Pietro Mascagni |

Pietro Mascagni

Maskany. "Rural kukudzwa". Intermezzo (conductor - T. Serafin)

Hazvina maturo kufunga kuti kubudirira kukuru, kunoshamisa kwejaya iri mhedzisiro yekushambadzira kwakangwara ... Mascagni, zviri pachena, haasi munhu ane tarenda chete, asiwo akangwara kwazvo. Akaziva kuti panguva ino mweya wezvokwadi, kusanganiswa kweunyanzvi nechokwadi chehupenyu, huri kwese kwese, kuti munhu ane zvishuvo zvake uye kusuwa anonzwisisika uye ari pedyo nesu kupfuura vamwari uye demigods. Nekuchena kwePlasitiki yeItaly uye runako, anoratidza madhirama ehupenyu aanosarudza, uye mhedzisiro ibasa rinenge risingadzivisike tsitsi uye rinokwezva kune veruzhinji. P. Tchaikovsky

P. Mascagni akaberekerwa mumhuri yemubiki, mudiwa mukuru wemimhanzi. Vachiona kugona kwemwanakomana wavo mumhanzi, baba, vachichengeta mari shoma, vakahaya mudzidzisi wemwana - baritone Emilio Bianchi, akagadzirira Pietro kuti apinde muMumhanzi Lyceum. Cherubini. Pazera remakore gumi nematatu, semudzidzi wegore rokutanga, Mascagni akanyora Symphony muC minor uye "Ave Maria", iyo yakaitwa nekubudirira kukuru. Ipapo murume wechidiki anokwanisa akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake mukuumbwa paMilan Conservatory naA. Ponchielli, uko G. Puccini akadzidza panguva imwe chete. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory (13), Mascagni akava kondakita uye mutungamiri wemauto operetta, waakaenda nawo kumaguta eItaly, uye akapawo zvidzidzo uye akanyora mimhanzi. Pakazivisa imba yekutsikisa yeSonzogno payakazivisa makwikwi echiito chimwe chete opera, Mascagni akakumbira shamwari yake G. Torgioni-Tozzetti kunyora ribretto yakavakirwa pamutambo unonakidza waG. Verga Rural Honor. Opera yakanga yagadzirira mumwedzi miviri. Zvisinei, asina tariro yekukunda, Mascagni haana kutumira "brainchild" yake kumakwikwi. Izvi zvakaitwa, muchivande kubva kumurume wake, nomudzimai wake. Rural Honor yakapihwa mubairo wekutanga, uye munyori akagamuchira bhezari yepamwedzi kwemakore maviri. Kuitwa kweiyo opera muRome musi waChivabvu 1885, 2 kwaive nekukunda zvekuti munyori akange asina nguva yekusaina zvibvumirano.

Mascagni's Rural Honor yakaratidza kutanga kweverismo, nzira itsva yekushanda. Verism yakashandisa zvakanyanya nzira idzi dzemutauro wehunyanzvi izvo zvakagadzira mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kunoshamisa kutaura, kuvhurika, kushama manzwiro, uye zvakabatsira kumararamiro ehupenyu hwevarombo vemudhorobha nekumaruwa. Kugadzira mamiriro ekudzikama kwemanzwiro, Mascagni kekutanga mumitambo yeopera akashandisa inonzi "aria of the scream" - nerwiyo rwakasunungurwa zvakanyanya kusvika pakuchema, nekushevedzera kwakasimba kwekudaidzwa ne orchestra yechikamu chezwi panzvimbo. magumo … Muna 1891, mutambo wakaitwa paLa Scala, uye G. Verdi anonzi akati: “Iye zvino ndinogona kufa murunyararo – pane mumwe munhu achaenderera mberi neupenyu hwemutambo weItaly.” Mukukudza Mascagni, menduru dzakawanda dzakabudiswa, mambo pachake akapa munyori zita rekuremekedza re "Chevalier of the Crown". Maopera matsva aitarisirwa kubva kuMascagni. Nekudaro, hapana wevane gumi nemana vakatevera akasimuka kusvika padanho re "Rustic Honor". Saka, muLa Scala muna 1895, dambudziko remumhanzi "William Ratcliffe" rakaitwa - mushure memitambo gumi nembiri, akasiya nhanho. Mugore rimwe chete, iyo yekutanga ye lyric opera Silvano yakakundikana. Muna 1901, muMilan, Rome, Turin, Venice, Genoa neVerona, manheru mamwe chete musi waNdira 17, mutambo weOpera "Masks" wakaitika, asi opera, yakashambadzirwa zvakanyanya, kutyisa kwemunyori. akabhombwa manheru iwayo mumaguta ose kamwechete. Kunyangwe kutora chikamu kwaE. Caruso naA. Toscanini hakuna kumuponesa paLa Scala. “Kwakanga kuri,” mukuwirirana nomudetembi wokuItaly A. Negri, “kukundikana kunoshamisa zvikurusa munhau yose yeopera yeItaly.” Maopera akabudirira kwazvo emunyori akaitirwa paLa Scala (Parisina – 1913, Nero – 1935) uye paCostanzi Theatre muRome (Iris – 1898, Little Marat – 1921). Pamusoro pemaopera, Mascagni akanyora operettas ("Mambo muNaples" - 1885, "Hongu!" - 1919), anoshandira symphony orchestra, mimhanzi yemafirimu, uye mabasa ezwi. Muna 1900, Mascagni akauya kuRussia nemakonzati uye hurukuro pamusoro pemamiriro emazuva ano opera uye akagamuchirwa noushamwari.

Hupenyu hwemunyori hwakapera kare pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, asi zita rake rakaramba riine maItalian opera classics ekupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.

M. Dvorkina

Zvinyorwa:

opareta – Rural Honor (Gavalleria rusticana, 1890, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Shamwari Fritz (L'amico Fritz, no eponymous play by E. Erkman and A. Shatrian, 1891, ibid.), Brothers Rantzau (I Rantzau, after play of zita rimwechete naErkman naShatrian, 1892, Pergola Theatre, Florence), William Ratcliff (zvichibva pane dramatic ballad naG. Heine, rakashandurwa naA. Maffei, 1895, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Silvano (1895, ikoko zvakafanana ), Zanetto (zvichibva pamutambo wePasserby naP. Coppe, 1696, Rossini Theatre, Pesaro), Iris (1898, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Masks (Le Maschere, 1901, La Scala Theatre iripowo ", Milan), Amika (Amisa, 1905, Casino Theatre, Monte Carlo), Isabeau (1911, Coliseo Theatre, Buenos Aires), Parisina (1913, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Lark ( Lodoletta, zvichibva pane novel The Wooden Shoes naDe la Rama , 1917, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Little Marat (Il piccolo Marat, 1921, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Nero (zvichibva pamutambo wezita rimwe chete naP. Cossa, 1935, theatre "La Scala", Milan); operetta - Mambo muNaples (Il re a Napoli, 1885, Municipal Theatre, Cremona), Hongu! (Si!, 1919, Quirino Theatre, Rome), Pinotta (1932, Casino Theatre, San Remo); orchestral, mazwi uye symphonic mabasa, mimhanzi yemafirimu, nezvimwe.