Igor Borisovich Markevich |

Igor Markevitch

French conductor uye munyori weRussia mavambo. "Hazvibviri kutamba zviri nani kupfuura zvakanyorwa nemunyori" - iyi ndiyo motto yaIgor Markevich, mutungamiri uye mudzidzisi, avo vanonyatsoziva vaimbi veSoviet uye vanoda mimhanzi. Izvi zvakapa uye zvinoramba zvichipa vamwe vateereri chikonzero chekunyomba Markevich nekuda kwekusanyatsodudzwa kwake, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekutanga pachikuva, nekuda kwekunyanyisa. Asi kune rumwe rutivi, zvakawanda muunyanzvi hwake zvinoratidza maitiro eunhu mukukudziridzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita hwemazuva ano. Ikoku kwakacherechedzwa nenzira yakarurama naG. Neuhaus, uyo akanyora, kuti: “Kunoratidzika kwandiri kuti iye ndoworudzi irworwo rwomuitisi wazvino uno uyo basa navaimbi varo, ndiko kuti, mitezo yevaimbi ne<em>orchestra, vanokosha zvikuru kupfuura iye amene. iye zvikurukuru muranda wounyanzvi, uye kwete mutongi, mudzvinyiriri. Maitiro aya ndeechimanjemanje. Iyo nguva iyo titans ehunyanzvi hwemuitisi wenguva yakapfuura, kubva pakuona kwekujekeserwa academism ("munhu anofanirwa kutanga aita nemazvo"), dzimwe nguva aizvibvumira rusununguko - ivo vakangoerekana vaisa pasi muimbi kune yavo yekugadzira - nguva iyoyo. aenda ... Saka, ndinoisa Markevich pakati pevatambi vasingatsvage kushamisira, asi vanozviona se "vekutanga pakati pevakaenzana" muorchestra. Kumbundira pamweya vanhu vazhinji - uye Markevich zvechokwadi anoziva hunyanzvi uhu - hunogara humbowo hwetsika huru, tarenda uye njere.

Kakawanda mumakore ekuma60s, muimbi aiitwa muUSSR, achigara achititendesa nezvekusiyana-siyana uye hukuru hweunyanzvi hwake. "Markevich inyanzvi inosiyana-siyana. Takateerera kunopfuura purogiramu yekonzati imwe chete yakaitwa naye, uye zvakadaro zvaizova zvakaoma kunyatsoona kunzwira tsitsi kwemuitisi wekugadzira. Zvechokwadi: inguva ipi, iyo maitiro ari pedyo nemuimbi? Viennese classics kana romantics, French impressionists kana mimhanzi yemazuva ano? Kupindura mibvunzo iyi hakusi nyore. Akazviratidza pamberi pedu semumwe wevaturikiri vakanaka veBeethoven kwemakore akawanda, akasiya fungidziro isingadzimiki nedudziro yake yeBrahms 'Fourth Symphony, izere neshungu uye njodzi. Uye kududzirwa kwake kweStravinsky's The Rite of Spring kuchakanganwika here, apo zvinhu zvose zvaiita sezvakazadzwa nejusi dzinopa upenyu dzezvisikwa zvinomutsa, apo simba rekutanga uye mhirizhonga yemitambo yechihedheni yakaonekwa mukunaka kwavo kwose? Nerimwe izwi, Markevich ndiye muimbi asingawanzo anosvika pane chimwe nechimwe senge chaanofarira chinyorwa, anoisa mweya wake wese, tarenda rake rose mairi. " Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mutsoropodzi V. Timokhin akarondedzera mufananidzo waMarkevich.

Markevich akaberekerwa muKyiv mumhuri yeRussia yakabatana zvakanyanya nemimhanzi kwezvizvarwa. Madzitateguru ake aiva shamwari dzaGlinka, uye munyori mukuru akamboshanda panzvimbo yavo pachiitiko chechipiri chaIvan Susanin. Sezvingatarisirwa, gare gare, pashure pokunge mhuri yatamira Paris muna 1914, uye kubva ikoko kuenda Switzerland, ramangwana muimbi akakurira mumweya wokuyemura tsika yokumusha kwake.

Makore mashomanene gare gare, baba vake vakafa, uye mhuri yakanga iri mumugariro wemari wakaoma. Amai vakanga vasina mukana wokupa mwanakomana wavo, uyo akaratidza tarenda kare, dzidzo yemimhanzi. Asi mutambi wepiyano anoshamisa Alfred Cortot akanzwa netsaona imwe yenziyo dzake dzekutanga uye akabatsira amai vake kutumira Igor kuParis, kwaakazova mudzidzisi wake wepiyano. Markevich akadzidza kuumbwa naNadia Boulanger. Ipapo akakwezva kutarisisa kwaDiaghilev, uyo akamutuma akati wandei mabasa, kusanganisira konsati yepiyano, yakaitwa muna 1929.

Muna 1933 chete, atora zvidzidzo zvakawanda kubva kuna Herman Scherchen, Markevich akazopedzisira asarudza kudana kwake semutungamiri pazano rake: zvisati zvaitika, akanga aita mabasa ake chete. Kubva ipapo, agara achiimba nemakonzati uye akakurumidza kuenda kune mamwe makondukita makuru pasi rose. Mumakore ehondo, muimbi akasiya basa raaida kuti atore chikamu mukurwisa fascism mumapoka eFrance neItaly Resistance. Munguva yapashure pehondo, basa rake rokusika rinosvika pakakwirira. Anotungamirira maokestra makuru muEngland, Canada, Germany, Switzerland uye kunyanya France, kwaanoshanda nguva dzose.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Markevich akatanga basa rake rekudzidzisa, achiitisa makosi akasiyana siyana uye seminamato yevechidiki conductors; muna 1963 akatungamirira musangano wakafanana muMoscow. Muna 1960, hurumende yeFrance yakapa Markevich, uyo aiva mukuru weLamoureux Concerts orchestra, zita re "Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters". Iye nokudaro akava muimbi wekutanga asiri weFrance kugamuchira uyu mubairo; iyewo, angove mumwe chete wemibairo mizhinji iyo nyanzvi isinganeti yakapihwa.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969