Chii chinonzi Lyre uye maitiro ekuridza chiridzwa chemimhanzi?

Pasinei nokuti mbira ndeimwe yezviridzwa zvekare kare, vaimbi vakawanda vanofarira mubvunzo wekuti vangadzidza sei kuiridza. Usati wadzidziswa muhunyanzvi hwekare, iwe unofanirwa kudzidza nezve maficha embira, pamwe nekufunga zvakadzama marudzi ayo makuru uye mamwe kurudziro maererano nemaitiro ekuita.

Chiridzwa chemimhanzi lira ndechemhando dzakadzurwa dzine tambo, chimiro chayo chine tambo 7 dzakasiyana. Nhamba yezvikamu zvetambo ndiyo nhamba yemapuraneti anofananidzira chikamu che harmonic cheUniverse. Iyo mbira yaishandiswa zvakanyanya muGirisi yekare.

Kubva pane zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, mbira inoratidzika sehombe huru, iyo tambo dzine urefu hwakafanana dzakatambanudzwa. Midziyo yetambo yaigadzirwa neflakisi, hemp, kana ura hwemhuka. Aya maumbirwo akaitwa akabatanidzwa kumutumbi mukuru uye tsvimbo inokosha.

Kubva pamashoko ezvakaitika kare uye maonero emasayendisiti akawanda, mbira yakaonekwa muGreece yekare. Iyo ethnos pachayo yakaumbwa munguva yechinyakare kudzikamisa, kunyaradza uye kuzorodza vamwari. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, chiridzwa chemimhanzi chakatanga kushandiswa sechiratidzo chikuru cheunyanzvi, icho chinoonekwawo munyika yanhasi.

Mukuwedzera kumativi akasiana pamusoro pemagadzirirwo nechiratidzo chokufananidzira, vaGiriki vaiimba nziyo dzinoshamisa kumbira ndokurava magwaro enhetembo akasiyana-siyana. Nekuda kweizvi, chiridzwa chakava hwaro hwekusikwa kwemhando yenhetembo yakadai semazwi. Kwenguva yekutanga izwi rokuti Lyra rinowanikwa mudetembi wekare wechiGiriki Archilochus.

Iyo peculiarity yembira chiyero che diatonic, icho chinoratidzwa nezwi rezwi remaoctave maviri. Nekuda kweiyo pfuma, ruzha rwechigadzirwa rwakati rangariro yebhegi, kunyanya zvine chekuita nemavhiri akasiyana. Ruzha rweiyo mbira yepakutanga inonakidza, ine simba, ine ruzha uye yakajeka kubereka, iyo inowedzerwa nekushomeka kudiki uye nasality. Kuti uderedze ichi chivakwa, zvimwe zviridzwa zvakashongedzerwa netambo zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neshinda yeshinda kana yerineni.

Hunhu hunonzwika hunovimbiswa nehunyanzvi hwekuita uye magadzirirwo echikamu chemuviri. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinokwanisika kudhirowa zvinyorwa zvega uchishandisa mamwe makiyi ari kurudyi kana kuruboshwe. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti ruzha runogona kuburitswa uchishandisa hunyanzvi hunyanzvi. Nzira dzinonyanya kufarirwa dzekuburitsa ruzha kudzura tambo dzega dzega uye kushandisa kunhonga zvigunwe, kana mumhanzi uchiridzwa neruoko rwerudyi, uye chero manzwi asingakodzeri mukunyorwa uku anonyaradzwa neruboshwe.

Mhuri yembira inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hukuru hwemhando dzakasiyana uye saizi, iyo inosiyana mumhando yekugadzira uye kurira kwemhando. Kureruka kwekushandisa uye kugona kuita izvi kana kuti kuumbwa kunoenderana nekuti zvakasarudzwa zvakadii.

• Pamusoro pemhando huru dzakanyorwa pazasi (kuumba, cithara uye helis), chigadzirwa chinonzi da braccio chinonyanya kufarirwa. Ichi chiridzwa chemumhanzi chinotiyeuchidza nezve classical bowed violin, kunze kwehukuru hwakakura uye pasi pakafara. Uye zvakare da braccio inoshongedzerwa nebourdon tambo muhuwandu hwe7 pcs.
• Helis. Iyi ndeimwe yemhando dzechinyakare dzechiridzwa, iwo maficha ari compact dimensions uye yakareruka muviri. Inonyanya kufarirwa nevakadzi. Iyo helix inotambwa uchishandisa plectron, ndiro yakasarudzika yakagadzirwa nematanda, nyanga dzenzou kana goridhe chairo. Chinhu chakasiyana cherudzi urwu zvakare kuvepo kweresonator.
• Kuumba. Forminga chiridzwa chekare chemumhanzi kubva kuGreece yekare, iyo yakasarudzika kuvepo kwebhandeji. Nekubatsirwa kwekupfekedza kwakadaro, chigadzirwa chinobatwa pafudzi - kutamba pamabvi munyaya iyi haisi kupiwa. Chimiro chehunhu ndiko kugona kuburitsa zviri nyore, zvakapfupika uye zvakakwirira manotsi. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwe sonority, kutaridzika uye kwakasiyana-siyana kwekurira, kuumbwa kwacho kwakanakira epic chimiro cherwiyo.
• Kifara. Chiridzwa chemimhanzi chinoratidzwa nemuviri unorema uye wakapfava. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvainyanya kutamba nevarume, izvo zvinotsanangurwa nemutoro mukuru wemuviri pamuviri. Chinhu chakakosha zvakaenzana checithara kuvepo kwetambo gumi nembiri pachinzvimbo che12 dzechinyakare. Nziyo dzenziyo uye manotsi ega ega zvairidzwa pachishandiswa bhonzo plectrum, iyo yakabatanidzwa nemuviri.

Akanyanya kufarirwa marudzi ezviridzwa zvemimhanzi anogona kuridzwa akamira uye akagara. Kana iyo yakagadzirwa ichiridzwa payakamira, mbira inoturikwa pamuviri uchishandisa ganda rakakosha kana tambo yejira, iyo yakanamirwa kumuviri wechigadzirwa, nepo mutsipa unotungamirwa zvishoma kudivi. Kana mutambo uchiitwa wakagara, mbira inogadziriswa nemabvi. Sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, zviri nani kubata chishandiso chakatwasuka kana nediki diki kubva mumuviri - ingangoita 40-45 °. Nekudaro, zvinoita kuti uwane iyo yakanyanya yunifomu uye yakadudzwa ruzha. Nerumwe ruoko, muimbi anoita chikamu chacho, nepo nerumwe wacho anovhara tambo dzisiri madikanwa dzinogona kubatwa netsaona pakuita rwiyo rwakati.

Sezvo kuridza chiridzwa ichi hakuna kunyanya kuoma, unogona kudzidza tekiniki uri wega, uchishandisa tutoriki kana mabhuku akasarudzika. Pamusoro pezvo, parizvino kune zvikoro zvishoma zvemimhanzi zvinodzidzisa kuridza mbira. Pamusoro peiyo tekinoroji pachayo, mushandisi anofanira kuziva nzira yekunyatso gadzira tambo chigadzirwa. Nokuda kweizvi, nhanho-nhanho shanu inowanzoshandiswa, nerubatsiro rwekuti tambo dzega dzega dzakagadziriswa. Pasinei nemafungiro akasimbiswa, kutamba pamarudzi ose embira kunoitwa uchishandisa nzira imwe chete - kushandura zvigunwe uye kutsigira tambo.

Kana iwe usingateveri kurudziro pamusoro pechinzvimbo chechiridzwa, muimbi achawana mhedzisiro isingafadzi sekubuda kwemakiyi ega. Iyi poindi inotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti tambo zvikamu zvinogona kushandura toni yavo uye ruzha rwemhando pasi pehuremu hwechigadzirwa pachayo.

Zvinokosha kuziva, asi mbira ndechimwe chezviridzwa zvishoma zvairatidzwa pamari dzekare. Chokwadi ichi chinosimbiswa nezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvenhoroondo, kuchera uye zvinyorwa kubva mumabhuku ekare zvichiripo nanhasi.Haasi munhu wese anoziva kuti lira parizvino iri kushandiswa sechiridzwa chevanhu kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAfrica. Chigadzirwa chekare chakachengetedzwa mune zvakanaka nhasi imbira, 2.5 zviuru zvemakore. Yakawanikwa muna 2010 mune yava kunzi Scotland. Kana iri iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa kutaurwa kune chiridzwa, inhetembo yekare kubva kuEngland inonzi Beowulf. Maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, rugwaro urwu rwakanyorwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechi7. Chimiro chakasiyana cheiyo epic ivhoriyamu ye3180 mitsetse.

Nekuda kwekuzivikanwa kwayo kukuru pakati pevanhu vakasiyana, lira ndiyo tsananguro ye kwete chete chiridzwa chemimhanzi, asiwo hunhu hukuru hwevadetembi vazhinji. Uye zvakare chigadzirwa ichi chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune akawanda zviratidzo zve orchestra uye semari yeItaly unit. Nyeredzi inopenya muNorthern Hemisphere uye shiri yakakurumbira yeAustralia yakanzi chiridzwa chine tambo. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti muzana remakore rechi17 mbira yaiva chiridzwa chevanhu munharaunda yeBelarus yemazuva ano neUkraine. Kusiyana neshanduro yepakutanga, chigadzirwa ichi chaiva nemuviri wakareba uye wakakora, pamwe chete nezita rakakurumbira rokuti "snout". Kusiyana nezvinofungwa nevakawanda, mbira yairidzwawo nevakadzi. Kusiyana necithara, chiridzwa chepakutanga chakanga chisingaremi, uye naizvozvo chaisada simba guru remuviri.