Zurna: chii, chiridzwa kuumbwa, nhoroondo, ruzha, kushandiswa

Mimwe midziyo yemimhanzi yakakurumbira zvokuti munhu wose anoiziva nokunzwa zita racho kana kuti ruzha. Uye zvimwe zvinonzwika zvakanyanya, asi zvinoramba zvichizivikanwa zvishoma.

Chii chinonzi zurna

Zurna chiridzwa chemhepo chakauya kwatiri kubva kuMabvazuva. Zita rokuti "zurna" rakafanana munyika dzakawanda, asi rinogona kusiyana. Semuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dzinoidaidza kuti "surnay". Kana tichitaura nezvekushandura, saka zita chairo rinonzwika se "nyere yezororo". Inoratidzika sechubhu yehuni ine maburi, imwe yacho iri kune rumwe rutivi rweimwe. Inotaridzika kunge oboe uye inoonekwa seimwe yeshanduro dzepakutanga dzechiridzwa chemimhanzi chakakurumbira.

Munyika umo zurna inoshandiswa, inogadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Chimiro uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwayo zvakasiyana: matanda akaoma anoshandiswa kugadzira zurna. Nhasi yakakurumbira munyika dzakadai seGeorgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, uyewo muCaucasus, India neBalkan.

Zurna inonzwika sei?

Rudzi rwechiridzwa rwakanyanya kudiki: inosvika kune imwe nehafu octaves. Asi izvi zvinodzikiswa neruzha rwakasiyana, rwakapfuma uye runobaya.

Kusiyana neoboe, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti ihama, shanduro yepakutanga yechiridzwa haigoni kuiswa mumutsara wezviridzwa zve orchestral nekuda kwediki diki uye kushayikwa kwechiyero chakazara. Iyo zurna chiteshi ine chimiro checonical: izvi zvinoisiyanisa kubva kune zvimwe zviridzwa zvemhepo zvakakurumbira pakati pevanhu. Chimiro chechiteshi chine zvakanangana nenzwi: yakasimba, yakajeka uye dzimwe nguva yakaoma. Asi ruzha runowanzoenderana nemuiti: muimbi akanaka achakwanisa kuridza zurn, achibvisa zvinyoro, melodic uye zvinyoro zvinyoro.

History

Chishandiso chinotsvaga nhoroondo kubva munguva dzekare. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nezviyeuchidzo zvenguva yekare. Kufanana kwayo, kunonzi aulos, kwave kuchizivikanwa kubva kuGirisi yekare. Yakashandiswa mumitambo yemitambo, mauto ehondo uye zvibayiro. Kubva ipapo, mudziyo wakaenda kune dzimwe nyika.

Kwakatangira zurna kwakabatana nePedyo neMiddle East, pamwe neCentral Asia, kubva kwainopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Munzvimbo idzi, zurna chiridzwa chakajairika. Akauya munyika yedu kubva kune dzimwe nyika, asi akawana zita rakagadzirirwa vanhu vechiSlavic - surna. Yakataurwa munhoroondo yeRussia kubvira muzana remakore rechigumi nematatu, asi yakakundikana kuchengetedza mukurumbira wayo. Yakatsiviwa nemidziyo yemimhanzi inonyanya kuzivikanwa nevanhu veRussia uye tsika dzechinyakare.

kushandisa

Zurnachi vaimbi vanoridza nziyo pachiridzwa ichi. Zurna haishandiswe mumaokestra esymphony, asi mimhanzi yake inonzwika zvakanaka panguva yekuitwa kwemitambo yechinyakare nenziyo, mhemberero dzakakomba uye zororo revanhu. Imwe ye zurnachis inoridza mutinhimira, nepo imwe ichiridza kurira kunopindirana neruzha. Mitsindo yakaderera inonzwika kubva kuchiridzwa chemuimbi wechipiri inonziwo bourbon. Muimbi wechitatu anowanzo kutora chikamu mukuimba, uyo anokunda mutinhimira wakaoma usina kujairika nemabhiti.

Ngano yeArmenian inobatanidza ruzha rwe zurna nemidziyo yevatambi vevanhu. Kazhinji inopihwa mashiripiti. Zvakanyanya kuoma kuwana tekinoroji chaiyo kuita pachiridzwa chedzinza: zurnachi dzidza kudhirowa manzwi kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira. Vanofemera mweya nemumhino, vachiburitsa mweya kubva mumiromo yavo: kuti uite rwiyo nemazvo, unofanirwa kudzidza kuita uye kudzidzisa kwenguva yakareba.