Sergei Artemyevich Balasanian |

Sergey Mhinduro

Mimhanzi yemuimbi uyu inogara iri yepakutanga, isina kujairika, inovamba uye, uchiiteerera, unowira pasi pekunaka kusingadzivisiki kwekunaka uye kutsva. A. Khachaturyan

Kusika S. Balasanyan zvakadzama pasi rose mune zvakasikwa. Kuva nemidzi yakasimba mumutauro weArmenian, akadzidza uye pakutanga akabatanidza mumabasa ake ngano yevanhu vakawanda. Balasanyan akaberekerwa muAshgabat. Muna 1935 akapedza kudzidza kubva kudhipatimendi redhiyo renhoroondo uye theoretical fakaroti yeMoscow Conservatory, uko A. Alschwang aiva mutungamiri wayo. Balasanyan akadzidza kuumbwa kwegore mumusangano wekugadzira wakagadzirwa padanho revadzidzi. Pano mudzidzisi wake aiva D. Kabalevsky. Kubva 1936, hupenyu hwaBalasanyan uye basa rekugadzira zvakabatana naDushanbe, kwaanouya pachake kugadzirira gumi riri kuuya remabhuku uye hunyanzvi hweTajikistan muMoscow. Ivhu rebasa raive rakaorera: hwaro hwehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi tsika dzaive dzichangoiswa murepublic, uye Balasanyan ari kuita basa mukuvakwa kwayo semunyori, veruzhinji uye mimhanzi, folklorist uye mudzidzisi. Zvakanga zvakafanira kudzidzisa vaimbi kuverenga mimhanzi, kuisa mukati mavo uye muvateereri vavo tsika yepolyphony uye kudzikamisa tuning. Panguva imwe cheteyo, anodzidza ngano yenyika uye maqom echinyakare kuti azvishandise mubasa rake.

Muna 1937, Balasanyan akanyora mutambo wemimhanzi "Vose" (mutambo waA. Dehoti, M. Tursunzade, G. Abdullo). Aive akatungamira opera yake yekutanga, The Rising of Vose (1939), yakave yekutanga Tajik nyanzvi opera. Chirongwa chayo chakavakirwa pakumukira kwevarimi vachipokana nemadzishe emuno muna 1883-85. pasi pehutungamiriri hwevose vane mukurumbira. Muna 1941, iyo opera The Blacksmith Kova yakaonekwa (yakasununguka naA. Lakhuti yakabva kuna Shahnameh Firdowsi). Muimbi weTajik-muimbi Sh. Bobokalonov akabatanidzwa mukusikwa kwayo, nziyo dzake, pamwe chete nevanhu vechokwadi uye nziyo dzekirasi, dzakabatanidzwa mune opera. "Ndaida kushandisa hupfumi hwemamita-rhythmic zvingangoitika zveTajik folklore zvakanyanya ... Apa ndakaedza kutsvaga nzira yakafararira yekuvhiya..." Balasanyan akanyora. Muna 1941, ma opera The Rebellion of Vose uye The Blacksmith Kova akaitwa muMoscow mukati memakore gumi ezvinyorwa uye hunyanzvi hweTajikistan. Mumakore ehondo, Balasanyan, uyo akava sachigaro wekutanga webhodhi reUnion of Composers yeTajikistan, akaenderera mberi nemunyori wake anoshingaira uye mabasa evanhu. Muna 1942-43. ndiye mutungamiriri wehunyanzvi weimba yeopera muDushanbe. Mukubatana nemunyori weTajik Z. Shahidi Balasanyan anogadzira mutsindo wemimhanzi "Rosia" (1942), pamwe chete nemutambo wemimhanzi "Song of Anger" (1942) - mabasa akazova mhinduro kune zviitiko zvehondo. Muna 1943 munyori wacho akatamira kuMoscow. Akashanda semutevedzeri wasachigaro weAll-Union Radio Committee (1949-54), ipapo (pakutanga pano neapo, uye kubvira 1955 zvachose) akadzidzisa kuMoscow Conservatory. Asi kubatana kwake nemimhanzi yeTajik hakuna kukanganiswa. Munguva iyi, Balasanyan akanyora ballet yake yakakurumbira "Leyli naMajnun" (1947) uye opera "Bakhtior naNisso" (1954) (yakabva mubhuku raP. Luknitsky "Nisso") - yekutanga Tajik opera inobva pane imwe nyaya. pedyo nenguva dzemazuva ano ( vagari vakadzvinyirirwa vomumusha wePamir weSiatang vari kuona zvishoma nezvishoma kuuya kwehupenyu hutsva).

Muballet "Leyli naMajnun" Balasanyan akatendeukira kuIndia vhezheni yeiyo yakakurumbira ngano yekumabvazuva, maererano naiyo Leyli mupristakadzi mutembere (lib. S. Penina). Muchikamu chechipiri che ballet (1956), chiitiko chekuita chinotamirwa kune yekare nyika yeSogdiana, iri panzvimbo yemazuva ano Tajikistan. Muchinyorwa chino, munyori anoshandisa madingindira echivanhu, anoshandisa tsika dzerudzi rweTajik (tulip festival). Mumhanzi dramaturgy ye ballet inobva pane leitmotifs. Vatambi vakuru vanopihwawo navo - Leyli naMajnun, vanogara vachirwira mumwe nemumwe, avo misangano (inoitika muchokwadi kana yekufungidzira) - duet adagios - ndiyo nguva dzinonyanya kukosha mukuvandudza kwechiito. Vakasimuka nenziyo dzavo, kuzara mupfungwa, mitambo yevanhu vakasiyana-siyana - matambiro evasikana nevarume. Muna 1964, Balasanyan akaita shanduro yechitatu ye ballet, umo akaiswa pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre yeU.SR uye Kremlin Palace yeCongresses (zvikamu zvikuru zvakaitwa naN. Bessmertnova naV. Vasiliev).

Muna 1956 Balasanyan akatendeukira kumumhanzi weAfghan. Iyi ndiyo "Afghan Suite" yeorchestra, iyo inosanganisira chikamu chekutamba mukuratidzwa kwayo kwakasiyana, ipapo kune "Afghan Mifananidzo" (1959) - kutenderera kwezvishanu zvidiki zvinopenya mumood.

Iyo inonyanya kukosha nzvimbo yekusika yaBalasanyan yakabatana netsika yeArmenian. Chikumbiro chekutanga kwaari chaive cherudo pamavhesi aV. Terian (1944) uye yemhando yepamusoro yenhetembo yenyika A. Isahakyan (1955). Kubudirira kukuru kwekugadzira kwaive nziyo dze orchestra - "Armenian Rhapsody" yemunhu akajeka konzati (1944) uye kunyanya suite Seven Armenian Nziyo (1955), iyo munyori akatsanangura se "genre-scenes-pictures". Iyo orchestral style yekuumbwa inonakidza inoratidzika, yakafuridzirwa nemifananidzo yehupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye zvisikwa muArmenia. MuNziyo nomwe dzeArmenian, Balasanyan akashandisa nziyo kubva kuKomitas' Ethnographic Collection. “Unhu hunoshamisa hwenziyo idzi kungwarira pakutaura nevanhu vanonyanya kukoshesa,” anonyora kudaro munyori wenziyo Y. Butsko, mudzidzi weBalasanyan. Makore mazhinji gare gare, kuunganidzwa kwaKomitas kwakakurudzira Balasanyan kuita basa rakakosha - kuirongedzera piyano. Aya ndiwo maitiro eNziyo dzeArmenia (1969) dzinoonekwa - zana madiki, akasanganiswa kuita matanhatu manotsi. Muimbi anonyatso kutevedzera kurongeka kwenziyo dzakarekodhwa naKomitas, pasina kushandura inzwi rimwe chete mazviri. Nziyo pfumbamwe dzeKomitas dzemezzo-soprano uye baritone inoperekedzwa neorchestra (100), Zvisere zvisere zvetambo orchestra padingindira reKomitas (6), Zvikamu zvitanhatu zveviolin nepiyano (1956) zvakare zvakabatana nebasa reKomitas. Rimwe zita munhoroondo yetsika yeArmenian rakakwezva kutarisa kwaBalasanyan - ashug Sayat-Nova. Kutanga, anonyora mimhanzi yeredhiyo show "Sayat-Nova" (1971) zvichibva mudetembo raG. Saryan, obva agadzira Matatu magadzirirwo enziyo dzaSayat-Nova dzezwi uye piano (1970). Yechipiri Symphony yeString Orchestra (1956) inobatanidzwawo nemimhanzi yeArmenian, umo zvinyorwa zvekare zveArmenian monodic tunes zvinoshandiswa. Rimwe peji rinokosha rebasa raBalasanyan rakabatana netsika dzeIndia neIndonesia. Anonyora mimhanzi yemadhirama eredhiyo Muti Wemvura (1957) uye Maruva Matsvuku (1974) zvichibva munyaya dzaKrishnan Chandra; kumutambo waN. Guseva "Ramayana" (1955), wakarongwa paCentral Children's Theater; Rudo rushanu pamavhesi namudetembi wekuIndia Suryakant Tripathi Nirano (1956), "Islands of Indonesia" (1960, 1965 exotic landscape-genre pendi), anoronga nziyo ina dzevana veIndonesia naReni Putirai Kaya yezwi nepiyano (1960). Muna 6-1961 munyori anogadzira ballet "Shakuntala" (zvichienderana nemutambo wezita rimwe chete naKalidasa). Balasanyan anodzidza ngano netsika dzeIndia. Nekuda kweizvi, muna 1962 akaita rwendo kuenda kunyika iyi. Mugore rimwe chetero, orchestral Rhapsody pamadingindira naRabindranath Tagore, yakavakirwa panziyo dzechokwadi dzeTagore, uye Nziyo Nhanhatu dzaRabindranath Tagore dzezwi uye orchestra dzakabuda. "Sergey Artemyevich Balasanyan ane hukama hunokosha naTagore," anodaro mudzidzi wake N. Korndorf, "Tagor" munyori "wake, uye izvi zvinoratidzwa kwete chete muzvinyorwa pamusoro pemisoro yemunyori uyu, asiwo mune humwe hukama hwemweya. artists."

Iyo geography yezvido zvekugadzira zveBalasanyan haina kugumira kumabasa akanyorwa. Muimbi wacho akatendeukirawo kungano dzeAfrica (Nziyo ina Dzavanhu dzeAfrica dzezwi nepiyano - 1961), Latin America (Nziyo mbiri dzeLatin America dzezwi nepiyano - 1961), akanyora pachena manzwiro e5 ballads My Land ye baritone nepiyano. kune ndima dzemudetembi weCameroonia Elolonge Epanya Yondo (1962). Kubva kutenderera uku kune nzira inoenda kuSymphony yekwaya cappella kune ndima dzeE. Mezhelaitis naK. Kuliev (1968), 3 zvikamu izvo ("The Bells of Buchenwald", "Lullaby", "Icariad"). yakabatanidzwa nedingindira refungidziro yehuzivi pamagumo emunhu nevanhu.

Pakati penziyo dzichangoburwa dzaBalasanyan pane rwiyo rwechokwadi Sonata rwecello solo (1976), detembo rezviridzwa "Amethyst" (pandima yaE. Mezhelaitis yakavakirwa pavavariro dzaTagore - 1977). (Muna 1971, Balasanyan naMezhelaitis vakafamba pamwe chete kuIndia.) Muchinyorwa cheAmethyst, 2 nyika dzinoita sekubatana - filosofi yeTagore uye nhetembo yeMezhelaitis.

Mumakore achangopfuura, motifs yeArmenian yakabuda zvakare mubasa raBalasanyan - kutenderera kwenyaya ina pfupi dzepiyano mbiri "Across Armenia" (1978), kutenderera kwezwi "Mhoro kwauri, mufaro" (paG. Emin, 1979), "Kubva muMiddle Ages. Armenian nhetembo "(pachiteshi N. Kuchak, 1981). Achiramba ari mwanakomana akatendeka wenyika yake yekuzvarwa, munyori akagamuchira mubasa rake mhanzi yakasiyana-siyana kubva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kuva muenzaniso wezvokwadi yepasi rose mune unyanzvi.

N. Aleksenko