Lorin Maazel (Lorin Maazel) |

Lorin Maazel

Kubvira pauduku, aigara muPittsburgh (USA). Basa rehunyanzvi raLorin Maazel rinoshamisa chaizvo. Pamakore makumi matatu atova mutungamiriri ane mukurumbira pasi rose ane repertoire isingagumi, pamakumi matatu neshanu ndiye mukuru weimwe yepamusoro-soro yeEuropean orchestras nemitambo yemitambo, mutori wechikamu anokosha mumitambo mikuru yakafamba pasi rose! Hazvibviri kutumidza mumwe muenzaniso wekutora kwekutanga kwakadaro - shure kwezvose, hazvigoneki kuti kondakita, sekutonga, atove akaumbwa pazera rakanaka. Ndekupi chakavanzika chekubudirira kwakadai kwemuimbi uyu? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, chokutanga tinotendeukira kuhupenyu hwake.

Maazel akaberekerwa muFrance; Ropa reDutch rinoyerera mutsinga dzake, uye kunyange, sezvinotaura kondakita pachake, ropa reIndia ... Zvichida zvingasava zvechokwadi kutaura kuti mimhanzi inoyererawo mutsinga dzake - chero zvakadaro, kubva pauduku mano ake aishamisa.

Mhuri payakatamira kuNew York, Maazel, semukomana ane makore mapfumbamwe, akaitisa - nehunyanzvi - yakakurumbira New York Philharmonic Orchestra panguva yeWorld Fair! Asi haana kufunga kuramba ari mwana akadzidza semi-akadzidza. Zvidzidzo zveviolin zvakakurumidza zvakamupa mukana wekupa makonti uye kunyange, pazera remakore gumi nemashanu, akawana quartet yake. Kugadzira mimhanzi yeChamber kunogadzira kuravira kwakapfava, kunowedzera maonero emunhu; asi Maazel haakwekwe nebasa remunhu ane hunhu. Akava mutambi weviolin nePittsburgh Symphony Orchestra uye, muna 1949, mutyairi wayo.

Saka, pazera remakore makumi maviri, Maazel akanga atova neruzivo rwekuridza orchestra, uye ruzivo rwemabhuku, uye mimhanzi yake. Asi hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti munzira akakwanisa kupedza kudzidza kubva masvomhu uye huzivi madhipatimendi yunivhesiti! Zvichida izvi zvakakanganisa mufananidzo wekusika wemuiti: hunyoro hwake, husingadzivisiki hunosanganiswa nehuchenjeri hwehuzivi hwekududzira uye kuwirirana kwemasvomhu yepfungwa.

MumaXNUMX, chiitiko chehunyanzvi chaMaazel chakatanga, chisina kukanganiswa uye chinoramba chichiwedzera kusimba. Pakutanga, akafamba muAmerica yose, ndokubva atanga kuuya kuEurope kakawanda uye kakawanda, kuti atore mumitambo mikuru - Salzburg, Bayreuth nevamwe. Nenguva isipi, kushamiswa kwekutanga kwetarenda remuimbi kwakashanduka kuve kuzivikanwa: anogara achikokwa kuti aite maokestra akanakisa uye theatre muEurope - Vienna Symphonies, La Scala, uko mitambo yekutanga pasi pekutungamirwa kwake inoitwa nekukunda chaiko.

Muna 1963 Maazel akauya kuMoscow. Koniti yekutanga yemukomana wechidiki, asingazivikanwe kondakita yakaitwa muhoro isina chinhu. Matikiti emakonzati mana akatevera akatengeswa pakarepo. Unyanzvi hunokurudzira hwomuitisi, kukwanisa kwake kusandura pakuita mimhanzi yezvitaera zvakasiyana-siyana uye eras, yakaratidzwa muunyanzvi hwakadai seSchubert's Unfinished Symphony, Mahler's Second Symphony, Scriabin's Poem of Ecstasy, Prokofiev's Romeo naJuliet, yakafadza vateereri. K. Kondrashin akanyora kuti: “Chinhu chacho hachisi kunaka kwekufamba kwemuitisi, asi idi rokuti muteereri, nokuda kwe“kuiswa magetsi” kwaMaazel, achimuona, anobatanidzwawo mubasa rokusika, achishingaira kupinda munyika. yemifananidzo yemimhanzi iri kuridzwa.” Vatsoropodzi veMoscow vakacherechedza "kubatana kwakakwana kwemuitisi neimba", "kudzika kwekunzwisisa kwemuitisi wechinangwa chemunyori", "kuzara kwekuita kwake nesimba uye hupfumi hwemanzwiro, symphony yekufunga". "Inokanganisa zvisingadzivisiki chitarisiko chemuitisi, achiroya nekunamata kwake mumhanzi uye nerunako rweunyanzvi," pepanhau rinonzi Sovetskaya Kultura rakanyora. "Zvakaoma kuwana chero chinhu chinonyatso tsanangura kupfuura maoko aLorin Maazel: iyi iratidziro isina kujairika yemifananidzo yekurira kana kuti ichangorira mimhanzi". Kushanya kwaMaazel kwakazotevera muUSSR kwakawedzera kusimbisa kuzivikanwa kwake munyika yedu.

Nguva pfupi asvika kuUSSR, Maazel akatungamira mapoka makuru emimhanzi kekutanga muhupenyu hwake - akave mutungamiriri wehunyanzvi weWest Berlin City Opera uye West Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra. Nekudaro, basa rakasimba harimutadzise kuenderera mberi nekushanya kwakawanda, kutora chikamu mumitambo yakawanda, uye kurekodha pamarekodhi. Saka, mumakore achangopfuura akarekodha pamarekodhi ese esymphonies eTchaikovsky neVienna Symphony Orchestra, mazhinji anoshanda naJ. , Rimsky-Korsakov's Spanish Capriccio, Respighi's Pines of Rome, nhetembo zhinji dzaR. Strauss's symphonic, dzinoshanda naMussorgsky, Ravel, Debussy, Stravinsky, Britten, Prokofiev… Haukwanise kuanyora ese. Pasina kubudirira, Maazel akaitawo semutungamiriri paimba yeopera - muRome akaridza Tchaikovsky's opera Eugene Onegin, iyo yaakaitisawo.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969