Hondo yendarira bhendi: kukunda kwekubatana uye simba

Kwemazana emakore akawanda, mauto endarira mabhendi akagadzira mhepo yakakosha pamhemberero, mhemberero dzekukosha kwenyika uye zvimwe zviitiko zvakawanda. Mimhanzi inoimbwa neboka rakadaro inogona kudhakisa munhu wose nemhemberero yayo inokosha.

Boka rendarira bhendi irwiyo rwenguva dzose rwechikwata chemauto, boka revatambi vanoridza zviridzwa zvemhepo nezviridzwa. The orchestra's repertoire inosanganisira, hongu, mimhanzi yemauto, asi kwete chete: kana ichiitwa neyakagadzirwa kudaro, lyrical waltzes, nziyo, uye kunyange jazz inonzwika zvikuru! Iyi orchestra haiiti chete pamaforamu, mhemberero, tsika dzechiuto, uye panguva yekudzidziswa kwemauto, asiwo pamakonzati uye kazhinji mumamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi (somuenzaniso, mupaki).

Kubva munhoroondo yemauto endarira bhendi

Mabhendi ekutanga ehondo endarira akaumbwa munguva yepakati. MuRussia, mimhanzi yemauto inotora nzvimbo inokosha. Nhoroondo yaro yakapfuma inodzokera ku1547, apo, nekuraira kwaTsar Ivan the Terrible, dare rekutanga remauto endarira bhendi rakaonekwa muRussia.

MuEurope, mabhendi endarira ehondo akasvika pakakwirira pasi peNapoleon, asi kunyange Bonaparte pachake akabvuma kuti akanga ane vavengi vaviri veRussia - frosts uye mimhanzi yeuto reRussia. Aya mazwi anoratidza zvakare kuti mimhanzi yemauto eRussia chiitiko chakasiyana.

Peter Ndaida chaizvo zviridzwa zvinofuridza. Akarayira vadzidzisi vakanakisisa kubva kuGermany kuti vadzidzise masoja kuridza zviridzwa.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi70, Russia yakanga yatova nenhamba yakawanda yemauto endarira, uye pasi pekutonga kweSoviet vakatanga kukura zvakanyanya. Ivo vainyanya kufarirwa mumaXNUMXs. Panguva ino, repertoire yakawedzera zvinooneka, uye akawanda emethodical mabhuku akabudiswa.

Repertoire

Mauto endarira mabhendi ezana ramakore re18 akatambura nekusakwana kwemimhanzi. Sezvo panguva iyoyo vanyori vakanga vasina kunyora mimhanzi yemhepo ensembles, vaifanira kuita zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvesymphonic.

Muzana remakore re1909, mimhanzi yezvikwata zvendarira yakanyorwa naG. Berlioz, A. Schoenberg, A. Roussel nevamwe vanyori. Uye muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, vanyori vazhinji vakatanga kunyora mimhanzi yemhepo ensembles. Muna XNUMX, muimbi wechiRungu Gustav Holst akanyora basa rekutanga akananga bhendi rehondo rendarira.

Kuumbwa kwechikwata chemazuva ano chendarira yehondo

Mauto endarira mabhendi anogona kungove nendarira uye zvinoridzwa zviridzwa (zvino zvinonzi homogeneous), asi zvinogona zvakare kusanganisira mhepo dzehuni (zvino dzinonzi dzakasanganiswa). Iyo yekutanga vhezheni yekuumbwa ikozvino yakanyanya kushomeka; shanduro yechipiri yekuumbwa kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi yakawanda zvikuru.

Kazhinji kune marudzi matatu emhando yendarira yakasanganiswa: diki, yepakati uye yakakura. Okhestra duku ine vaimbi 20, nepo avhareji iri 30, uye orchestra huru ine 42 kana kuti kupfuura.

Zviridzwa zve Woodwind mu orchestra zvinosanganisira nyere, oboes (kunze kwe alto), ese marudzi e clarinets, saxophones uye bassoon.

Zvakare, iyo yakakosha kuravira kweiyo orchestra inogadzirwa nemidziyo yendarira yakadai sehwamanda, tubas, nyanga, trombones, altos, tenor hwamanda uye baritones. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti altos uye tenors (zvakasiyana-siyana zvesaxhorns), pamwe chete nebaritones (zvakasiyana-siyana zve tuba) zvinowanikwa chete mumabhandi endarira, kureva kuti, zviridzwa izvi hazvishandiswi mumitambo ye symphony.

Hapana bhendi rehondo rendarira rinogona kuita pasina zviridzwa zvakadai sengoma diki nehombe, timpani, makandira, katatu, tambureni nengoma.

Kutungamira chikwata chemauto kukudzwa kwakakosha

Okhestra yemauto, seimwe ipi neipi, inodzorwa nekondakita. Ndinoda kukwevera pfungwa kune chokwadi chokuti nzvimbo yemuitisi maererano nenhengo dze orchestra inogona kusiyana. Semuenzaniso, kana chiitiko chikaitika mupaki, ipapo mutungamiri anotora nzvimbo yechinyakare - akatarisana ne orchestra uye nemusana wake kune vateereri. Asi kana orchestra ikaita paparadhi, ipapo kondakita anofamba pamberi penhengo dze orchestra uye akabata mumaoko ake hunhu hunodiwa kune wese mutyairi wemauto - danda rengoma. Kondakita anotungamira vaimbi muparadhi anonzi ngoma huru.