteerera kuimba yaitungamirirwa naye, dzimwe nguva zvaiita sekuti vaimbi vairidza vasina kana kondakita. Zvechokwadi, kufungidzira kwakadaro kwaiva kunyengera - kududzira kwakanga kusingabviri, asi kwakanyatsodzorwa nemuimbi, chinangwa chemunyori chakazarurwa zvachose uye kusvika kumagumo. "Ini handidi zvakawanda kubva kune kondakita" - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo I. Stravinsky akaongorora hunyanzvi hweMonteux, waakabatanidzwa naye makumi emakore ekugadzira uye ushamwari hwepauzima.
Mabhiriji ebasa raMonteux, sokunge zvakadaro, mimhanzi yezana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe kumimhanzi yemakumi maviri. Akazvarwa muParis panguva iyo Saint-Saens naFaure, Brahms naBruckner, Tchaikovsky naRimsky-Korsakov, Dvorak naGrieg vakanga vachiri mumaruva akazara. Pazera remakore matanhatu, Monteux akadzidza kuridza violin, makore matatu gare gare akapinda muimba yekuchengetedza, uye makore matatu gare gare akaita dhipatimendi rake semutungamiri. Pakutanga, muimbi wechidiki aiva muperekedzi weParisian orchestras, achiridza violin uye viola mumakamuri ensembles. (Zvinoda kuziva kuti makore mazhinji gare gare zvakaitika netsaona kutsiva mutambi wetsiva anorwara mukonzati yeBudapest Quartet, uye akatamba chikamu chake pasina kudzokorora kamwe.)
Kekutanga, Monteux mutungamiriri akakwevera ngwariro kwaari muna 1911, paakaita zvine hungwaru konzati yemabasa naBerlioz muParis. Izvi zvakateverwa nekutanga kwe "Petrushka" uye kutenderera kwakatsaurirwa kune vanyori vemazuva ano. Nokudaro, nzira mbiri huru dzeunyanzvi hwake dzakasarudzwa pakarepo. SemuFrench chaiye, aivewo nenyasha uye nerunako rwakapfava pachikuva, kutaura kwake kwemumhanzi kwainyanya kuswedera pedyo naye, uye mukuita kwemimhanzi yevamwe vake akawana kukwana kunoshamisa. Mumwe mutsetse mimhanzi yemazuva ano, iyo yaakasimudzirawo hupenyu hwake hwese. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwehuchenjeri hwake hwepamusoro, kuravira kwakanaka uye hunyanzvi hwakanatswa, Monteux akadudzira zvakakwana mimhanzi yemhando dzakasiyana dzenyika. Bach naHaydn, Beethoven naSchubert, vanyori vekuRussia vakatora nzvimbo yakasimba mune yake repertoire…
Kusiyana-siyana kwetarenda remuimbi kwakamuunza kunyanya kubudirira munguva pakati pehondo mbiri dzenyika, paakatungamirira mapoka akawanda emimhanzi. Saka, kubva muna 1911, Monteux aiva mutungamiriri mukuru weboka "Russian Ballet S. Diaghilev", kwenguva yakareba akatungamirira Boston neSan Francisco orchestras muU.SA, Concertgebouw orchestras muAmsterdam uye Philharmonic muLondon. Makore ese aya, muimbi akafamba asinganeti kutenderera pasirese, achitamba pamatanho emakonzati uye mudzimba dzeopera. Akaenderera mberi nebasa rake rekonzati muma1950 nema1960, atova murume akwegura. Sekare, vaimbi vepamusoro vaiona serukudzo kuita pasi pekuraira kwake, kunyanya sezvo muimbi anoyevedza aidiwa pasi rose nenhengo dzeorchestra. Kaviri Monteux akaita muUSSR - muna 1931 neSoviet ensembles, uye muna 1956 neBoston Orchestra.
Monteux akashamiswa kwete chete nekusimba kwebasa rake, asiwo nekuzvipira kwake kunoshamisa kune unyanzvi. Kwezvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvezana remakore raakapedza ari pachikuva, haana kudzima kudzokorora kumwe chete, kana koniti imwe chete. Pakati pe-50s, muiti wacho akanga ari mutsaona yemotokari. Vanachiremba vakaona mavanga akakomba uye akatyoka mbabvu ina, vakaedza kumurarisa. Asi kondakita akarayira kuti apfekedzwe corset, uye manheru iwayo akaita imwe konzati. Monteux aive azere nesimba rekugadzira kusvika pamazuva ake ekupedzisira. Akafira muguta Hancock (USA), kwaaitungamirira gore negore chikoro chezhizha chevadzidzisi.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
