Timbre |

French timbre, english timbre, German Klangfarbe

Sound coloring; chimwe chezviratidzo zveruzha rwemimhanzi (pamwe nenzwi, ruzha uye nguva), iyo inosiyaniswa nekurira kwehurefu hwakafanana, asi inoitwa pazviridzwa zvakasiyana, nemanzwi akasiyana kana pachiridzwa chimwe, asi nenzira dzakasiyana, shamhu. Iyo timbre inotarirwa nechinhu chinobva kune inonzwika sosi - vibrator yechiridzwa chemimhanzi, uye chimiro chayo (tambo, tsvimbo, marekodhi, nezvimwewo), pamwe neresonator (piano decks, violin, mabhero ehwamanda, etc.); iyo timbre inopesvedzerwa neacoustics yekamuri - iyo frequency maitiro ekutora, kuratidzira nzvimbo, reverberation, etc. T. inoratidzirwa nenhamba ye overtones mukuumbwa kwezwi, chiyero chavo mukukwirira, vhoriyamu, ruzha overtones, nguva yekutanga yekuitika kwekurira - kurwisa (yakapinza, yakapfava, yakapfava), mafomati - nzvimbo dzekuwedzera chidimbu toni mune inonzwika spectrum, vibrato, uye zvimwe zvinhu. T. inoenderanawo nehuwandu hwezwi rezwi, pane register - yakakwirira kana yakaderera, pazviridzwa pakati pemanzwi. Muteereri anoratidza T. Ch. arr. nerubatsiro rwezvibatanidza zvinomiririra - inoenzanisa iyi inonzwika yemhando nekuona kwayo, tactile, gustatory, nezvimwe zvinoonekwa zvekuora. zvinhu, zviitiko uye kuwirirana kwavo (kurira kunopenya, kupenya, kusviba, kusviba, kudziya, kutonhora, kudzika, kuzere, kupinza, kupfava, kuzere, muto, simbi, girazi, etc.); tsananguro dzekunzwa (dzakanzwika, matsi) dzinoshandiswa zvishoma. T. inokanganisa zvakanyanya kurira kweizwi. tsananguro yenzwi (registeri yakaderera inonzwika nenhamba diki ye overtones maererano nenzwi rinowanzoonekwa risinganzwisisike), kugona kwekurira kupararira mukamuri (pesvedzero yemafomati), kunzwisisika kwemavhawero nemakonzonendi mukuita kwezwi.

Evidence-based typology T. mus. manzwi haasati abuda. Zvakatarwa kuti kunzwa kwetimbre kune hunhu hwenzvimbo, kureva, nekuona kwemanzwi nezwi rakafanana, semuenzaniso. Inzwi reviolin rinoenderana neboka rose remanzwi anosiyana zvishoma mukuumbwa (ona Zone). T. inzira inokosha yemimhanzi. kutaura. Nekubatsirwa kwaT., chimwe kana chimwe chikamu chemumusi chinogona kusiyaniswa. kwese - rwiyo, bass, chord, kupa chikamu ichi chimiro, chirevo chakakosha chekushanda pamwe chete, kupatsanura mitsara kana zvikamu kubva kune mumwe nemumwe - kusimbisa kana kunetesa misiyano, kusimbisa kufanana kana misiyano mukuita kuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa; Vanyori vanoshandisa misanganiswa ye toni (timbre kuwirirana), kuchinja, kufamba, uye kukura kwenzwi (timbre dramaturgy). Kutsvaga kwematoni matsva uye musanganiswa wavo (mu orchestra, orchestra) inoenderera mberi, zviridzwa zvemagetsi zviri kugadzirwa, pamwe nemasikisi enzwi anoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana toni nyowani. Sonoristics yave nhungamiro yakakosha mukushandiswa kwematoni.

Chiitiko chechiyero chechisikigo seimwe ye physico-acoustic. nheyo T. yakanga ine pesvedzero yakasimba pakuvandudzwa kwekunzwanana senzira yenziyo. kutaura; uyewo, muzana remakore rechi20. kune maitiro anocherechedzwa nenzira yekubatana kwekusimudzira rutivi rwetimbre rweruzha (zvakasiyana-siyana kufanana, semuenzaniso, makuru matatu, zvidimbu zvemavara, masumbu, kuenzanisa ruzha rwemabhero, nezvimwewo). Dzidziso yemimhanzi kuitira kutsanangura huwandu hwezvinhu zvesangano remuses. mutauro wakadzokororwa kuT. NaT. neimwe nzira, kutsvaga kwemuses kwakabatana. tunings (Pythagoras, D. Tsarlino, A. Werkmeister nevamwe), tsananguro dze modal-harmonic uye modal-functional systems yemimhanzi (JF Rameau, X. Riemann, F. Gevart, GL Catoire, P. Hindemith nevamwe .vatsvakurudzi . )

References: Garbuzov HA, Natural overtones uye yavo harmonic zvinoreva, mu: Kuunganidzwa kwemabasa ekomisheni pamimhanzi acoustics. Proceedings of the HYMN, vol. 1, Moscow, 1925; yake pachake, Zone nature of timbre hearing, M., 1956; Teplov BM, Psychology yekugona kwemimhanzi, M.-L., 1947, mubhuku rake: Matambudziko ekusiyana kwega. (Mabhuku akasarudzwa), M., 1961; Mimhanzi acoustics, gen. ed. Yakarongedzwa naNA Garbuzova. Moscow, 1954. Agarkov OM, Vibrato senzira yekutaura kwemimhanzi mukuridza violin, M., 1956; Nazaikinsky E., Pars Yu., Maonero emitambo yemimhanzi uye zvinoreva mumwe nomumwe harmonics yezwi, mubhuku: Kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekutsvagisa acoustic mumusicology, M., 1964; Pargs Yu., Vibrato uye pitch perception, mubhuku: Kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekutsvagisa acoustic mumimhanziology, M., 1964; Sherman NS, Kuumbwa kweuniform temperament system, M., 1964; Mazel LA, Zuckerman VA, Ongororo yemabasa emimhanzi, (chikamu 1), Zvinhu zvemimhanzi uye nzira dzekuongorora mafomu madiki, M, 1967, Volodin A., Basa reiyo harmonic spectrum mukuona kwenzwi uye timbre yekurira, mubhuku .: Mimhanzi art nesayenzi, chinyorwa 1, M., 1970; Rudakov E., Pazvinyorwa zvezwi rekuimba uye shanduko kuenda kune yakavharwa manzwi, ibid.; Nazaikinsky EV, Papfungwa yekuona kwemimhanzi, M., 1972, Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen, Braunschweig, 1863, Hildesheim, 1968 dzidziso yemimhanzi, St. Petersburg, 1875).

Yu. N. Rags